Biostatistics Exercises and Probability Analysis
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Powered by AIPerform a one-sample t-test. Null hypothesis H0: μ ≥ 22. Calculate t = (27 - 22)/(5/sqrt(100)) = 10. Compare with critical t-value for df = 99 at α=0.05. Since the calculated t-value is much greater, the evidence is not sufficient to indicate the mean is less than 22 .
The 95% CI for the mean cholesterol level is calculated as: 267 ± 1.96*(45/sqrt(100)). This gives (257.2, 276.8). Because 245 is not within this interval, the researcher can conclude that there is a significant difference between the populations .
Conduct a one-sample t-test. Null hypothesis H0: μ = 9. Alternative hypothesis Ha: μ > 9. Compute the test statistic t = (11.3 - 9)/(6.3/sqrt(18)) and compare with the critical t-value for df = 17 at α = 0.05. Calculate p-value; if p < 0.05, reject H0 .
Let p₁ = 0.038 for 1978, sample size n₁ = 15000, and p₂ = 200/10000 for 1979. Test H0: p₁ = p₂. Use Z = (p₂ - p₁) / sqrt[p₀(1-p₀)(1/n₁ + 1/n₂)], where p₀ is pooled proportion; α = 0.01. If Z falls in the critical region, reject H0 .
Use z-scores for 95%: z = ±1.96. Calculate boundaries: Lower = 3.1 - 1.96*0.5 = 2.12 kg, Upper = 3.1 + 1.96*0.5 = 4.08 kg. Therefore, 95% of newborn weights fall between 2.12 kg and 4.08 kg .
Using p = 0.83, calculate SE = sqrt(p(1-p)/1506). Then, 95% CI = p ± 1.96*SE, resulting in 0.83 ± 0.019, or (0.811, 0.849).
Given that 75% have stays of 37 days or less (P₇₅) and 10% have stays of 23 days or less (P₁₀), we use the normal distribution properties. Let z₀.₇₅ = 0.675 and z₀.₁₀ = -1.28. Set up two equations: μ + 0.675σ = 37 and μ - 1.28σ = 23. Solving these equations simultaneously gives μ ≈ 31.312 and σ ≈ 8.438.
The probability that none will survive is given by the binomial probability formula. For none surviving (zero successes), we have P(X=0) = (60 choose 0) * (0.90)^0 * (0.10)^60. This simplifies to 1 * 1 * (0.10)^60, which is an extremely small number, effectively close to 0.
To calculate the probability, we use the standard normal distribution. We calculate the standard error (SE) as 1/sqrt(9) = 0.33. The Z-score is (4 - 4.7)/0.33 = -2.12. Using the Z-table, we find P(Z > -2.12), which is approximately 0.983. Thus, the probability is 98.3%.
First, calculate the standard error, SE = 1/sqrt(9) = 0.33. For the mean 5, Z = (5-4.7)/0.33 = 0.91 and for 6, Z = (6-4.7)/0.33 = 3.94. Using Z-tables, find P(0.91 < Z < 3.94). This gives us a probability of roughly 0.8194.