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Plant Biology: Hormones and Processes

This document contains a passage about plant biology and multiple choice questions testing understanding of plant structures and processes. It discusses topics like plant tissues, transport of water and nutrients, tropisms, and plant hormones. The document provides diagrams and experiments to enhance understanding of key concepts in plant science.

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mashary aldawood
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32 views8 pages

Plant Biology: Hormones and Processes

This document contains a passage about plant biology and multiple choice questions testing understanding of plant structures and processes. It discusses topics like plant tissues, transport of water and nutrients, tropisms, and plant hormones. The document provides diagrams and experiments to enhance understanding of key concepts in plant science.

Uploaded by

mashary aldawood
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

vbiolo

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following plant parts is NOT a part of the leaf?
a. the stoma
b. the Casparian strip
c. the mesophyll
d. the cuticle
____ 2. Nathaniel is visiting his city’s plant conservatory, which is a giant old greenhouse. He notices that there is
condensation on the inside of the roof. Which processes likely led to the water droplets on the roof? Choose
the two most likely processes.
a. evaporation of water from the soil
b. release of hydrogen and oxygen gases by plants
c. osmosis from the larger trees
d. transpiration by plants
____ 3. The Casparian strip directly contributes to which of these processes? Choose three correct answers.
a. transpiration
b. sugar storage
c. root pressure
d. nutrient transport to leaves
____ 4. In which structure of the plant does gas exchange occur most frequently?
a. tap roots
b. flowers
c. leaves
d. stems
____ 5. Where on a plant are apical meristems found? Choose two correct answers.
a. in the centers of stems
b. at the tips of stems
c. in the centers of leaves
d. at the tips of roots
____ 6. Vascular tissues make up a plant’s circulatory system. Choose the two statements about vascular tissues that
are true.
a. Xylem tissue carries water in plants.
b. Phloem tissue carries water in plants.
c. Xylem and phloem provide structure for plant stems.
d. Xylem carries nutrients through plants.
e. Phloem is found only in flowering plants.
____ 7. What is the primary function of ground tissue?
a. It appears both above and below the ground.
b. It produces and stores sugars.
c. It produces and transports sugars.
d. It transports water and nutrients.
____ 8. Root systems are classified as fibrous root systems and taproot systems. Which property distinguishes the two
types of root systems from each other?
a. the method of water absorption
b. the branching pattern of the roots
c. the presence of xylem and phloem
d. the growth rate of the roots
____ 9. Which of the following groups include the world’s four major food crops?
a. corn, rice, soybeans, potatoes, carrots
b. barley, corn, soybeans, hay, rice
c. peas, barley, rice, corn, wheat
d. hay, rice, corn, soybeans, wheat
____ 10. Marisol wanted to show her younger sister how celery can change color. She took two stalks of celery, with
the leaves attached, and cut the bases off the stems. Then she placed one stalk in a jar that contained water and
blue food coloring, and the other stalk in a jar that contained water and red food coloring.

When they looked at the celery the next morning, Marisol’s sister was amazed that the celery leaves had
become red and blue. Which two processes are directly responsible for the leaves being colored?
a. photosynthesis
b. atmospheric pressure
c. capillary action
d. transpiration

Look at the experimental setup and its results after two weeks.

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 11. Which tropism is this experiment designed to test?


a. chronotropism
b. thigmotropism
c. gravitropism
d. phototropism
____ 12. How could the experiment be altered to test for another type of tropism? Choose the two options that are
reasonable modifications to the experiment and that state the correct tropism they test.
a. Turn the lights off to test phototropism with the same setup.
b. Turn the lights off, and turn the pots upright to test gravitropism with the same setup.
c. Place a bamboo stick near each plant to test for thigmotropism with the same setup.
d. Set the lamps in different locations and turn the pots upright to test for phototropism.
____ 13. What is the name of the hormone type that allows plants to respond to this kind of tropism?
a. auxins
b. ethylene
c. gibberelins
d. abscisic acid
14. Use words from the word box below to compelte the paragraph.

cutucle mesophyll guard cells stomata epidermis


chloroplasts alleviates maintains increases decreases
nitrogen carbon dioxide oxygen water vapor

Changes in water pressure within the ____________ cause the ____________ to open and close. When water
is plentiful, if flows into the leaf, which ____________ the water pressure in the guard cells, which separate.
Then, ____________ can enter.

____ 15. Look at the diagram about transport of materials in plants. What does it show?
a. It explains how sugars can be taken from storage in the roots and used elsewhere in the
plant.
b. It explains how nutrients pass from the roots to the rest of the plant.
c. It explains how sugars can be stored in the root.
d. It explains why transport of sugars through the xylem is more rapid than transport through
the phloem.
____ 16. What is the name of the process described in the diagram?
a. the pressure-osmosis system
b. the osmotic system
c. transpirations-roots system
d. the pressure-flow system
17. Describe what happens in the source cell, between the source and sink cell, and then in the sink cell. Note
where osmosis, active transport, photosynthesis, and storage occur.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

18. Use words from the word box to complete the paragraph

raising bananas in greenhouses three a lack of genetic diversity


not enough pesticide use one increased reliance on chemical fertilizers
growing a number of banana varieties fifteen using stronger fungicides

By the 1950s, there was ____________ major variety(ies) of banana being grown commercially in the world.
Then, a soil fungus called Fusarium struck the banana plants, causing Panama Disease. Because of
____________, the bananas could not resist the fungus and within years, the entire commercial banana
industry had collapsed. The industry switched to a different kind of banana. Yet fifty years later, Panama
Disease has returned, and there is still no cure for it. Perhaps the best solution for the future is ____________.

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 19. The diagram shows the concentration of a plant hormone in a growing plant shoot. Which statement explains
the role of this plant hormone?
a. Auxins collect on the side of a shoot that is illuminated by the sun, causing the cells on
that side of the plant to elongate, and the plant to curve toward the sun.
b. Auxins collect on the side of a shoot that is shaded from the sun, causing the cells on that
side of the plant to elongate, and the plant to curve toward the sun.
c. Auxins increase uniformly through cells as the sun shines on a plant, and cells elongate
more or less equally so that the stem grows straight and tall.
d. Auxins flow up from the roots, helping plants to reach higher towards the sun.

Jo sets up an experiment where she will grow squash and weigh the plants over time. Her hypothesis is that
plant growth provides an example of the law of conservation of mass.

She weighs soil into a plastic box and plants the seeds. She decides to weigh all the water she gives the plant,
and she has a cover over the system so that she can collect and weigh the water that transpires from the plant
as well.

____ 20. Which statement describes the expected results and conclusion of Jo’s experiment?
a. The results will show the conservation of mass as a plant grows.
b. The results will show that the plant gained mass from an unidentified source, which was
gases in the air.
c. The results will show that the soil lost mass to an unidentified source, which was gases in
the air.
d. The results will show that the conservation of mass does not apply to plants, due to
nuclear reactions.
21. Discuss two experimental errors that could occur in Jo’s experiment. Then describe how the experiment could
be improved to avoid the errors.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
From the list, choose a product that comes from part of the plant listed.

wooden porch swing perfume French fries

22. xylem: ____________

23. ground tissue : ____________

24. floral meristem : ____________

____ 25. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Bags made from plant starch are now available as an alternative to plastic bags. What are the advantages of
plant-starch bags compared to plastic bags? Choose three correct answers.
a. Plant-starch bags are biodegradable.
b. Plant-starch bags come from a renewable resource.
c. Plant-starch bags are waterproof.
d. Plant-starch bags are compostable.
vbiolo
Answer Section
1. ANS: B PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2873
2. ANS: A, D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2873
3. ANS: A, C, D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.3498
4. ANS: C PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2867
5. ANS: D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2714 | SCI.3225
6. ANS: A, C PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2879
7. ANS: B PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.517
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2879 | SCI.2880 | SCI.779
9. ANS: D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.796
10. ANS: C, D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2881 | SCI.779
11. ANS: C PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2879 | SCI.3499
12. ANS: C, D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2879 | SCI.3499
13. ANS: A PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2879 | SCI.3499
14. ANS: guard cells, stomata, increases, carbon dioxide

PTS: 4 SKL: SCI.3498


15. ANS: C PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2873 | SCI.779
16. ANS: D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2873 | SCI.779
17. ANS:
In the source cell, photosynthesis produces sugars.
The sugars travel into the phloem by active transport.
The sugars travel down the phloem, pushed by water from the xylem that flows into the phloem through
osmosis.
The sugars are stored in the sink cell.

PTS: 4 SKL: SCI.2873 | SCI.779


18. ANS: one, a lack of genetic diversity, growing a number of banana varieties

PTS: 3 SKL: SCI.4507


19. ANS: B PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.1958
20. ANS: B PTS: 1 NAT: HS-LS1-C-1 SKL: SCI.1312
21. ANS:
See scoring rubric. Accept other answers if they are creative, intelligent, and feasible.

1 Pt: It would be easy for some water to escape by evaporation or transpiration if the system is not sealed well
enough.

1 Pt: The solution is to make sure the system is well-sealed.

1 Pt: There could be problems with the weighing scale, resulting in incorrect values and an incorrect
conclusion.

1 Pt: One solution would be to weigh the box many times. In this way, incorrect values will be smoothed out.
As well, if she weighs the box every day, she will be able to watch the data grow, and that’s interesting.

PTS: 4 NAT: HS-LS1-C-1 SKL: SCI.1312


22. ANS: wooden porch swing

PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.779 | SCI.844 | SCI.2552 | SCI.2647


23. ANS: French fries

PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.779 | SCI.844 | SCI.2552 | SCI.2647


24. ANS: perfume

PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.779 | SCI.844 | SCI.2552 | SCI.2647


25. ANS: A, B, D PTS: 1 SKL: SCI.2971 | SCI.4077

Common questions

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One possible experimental error is the unintentional escape of water vapor due to insufficient sealing of the experimental apparatus, leading to inaccurate mass measurements. This can be mitigated by ensuring all joints and seals are airtight before starting the experiment. A second potential issue is the precision of the weighing scales used, which could provide erroneous readings; repeated and regular mass measurements help account for variations and aid in establishing a clear growth trend .

The transport of sugars in plants is primarily characterized by the pressure-flow hypothesis, involving active and passive transport mechanisms. Sugars produced in the source cells (e.g., leaves) from photosynthesis are actively transported into phloem sieve tubes. This increases osmotic pressure, drawing in water from the xylem and creating a pressure gradient that moves the solution towards sink cells (e.g., roots) where sugars are needed or stored. Osmosis and active transport play critical roles in regulating this flow .

Fibrous root systems are characterized by a network of thin, shallow roots that spread out horizontally, enhancing their ability to absorb water quickly from the soil surface. Taproot systems, in contrast, have a single thick root that grows deeper into the ground, accessing water from lower soil layers. This structural difference implies that fibrous root systems are better suited for environments with regular surface water availability, whereas taproot systems are advantageous in arid conditions where deeper water sources must be exploited .

Jo's experiment illustrates the law of conservation of mass by meticulously weighing all inputs and outputs to the plant system. As the plant synthesizes new biomass through photosynthesis, it incorporates carbon from atmospheric CO2, which contributes to its mass increase as predicted. The weighing of water inputs and transpired outputs accounts for water movement through the system. The expected observation is that any mass change in the plant correlates with a mass reduction in CO2 and water inputs, adhering to conservation principles .

Low genetic diversity in banana cultivation has historically made the commercial banana industry susceptible to diseases like Panama Disease, caused by the Fusarium fungus. Such vulnerability arises because all plants are genetically similar and therefore equally susceptible to threats. One solution is to diversify the genetic stock by cultivating multiple varieties, which enhances resistance to pathogens and reduces the risk of industry-wide failure. Emphasizing genetic modification and traditional breeding programs could also provide long-term solutions to this issue .

The Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material in the endodermis of plant roots that contributes to essential plant processes by regulating the movement of water and nutrients. It ensures that water and dissolved nutrients must pass through cell membranes rather than flowing freely through intercellular spaces, helping control the minerals absorbed by the plant system. The strip aids in creating root pressure necessary for the upward transport of water and nutrients and plays a role in nutrient transport to the leaves .

Plant-starch bags provide significant environmental benefits over traditional plastic bags. They are biodegradable and compostable, reducing landfill impact and pollution. Being derived from renewable resources ensures a sustainable production process, unlike plastic bags made from fossil fuels which cause long-term environmental damage. These characteristics make plant-starch bags a more eco-friendly alternative .

Leaves are structured to facilitate gas exchange through small openings called stomata, primarily located on the undersides of the leaves. The guard cells surrounding the stomata regulate their opening and closing by changing turgor pressure, allowing optimal exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. The mesophyll inside the leaves, rich in chloroplasts, provides the surface area necessary for photosynthesis, and the thin cuticle allows gases to penetrate the epidermis effectively .

Auxins are plant hormones that facilitate phototropic movement by accumulating on the shaded side of a plant stem, causing cell elongation in that region. This differential growth causes the plant to bend towards the light source, optimizing light absorption for photosynthesis. While the illuminated side experiences less growth due to reduced auxin concentration, the shaded side elongates, curving the plant stem towards the light, an adaptation critical for maximizing photosynthetic efficiency .

To test different types of tropism, experimental modifications could include manipulating light, gravity, or physical contact conditions. For phototropism, turning off lights can serve to test how plants react to directional light changes, possibly by repositioning light sources to observe movement towards them . For gravitropism, pots could be rotated or aligned differently to observe root or shoot orientation changes in response to gravity. Introducing a physical apparatus like a bamboo stick next to plants could engage thigmotropism, observing growth responses to tactile stimuli .

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