Semantic
Network Model
Name: Naga Sandhya Poolla
Roll. No: 1001323318008
Definition of Semantic Network Model:
A semantic network model is a graph-based knowledge representation approach,
where nodes represent entities and pointers signify the relationships between them,
enabling the encoding of semantic information.
Collins and Quillian (1969) tested the idea that semantic memory is analogous to a
network of connected ideas. They reasoned that if semantic memory is analogous to a
network of nodes and pointers and if semantic memory honors the cognitive economy
principle, then the closer a fact or property is stored to a particular node, the less time
it should take to verify the fact and property.
Collins and Quillian presented people with a number of sentences, finding, as
predicted, it took people less time to respond to sentences whose representations
should span two levels than did to representations should span three levels.
Components of Semantic Network Model
Pointer: Edges signify the
• Nodes: Nodes in a semantic network
relationships and connections
model represent entities, concepts, or
between nodes in the semantic
objects, serving as the building blocks of
network model, representing the
the model's knowledge representation.
semantic associations or
They form the interconnected structure of
dependencies between the entities
the semantic network.
they connect.
Car Node
Pointer
Fuel Engine
Hierarchical Semantic Network
The hierarchical semantic network model is a conceptual framework
representing knowledge organization. It arranges information in a tree-like
structure, with nodes representing concepts and links depicting relationships.
The model reflects a hierarchy of abstraction, where higher levels encompass
broader categories and lower levels detail specific instances. This facilitates
efficient information retrieval and cognitive processing. Nodes store semantic
content, and connections signify associations. The hierarchical arrangement
aids in understanding relationships between concepts, making it a valuable
tool for cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and knowledge
representation, fostering a nuanced depiction of interconnected ideas within
a structured and navigable framework.
Components of Hierarchical Semantic
Network
Subordinate: Subordinates are more Superordinate: Superordinates are
specific concepts that fall under a more general or overarching concepts
broader or more general category. that encompass a group of more
They represent a subset of a larger specific subordinates. They are
concept and are considered to be at positioned at a higher level in the
a lower level in the hierarchy. hierarchy.
Superordinate Animal
Birds Mammals Subordinate
Non-flight
Flight birds Dog Whale
birds
Crow Sparrow Ostrich Penguin Chihuahua Damation Blue Whales Gray Whales
Spreading Activation Theory
Spreading Activation Theory is a cognitive model proposing that when a concept is
activated in the mind, the activation spreads to related concepts. Nodes in a mental
network represent these concepts, and the strength of activation determines
accessibility. Activated nodes facilitate quicker retrieval of associated information,
influencing cognitive processes like memory and problem-solving. This theory, integral
to semantic networks, suggests that mental representations are organized
hierarchically, with activation spreading along interconnected pathways, providing a
framework for understanding how the human mind accesses and processes
information based on the associative strength between concepts.
Ring
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