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Static Route Configuration Guide

Static routes were configured on routers R1 and R2 to allow connectivity between networks 172.16.0.0/16, 192.168.0.0/24, and 10.0.0.0/8 which are connected to each router. Initially, ping tests between the networks failed due to missing routes. Static routes were added to the routers which showed the routes in their routing tables. After configuring the static routes, ping tests between all networks succeeded, demonstrating IP connectivity between all networks.

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83 views7 pages

Static Route Configuration Guide

Static routes were configured on routers R1 and R2 to allow connectivity between networks 172.16.0.0/16, 192.168.0.0/24, and 10.0.0.0/8 which are connected to each router. Initially, ping tests between the networks failed due to missing routes. Static routes were added to the routers which showed the routes in their routing tables. After configuring the static routes, ping tests between all networks succeeded, demonstrating IP connectivity between all networks.

Uploaded by

tejassmm222
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Practical No.

4
Aim: Static Route Configuration
Theory :
Static Route
[Link] routing method is most trusted by a router.
[Link] routing is not really a routing protocol.
[Link] routes do not dynamically adapt to network changes, are not particularly scalable, and
require manual updating to reflect changes.
Static routing has the following advantages
1. There is no bandwidth usage between routers, which means you could possibly save
money on WAN links.
2. There is no overhead on the router CPU, which means you could possibly buy a cheaper
router than you would use if you were using dynamic routing.
3. It adds security because the administrator can choose to allow routing access to certain networks
only.
Static routing has the following disadvantages
1. Static routes don’t dynamically adapt to network change.
2. If a network is added to the internetwork, the administrator has to add a route to it on all routers
—by hand.
3. It’s not feasible in large networks because maintaining it would be a full-time job in itself.
4. With static routing, as your network grows, it can be difficult just keep adding static routes makes
sure everybody can still get everything.
5. The administrator must really understand the internetwork and how each router is
connected in order to configure routes correctly.

There are two different styles to configure an “ip route” command:


1. Using a next hop IP address
2. Using an outgoing interface

Configure Static Route on Cisco Routers with following information:


Network: [Link]/16, [Link]/24, [Link]/8
Gateway Address: [Link]/16, [Link]/24, [Link]/8

TAKE PRINTOUT OF NEXT SNAPS OF CODING AND OUTPUT


Putting three IP addresses, subnet mask and default gateway to three PCs.

Click PC1/ Desktop/IP Configuration /Static


Click Click Configure Router R1 PC2/ Desktop/IP Configuration /Static
Click PC2/ Desktop/IP Configuration /Static

Click PC3/ Desktop/IP Configuration /StaticClick Configure Router R1 PC2/ Desktop/IP


Configuration /Static PC3/ Desktop/IP Configuration /Static
Configure Router R2

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R1
R1(config)#int fa 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#int fa 1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config)#int fa 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
Click
Click
Configure Router R2

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R2
R2(config)#int fa 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config)#int fa 0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#

Configure Static Route to router R1


Go to config mode, type ip route command, the subnet number, followed by the mask, and next hop
ip address.
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
R1(config)#^Z
See routing table of router R1
R1#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S [Link]/8 [1/0] via [Link]
[Link]/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C [Link]/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C [Link]/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R1#
Note a static route added to the routing table. The character S means static route. It references
[Link] subnet and it says to get there via100.0.0.2. via means that the next hop router’s IP address.
Now check IP connectivity
Click PC-1/ Desktop/Command Prompt
PC>ping [Link]
Pinging [Link] with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Ping statistics for [Link]:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),
PC>

However PC-1 can’t ping PC-3 right now, the ping fails. See routing table of router R2
R2#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C [Link]/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
[Link]/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R2#
The output confirms that R2 does not have route to reach subnet [Link]/16, [Link]/24 or
PC-1, PC-2. As a result, if PC-1 tries to ping PC-3 or PC-3 tries to ping PC-1 right now, the ping will fail.
So, we have to add a routing protocol(in this case, static route) that points PC-3’s subnet namely
[Link]/8. In this way we will tell R1 how to forward packet to [Link]/8 subnet. The packet arrives
at R2, R2 has a directly connected route PC-3’s subnet.
Configure Static Route to router R2
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
R2(config)#ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
R2(config)#^Z
R2#
Now,see routing table of router R2
R2#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C [Link]/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
[Link]/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S [Link]/16 [1/0] via [Link]
S [Link]/24 [1/0] via [Link]
R2#
Now check IP connectivity Click PC-1/ Desktop/Command Prompt
PC>ping [Link]
Pinging [Link] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=126
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=126
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=126
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for [Link]:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 12ms, Maximum = 20ms, Average = 14ms
PC>

We can reach [Link] network.

Click PC-2/ Desktop/Command Prompt


PC>ping [Link]
Pinging [Link] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=12ms
TTL=126 Reply from [Link]: bytes=32
time=14ms TTL=126 Reply from [Link]:
bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=126 Reply from
[Link]: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for [Link]:


Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 11ms, Maximum = 24ms, Average = 15ms
PC>

We can reach [Link] network.

Click PC-3/ Desktop/Command Prompt


PC>ping [Link]
Pinging [Link] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=10ms
TTL=126 Reply from [Link]: bytes=32
time=11ms TTL=126 Reply from [Link]:
bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=126 Reply from
[Link]: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for [Link]:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 10ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 12ms
PC>

We can reach [Link] network.

PC>ping [Link]
Pinging [Link] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=126
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=126
Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for [Link]:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 10ms, Maximum = 22ms, Average = 13ms
PC>

We can reach [Link] network.

Conclusion:
Draw table of marks obtained.

Common questions

Powered by AI

Static routing can enhance network security because administrators manually configure routes, allowing them to precisely control which networks are accessible. This manual control restricts unwanted network advertisements or paths, unlike dynamic routing, which could automatically propagate learned routes throughout the network .

Manually configuring static routes requires a comprehensive understanding of the entire network topology because the administrator must know how each router is interconnected to configure routes effectively. Unlike dynamic routing that dynamically learns routes, static routing requires precise knowledge to ensure data packets are correctly forwarded across networks .

Static routing offers advantages such as zero bandwidth usage between routers, which can lead to potential cost savings on WAN links, and no overhead on the router CPU, allowing for the use of a cheaper router than those needed for dynamic routing. Additionally, it provides enhanced security since the administrator can selectively route specific network traffic .

Static routing is not scalable, particularly in large network environments. Its primary challenge is the manual intervention needed for network changes, making it not suitable as networks grow in size and complexity. The administrator must manually update routes across all routers for any new network segments, requiring significant time and increasing the potential for configuration errors .

PC-1 cannot initially ping PC-3 due to R2 not having a route to reach the subnets corresponding to PC-1 (172.16.0.2/16, 192.168.0.2/24). This problem is resolved by adding static routes on R2 that point to R1's networks, which allows R2 to correctly forward packets to PC-1. Hence, the static route configuration ensures successful end-to-end network connectivity between PCs .

The two methods to configure the 'ip route' command are by using a next hop IP address or specifying an outgoing interface .

The 'S' in a routing table signifies a static route, meaning the route was manually entered into the routing table rather than learned dynamically. In the given sources, it indicates a static route from R1 to reach the 10.0.0.0/8 network using 100.0.0.2 as the next hop IP address .

Subnetting divides larger networks into smaller, manageable sub-networks to improve routing efficiency and security. In the routing table, subnetting is indicated by the network segments such as 100.0.0.0/30, which represents a subnet directly connected to a router interface, allowing for precise network segmentation and resource allocation .

Static routing increases an administrator's workload significantly, particularly in large networks. Unlike dynamic routing, static routes do not automatically update with network changes, necessitating manual updates for any changes or additions in the network topology, which can be quite labor-intensive and is not feasible as networks grow larger .

Once static routes are correctly configured, as demonstrated by the successful ICMP pings with zero packet loss, there is improved routing accuracy and security without incurring additional CPU load or bandwidth usage, which can enhance overall network performance .

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