Stopping Distance for Train with Crates
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marillajp02Stopping Distance for Train with Crates
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Powered by AINet normal force varies with vertical force \(P\). Effective weight \(W_eff = 2.5 \cdot 9.8 - P\). \(f_s = 0.40 \cdot W_eff\) when not moving, and kinetic \(0.25 \cdot W_eff\). For 8.0 N, \(W_eff = 24.5 - 8.0 = 16.5N\), giving \(f_s = 0.40 \cdot 16.5 = 6.6N\), as 6.0 N cannot overcome static friction, \(f_k\) doesn't apply. For 10.0 N and 12.0 N, friction is re-calculated similarly considering \(f_s\) initially because horizontal force alone does not initiate movement.
Resolve the 15 N force into components: horizontal \(F_{x} = 15 \cos(40^{\circ}) = 11.49 \text{ N}\) and vertical \(F_{y} = 15 \sin(40^{\circ}) = 9.64 \text{ N}\). The normal force \(N = mg - F_{y} = 3.5 \times 9.8 - 9.64 = 24.76 \text{ N}\). Frictional force \(f_k = \mu_k N = 0.25 \times 24.76 = 6.19 \text{ N}\). Net force \(F_{net} = F_{x} - f_k = 11.49 - 6.19 = 5.3 \text{ N}\). Acceleration \(a = F_{net}/m = 5.3/3.5 = 1.51 \text{ m/s}^2\). Angle reduces net horizontal force and alters frictionally applicable normal force.
First, convert the speed from km/h to m/s: 48 km/h = 13.33 m/s. The static friction provides the maximum deceleration the crates can tolerate without sliding. The force of static friction (F_s) is \(F_s = \mu_s mg\). The maximal deceleration (a) is \(a = \mu_s g\), where \(\mu_s\) is 0.25, and \(g\) is 9.8 m/s². Thus, \(a = 0.25 \times 9.8 = 2.45 \text{ m/s}^2\). Using the kinematic equation \(v^2 = u^2 + 2as\) with final velocity \(v = 0\), initial velocity \(u = 13.33 \text{ m/s}\), and solving for distance \(s\), we have \(0 = (13.33)^2 - 2(2.45)s\), yielding \(s = 36.27 \text{ meters}\).
The frictional force is \(f_k = \mu_k mg = 0.35 \times 55 \times 9.8 = 188.65 \text{ N}\). The net force \(F_{net} = 220 - 188.65 = 31.35 \text{ N}\). The acceleration \(a\) is \(a = F_{net}/m = 31.35/55 \approx 0.57 \text{ m/s}^2\).
Initially, the total mass is 45 kg, and the static friction force is \(F_{s, initial} = \mu_s \times 45 \times g\), where \(\mu_s = 0.45\) and \(g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2\). When the 17 kg mass is removed, the new mass is 28 kg. The force required to overcome static friction is then \(F_{s, new} = 0.45 \times 28 \times 9.8 = 123.48 \text{ N}\). The necessity is reduced by approximately 166.95 N (before) minus 123.48 N (after), thus decreasing by 43.47 N.