Emphatic Structures / Inversion 6 He said he was coming with us. say He with us, 7 Did you goto the vera Club lastnight? Was ... you went to last night? tl Inversion ‘We can invert the subject and the auxiliary verb in the sentence to give emphasis. This happens: @ after certain expressions placed at the beginning of a sentence. Barely, Hardly (ever) ... when, In no way, In/Under no circumstances, Little, Never (before), Nor/Neither, No sooner ... than, Not even once, Not only .. but also, Not since, Not til/until, Nowhere, Only by, Only in this way, (On no account, On no occasion, Only then, Rarely, Scarcely (ever) .. when, Seldom. Little did he say about his accident. Rarely does he visit us. Note that when only after, only by, only if, only when, not since, not tilljuntil are put at the beginning of a sentence, we use inversion in the main clause. ‘Only when you see him will you realise how much he has suffered. @ ater so, such, to such a degree (in result clauses) placed at the beginning of a sentence. So hard does he work that he will soon be promoted. @ in conditionals when should, were, had (Past Perfect) are placed at the beginning of the sentence. Note that “if” is omitted. ‘Should you go out, leave the key under the mat. (if you should go out... - Type 1) Were I you, | would apologise. (I! were you ...- Type 2) Had he been invited, he would have come. (If he had been invited .. - Type 3) © atter so, neither/nor, as to express agreement. “Lenjoy romance films." "So do |." ("So” is used to agree with an affirmative statement) “Tim didn't come.” *“Neither/Nor did Ann.” ("NeitheriNor” are used to agree with a negative statement.) Her students loved her, as did her colleagues. In the following structures we invert the subject and the main verb. after adverbs of place. There goes the bus! (BUT There it goes!) Here is your pen! (BUT Here itis!) © in Direct Speech when the reporting verb comes after the quote and the subject is a noun, “What a nice dress!” said Susan. (BUT “What a nice dress!” she said.) FElL_complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words 1 We can go on with the plan only if you agree. can Only if..you agree can we go... on with the plan. 2. Edna won't leave the house under any circumstances. will Under . leave the house. 3. Ifthe river rises any higher, the town will be flooded. rise Should , the town will be flooded. 4 If you'd paid on time, you wouldn't have been cut of. paid HO sn . you wouldn't have been cut off 5. He had just recovered from flu when he caught a bad cold sooner No from flu than he caught a bad cold. 6 He took such a long holiday that he forgot how to do his job. did Such a long holiday ww that he forgot how to do his job. 7 They managed to get our attention only by shouting and we ng their arms, manage Only by shouting and waving their arms .. - to get our attention. 8 He only asks for help when he is really desperate, ask ‘Only when he is really desperate .. - for help. 17)Emphatic Structures / Inversion 9 If see him, I'll give him your message. should I'll give him your message . him, 10 Tom never seems worried about his future. seem Never. i .» Worried about his future. 11 I've never had such fun anywhere else, else Nowhere such fun, 42. Lynn didn't realise that her mother was so worried about her realise Little . .. that her mother was so worried about her. 19. The army marched forward into batt. marched Forward sn... into battle. 14 Her parents and her friends wamed her not to go alone. as Her parents warned her not to go alone, . friends, 15 She sang so well that she was offered a record deal. 9 So... 16 Unemployment hasn't been .. that she was offered a record deal, ‘such a high level at any time since the 1930's. been Not since the 1930's... ... at such a high level 17 only watch television if| don’t have anything else to do. do ‘Only when I have nothing else to do .. television. 18 ‘She'd barely tnished drying er alr when er frst quests awed, had Barely... .. drying her hair when her first quests arrived, 19. He didn’t thank me once for feeding his cat. once Not .. me for feeding his cat. 20 there had been a phone nearby, he would have called an ambulance. there —— snes Nearby, he Would have called an ambulance. 21 The door to the basement isn't to be left open on any account. account On. to the basement to be left open. 22, We won't tell anybody the good news until we're certain it's true. will Not until we're certain it’s true . : ... anybody the good news. 23. He felt so unwell that he had to cancel their date. did So. 24 Bob forgot his mother’s birthday and his sister's too. did Bob didn't remember his mother's birthday; 25 He was so anxious that he kept biting his nails. his ‘Such 26 Brown bread is healthier and tastior than white bread, .. that he had to cancel their date, his sister's. he kept biting his nails. only NOt sane _.. than white bread, but i's healthier too! 27 didn't expect that they would throw a surprise party for my birthday. expect Little . .. they would throw a surprise party for my birthday. 28 tisn't often that temperatures in Spain fall below 0°. fall Seldom em 29 IfLwere you, 'd accept the offer. you Were 30 This isthe only way the Prime Minister can win the election. this Only [Ei_Rewrite the sentences using so or such at the beginning of th 2. 1. As the exams were difficult, many students complained. So ..difficult were the exams that many students complained. 2. His dream was so strange that his psychiatrist wrote about it in a medical journal. So 3. The explorers took such a long time to find the tom that they had nearly run out of supplies. Such 4 Many people (5 ont .. below 0°C in Spain. accept the offer. the Prime Minister win the election. ink she's English because she speaks the language so fluently. 1585 6 7 ] Fill in so, neither/nor and the appropriate verb, 1 2 Emphatic Structures / Inversion She is S0 ignorant that she has never heard of Shakespeare, Such .... He was so surprised that he nearly fell off his chair. Such The dancer moved so recy that he appeared tobe stating So. “1 don't feel like staying in today.” «..Neither do |.... Let's go to the beach instead.” “I really lke our new teacher.” She's really patient, isn’t she?" “I-can't decide what to buy Chris for his birthday." cris» What can you give a man who has everything?” “1 should really start doing some kind of exercise.” cone « VE put on a lot of weight.” “Id really love to go out tonight esta Let's go to the new Italian place round the comer.” “I cant stand this heat any more.” Let's get in the car and go for a drive." “I had the time of my life at the party last night.” Hl never forget you dancing the tango with old Mrs Marple.” “I've spent lots of money on clothes this month.” . There's hardly any space left in my wardrobe." “Iwon't be ‘Surprised if they don't turn up this evening.” They've been known to let people down in the past.” “We'te thinking of going to Ibiza this summer.” We've heard it's a great holiday resort.” [E_ Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five word: 1 2 10 He broke his leg during the summer holidays. that Iwas during ..che summer holidays that... he broke his leg He didn't realise a surprise party awaited him. know Little i rnc a surprise parly awaited him. Why did you leave work early today? that Why was . early today? It was impossible for us to have a day off work could (On no account... a day off work. You had to be lucky to discover gold in those days. could Only if you see discover gold in those days. Hillary and Tenzing were the first climbers to reach the summit of Mount Everest. who twas pe acta sssmmnnen Reached the summit of Mount Everest. The courier met him at the station. who twas ssommnnemannnene iM at the station, You should never park on double yellow lines. circumstances Under .. He seldom tells us what he's really thinking. tell Seldom You won't be given the job if you don't make a good i impression will Only by .. zi - on double yellow lines. he's really thinking, you be given the job. 159)Emphatic Structures / Inversion a Use the words in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. Cloud Formation 3344ea™) Alot of (0) ..poetry... has been written about clouds, which many of POET us will remember from OUF (1) ssn » But how many of us CHILD know the (2) reason why clouds are formed? SCIENCE Ce clouds form when rising air cools and the BASIC a @ it forms into droplets. But what makes the air rise MOIST in the first place? There are three main reasons. The (5) WARM of the sun heats the air and makes it lighter, so it goes upwards. Also the air goes up in order to pass OVEr (6) _ kinds of land, VARY for example, mountains. A third reason is weather fronts, which result iM (1) sermons OF Cold and warm air. The warm air always COMBINE cends up on top. In all three cases, asthe air rises it cools, the water it contains is condensed and the result is the familiar (8) occur of rain, As for the shapes of clouds, there are two (9) types: CHARACTER stratus clouds and cumulus clouds anid (10) ....mnemne Weather DIFFER conditions can be predicted, depending on the type of clouds we see. fa Oral Development 14 Look at the pictures below, then talk about them using emphatic structures or inversion. It wae Kirkpatrick who started the fight. Not only was he rude to the referee, but he also punched him on the nose. etc 160