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Locus

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Locus

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Rachit Jain
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CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES IN MATHEMATICS VOLUME -1B : PART-1 (GEOMETRY) VARSITY® EMPOWERING EDUCATION * ENABLING DREAMS Central Office Working Office 4° Floor, Plt # 80, Sti Sai Plaza, DNo, $4-20/9-6, Floor 1,Timmarusu Stree, Ayyappa Society, ‘Srinagar Colony, VIJAYAWADA - 520 008. ‘Madhapur, HYDERABAD - 500 081. Ph: 0866-2544369 Sri Bhanu Kumar, A., Lecturer in Mathematics, Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions, Hyderabad, Dr. Robinson Edward Ri Professor of Mathematics, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore. Sri Srinivasa Rao, K., Academic Dean, Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions, Vijayawada, Printed at : ‘SREE VIJAYA GRAPHICS # 43-106-1/1228, Kanaka Durga Nagar \VWAYAWADA - 520 015, Ph : 0866-2402256 CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES IN MATHEMATICS VOLUME - IB : PART-1 (GEOMETRY) (Sumber of pa © VEML, Hyderabad Price : R All rights reserved (etusve oa are) Fist Edition: March 2012 Revised Edition: March 2020 7 CONTENTS 2D-GEOMETRY Co-Ordinate System Locus Change of Axes Straight Lines Pair of Straight lines 3D-CoOrdinate System Direction Cosines & Ratios Planes Locus ition : The set ofall points (and only those s) which satisfy the given geometrical condition(s) (or properties) is called a locus, From the definition ofthe locus, it follows that {every point satisfying the given condition(s)is, ‘apointon the locus. fi) every point on the locus satisfies the given condition(s), i) The set of points in a plane which are ‘equidistant from two given points A and is alocus, Here the locus i a straight line, In otherwords, the locus of & po equidistant from two given points A and B is {P/AP = BP). This set represents the perpendicular bisector of the line bs segment AB, é y 8 Pat ii) Let and B be two fixed points. Then the setof points P staistying ZAPB =90? isa locus. Here the locus isa circle. The locus of Pis (P/ZAPB= 9} [2a }e © Parametric equation of locus LOCUS @ Locus Equation of a locus e whi i) The set of points in a pla constant distance r from a given point Cis, locus, Here the locusis a circle ‘The locus ofa point P whose distance from a fixed point Cis r units, is (P/CP =r}. Locus Figs 133 If there are two or more geometric conditions describing a locus, these contions mst be consistent in the sens hatter existstleast one point satsying these conditions. Others, there exists no locus, EQUATION OF A LOCUS An equation fix, y) =Ois said tobe the equation of a locus Sif every point of S satisfies fx, y)=0 and every point that satisfies f(x,y)= O belongs wo. 12 ‘An equation of a locus is an algebr description of the locus. This can be obtained inthe following way i) Consider point P(x, y) on the locus fi) Write the geometric condition(s) to be satisfied by P in terms of an equation or inequation in symbols, i) Apply the proper formula of coordinate geometry and translate the geomet condition(s) into an algebraic equation iv) Simplify the equation so that itis free from radicals, ‘The equation thus obtained isthe required equation of locus, [NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students] af SOLVED EXAMPLES Find the locus of the point which is atm constant distance of S units from (4-3). L LetA=(4,-3)and Ps, ») bea point ond Given condition i, PL= 5 36-9043" Find the equation of acu ofthe pot for which the ‘sum ofthe squares of distances from the coordinate aes is 25, {Let Pur, 9) be a poi in he Hous Distances fom Po the coordinate aes ate || Given condition is [yf +f Iecus of Piss? y°=25 he distances from P tothe points (3,4) and (3,4) arein the ratio :2,findthelcus of? Let Ps») be a pot in the ls Lad=G.4,8203.4) 5 ra Given condition is £4 ss =9Pn? alles) 4-47 $937 +0-4)] 5084592478 doyt1a5=0 s locusof PS $2 45y2-478%=40y +1250 AQ,3).81,5),C-1,2arethree points Pisa pit ehh 4+ PH? =27C Ahead teas of Let Poy) be any point on the es. Given condition is PA? + Pa = PC BHO 3F HO DEH 5? =a(oriF +(r-2))] =U s1edee teddy) 3 625 6r— 16439 = lors 8y-29=0 2 The locus of Pi Ws +829 0. e{Locus] ‘The ends of the hypotenuse ofa right ange triangle are(06)and (6,0) Find the locus of the ted vertex. (MARCH.2008) Let A(0, 6), B16, 0) be the ends ofthe hypotenuse and Py) be the third verte. Given condition is ZAPB = 90° PPAR aA: PAA PAB 3 P40 OF +0 OF 726 PSPS dpe 364 126636 3 28 42y-12e- y=0 3 P4 P64 69=05 (4.99 40,6) 0F(6,0) 4 The hous of Pis x + 9°66 where (3) 410.6) 06 (6.0) ACL. 1) 81-2, 3) are two points. Ifa point P forms a ‘wiangle ofarea2square units with A B then find the locus of. Let At), 1), (-2,3) the given pins. Let Xs, ype pola othe lous Given condition ig Area of 4 PUB =2 we eytse2-ayefas xntyt shaban (2emayes? $5 Ae 1294 97220430549 4. Te lous of Psd 129 4952 205-205 4920 AUS, 3), BC, -2, C12, 1 are thee pats IEP point such tha the area of the quadrilateral PACs square units, then find the locus oP. La P=( any point on Iocus Given condition is are ofthe gusdrilsteral PAC = 10s, unit. S824 99-40-99 [=20 =}6-3y 3 |4x—39—18]=20 49 —3y-189 = 400 162 —244y 4 92 144+ 108-750, 2 The locus of Pis 16x? — Day +992 — bes toy (NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students jf 25] 8. An iron rod of length 2 is sliding on two mutually Perpendicular ines, Find the locus of the midpoint af therod. Let the two mutually perpendicular ines be coordinate axes Let A(a0), 0, bye the ends the fod. Let Ps yb the midpoint of AB 40 sy The los of Pins A straight rod of leg 9 units des with ts nds A, Balwaysoon the x and yeases respectively. Then centro of 4 0AB. 00, Given AB =9 = a 45a 81 Let Ps,» the centroid of AOAB. 2 The locas of Pis +9? =9. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Find the equation othe locus of the point which is atadistance of S units from (-2, 3). Find the equation o the locus ofthe point, for Which the square of whose distance from origin is 4 timesits y-coordinat. <(MATHS.8, PART Find the equation to the locus of points equidistant from the poin D (3.20.4) ii) (a+ b,a—b).(a—b,a +b) Find the locus ofthe point which is equidistan from the coordinate axes, '). Find the equation of locus of the point ‘whose distance from the coordinate axes are in the ratio 2: 3 ii) Find the equation of locus ofthe point which is ata distance Sunits from the Y-anis, ii) Find the equation to the locus of a point P whose distance to (2, 0) is equal to its distance from y-axis, Find the locus of P for which the distance from Po origin is double the distance from Po the point (1,2), (TUNE-2005) (MARCH.2012) ind the locus of Pif the distance of P from 3.0) is twice the distance of P from (-3, 0), [SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS the distances from P wo the points (2,3), 2,3) are i the ratio 2:3, then find the locus of P.(\IAY:2014) (TS MAYS) (5,4), (7,6) are in the ratio 2:3, then find the locus of P, (MAY:2008, March 2014) Find the locus of the point P such that PA? + PB? = 2 where Aa, 0), Ba, 0) and 0< a < |e] (PMY 18) AG, 2), BQ, -3), C(-2, 3) are three points. A point P moves such that PA? + PB®=2PC2, Show that the locus of PisTx-Ty+4=0 (Mtay:2007) Find the locus of a point P if the join ofthe points (2, 3) and (-1, 5) sublends aright angleat P. (MARCH-2005) (MAY:2012), Find the locus ofthe tind vertex of aright angled triangle, the ends of whose hypotenuse are (4, 0) and (0,4) [25 _______________-¢[NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students] «{tocus] yB=0 Gn as Gabe IS) ii) P4924 Ay=0; (#0, Hor (4,0) 3), BU-3,4) are two points. Ifa point [yep ch that the area of PAB is 8.5 square units, then find the locus of P. P moves s ‘atamenianiy [& 9 8 100°4259°—34e—1709=0 i) A(S,3),83,-2)aretwo points apoiatP | i) (x-2)-s)6r-2y—-D=0 forms tangle of area9 square units with Jey ayes A. Bihen find the oeus of P (MARCH.2009,2006) TS MARIS) Jo, iy 42 i) 162 5. i) 0(0,0), 46,0) (0,4 are thre points. 2 If Ps a point such that the arca of APOB is twice the area of APOA, then find the locus of P, ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Find the equation of locus of the point [1-3] PARAMETRIC EQUATION OF A] ‘which i collinear with the points (3,4) and Locus >, While defining the property obeyed by the 6. i) Find the equation of locus ofa point such point ofthe locus, sometimes.x and y coordinates of that the sum of whose distances from (0.2) any point are given as separate functions of a and (0,2) is 6. variable, i) Find the locus of P,ifA = 2,3), B= (2-3) and PA + PB=8 (MARCH-2008)AP MAR 15) “ Let x= f(@)and y = 9(8). Now for all admissible values of @ € R the point x,y) defines 7. id) Find the equation of locus of apointsuch that 4 Jocus. Thus the relation between x and y is the difference of whose distances from (-5.0)and (5,0)is8 (MAV:2006, 2011) Fd the equationctlocaset P.if4= (40), The variable @ is called the parameter and indirectly conditioned by the variable @ Cin) ad eee 5 =/@), y = 9(0) are called the parametric ak eeenwavansy efwatons ofthe lous. ANSWERS} 14] CARTESTAN EQUATION OF A LOCUS VERY SHORTANSWEA QUESTIONS FROM PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS heey tro—12 Lette parametric equations ofthe lous be b, s24)2-ays0 1 =Adjand y= 6(). tis parameter. BD reay ‘The Cartesian equation of a locus is a direct relation between randy. Forth the parameter 1 qi is eliminated fom te tworelations anda fanctonal . oy ‘8 ADDITIONAL SOLVED EXAMPLES }'t: i) Pays lors 980 1. Find the Cartesian equation of the lacus whose ‘SHORTANSWER. QUESTIONS parametric equations are x =a cos0, =a sino 20c- Tay +65=0 where @ isthe parame iy 5245)? 34n+ 120942 Sok ey (acon )*+ (using =o * The Cartesian equation [NEO SERIES for SH Chaltar IEON Students 2 Find the oeusof the point a bsee, ¢—btam 9). where @ isthe parameter. Sol. Let Ps.» be the given pon Nowr=a-bsec@ = r-u=—bseco yeanbung@ = y-a=—bung seo 0 un? = 8° uation the lous is (4 =)? ab Fld the locus ofthe point a cas? asin! 0). where @ isthe parameter. Sol. Let(x.») =a con°®,asin?8) = and adding sind *. Equation tothe lacus ie +97 4.0) Find thetocusot the point ens), 1) Find thetocusof point (tang sin 9 tam 9-sin where 0 isa parameter Sol. i) Let{coseed —sinO, sec ~cost = (x9) sn in eo snd “* 80 =? “sin “cos and ay =we = cos sin? Fy say? =H 8) Let(un 9 +sin0,tn9-sing) =e») tan +sin @ = rand wn —sin @ =y 2 pasno une ‘ADDITIONAL EXERCISE Find the locus of the point (x, ) where i) x=a+beosg.y=b+asing ii) x= a+ bsecg,y =b+atanB iil) x= sec@ +btan@,y =a and + b sec for all admissbile values of 8, @ is a parameter. Find the locus of the point (a cos*® . a sin*® ), where @ isa parameter, i) Find the locus of point (ar®,2an) where ris parameter (_< i Find he oes of pin ner isa parameter, . where fis a parameter 3 Fete 1 isa parameter TANSWERS}. ANSWERS o-) ar (mat (=a? Vir feede a) year 9 Wad) sab=0 [28 __________¢[NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students] (waTHs48, PART-1}® (SYNOPSIS ‘The pat traced out by moving pot under one or more given comiions is called its “Locus ‘he sigetraic relation between xan y obtained by applying the geometrical conditions is called the equation of toes. “The locus of point whichis equidistant fom the two points AC) and Bs, 9) the pe pendicular bisector of AB. 1's equation i The locus of a point which is at a distance of “P units from the given point ¢x,.y,) is circle whose equation is (s=5,)' (y= y)F =e Let Aix, yp), Bet ¥,) be two fixed points. The locus of P such that ZAPB = 907 is a circle on the line joining A, B as the ends of a diameter and its equation is (x1 )0-3,)4(949,)0-9)=0 ‘The locus of a point “P” such that PA = KPB is 1 perpendicular bisector of AB if K = 1 ii) acitcle if K#1 and k>0 i) empty se if <0 ILA, ate wo points then the locus of point such that PA? + PB ne if K ii) acitcleif K #2 and K>0 ii) empty set if k-< 0 Let A, B be two points, then the locus of P such that the area of triangle PAB is A isa pair of Parallel! ines which are parallel to and at a distance of 24 from AB Let A, he two poins, then the locus of point ‘P such that PA + PB = Kis 1) amollipse if K > AB ii) a line segment if K = AB iy empty set it K < AB (Locus) Let, B be wo points then the locus of point P such that [PA~ Py 3) alypesbola if K < AB ii) union of two rays i K = AB i emmy set if K > AB 1A =, by B= a,b) then the lous of P such that PA + PB =k or PA = PB 42 40-0? ee aa 1A = (a, by B= a,b) then the lous of P such that PA + PM = kof PA = PR = Kis sea) ay Boab The curve represented by Saas! +s? +2hwy+2—x42 Aa abe+2fehmaf? be! ~c |) acileifa ed, had, s° +/? —ac20.A70 ii) apsiroflinesit AO, # 2ahe? 2a, 7? 2b i) a pair of parattines if 0,1? = ab, af iv) a parabola if a #0, 1? ¥) Ancllipse if A 0, < ab vi) a hyperbola if A0, J? > ab ia recungular hyperbola if 820, a+ and > ab ‘The equation of the locus of the point whose distance from «avis is twice its distance from the yeaxis is pyaae Day Dyade Hartye0 ‘The locus of a point whose distance from the y-axis is half of its distance from origin ‘The locus of the point, for which the sum of the squares of distances from the coordinate [NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students |: 4. Ifthe equation to the locus of points equidis- int from the po ) is axtbysea0) where @ > 0 then, the ascending order of a,b, € is Habe Doba Hhoa Nach 5. The locus of the point which is equidistant to the coordinate axes is Dey yee ae 6. If the equation of the locus of a point equidistance from the points (a, b,) and (ay by) Is (a,— ashe+(b,~ bylyse = O then the value ofc is +b by 3 aja} +) 4) Mal +a} 458 +83) 7. ‘The point P moves such that the sum of the squares of its distances from two fixed points Ala, 0), B(-a, 0) is 8a the Hocus of P is 8. ‘The equation to the locus of P such that the Join of (a,b) and (b, a) subtend a right angle ats tty ax~ dy +ab=0 2)x8+ yar —by + 2ub=0 Hey (a+ Det yy eab=0 D4 C@ + DEY) 420-0 9. Aline passes through a fived point A(a, 6). ‘The locus of the foot of the perpendicular on it from origin is Dees tae by 10. The locus of a point which is collinear with ‘the points (3, 4) andl (4, 3) is 1 2643y-12=0 2) x43y412. 0 3) ar42y412=0 4) x-Ty425=0 nL 2 13. 14, 16. NEO SERIES for {MATHS-1, PART- IA = (6,0), B = (0, 4) and O is the origin, then the locus of P such that the area of APOR » 2area of APOA) is 2 3y be > 2tedy 0° 4a ay? ‘The locus of P such that the area of APAB is 12 sq, units where A(2, 2) and BC, §) is 1) 24 xy + 992 224 — aby = 28 2) 2 Gay +9 + 228 + 66y 4.23 3) 24 Say 4 92 + 20 + 6y + 2 4yx1 dy? dy 12 —24y ‘The base of a triangle lies along the line x=a and is of length a. The area of the tangle is «2, The locus of the third vertex is. Do +a)e-m=0 2x a) +30) 3)(x-@ e320 (ea) 2a) =0 AUS, 3), BB, -2), C2, -1) are the points and P is 4 point such that the area of the ‘quadrilateral PABC is 1 sq. units then the locus of Pis 1) 162-245y49y?-14444108)-7600 2) 6r2424ay49924 144410894 76=0 3) N6x2424uy49)2 144410897 4) 1ox2e24ay49)%41444108)-7620 A ‘om the axes, ye segment of length 2! sliding with ends ‘the locus of the middle point of the Tine segment is 4P =4P 4x pes ae A straight rod of length MV unit slides with its ends A, B always on the x and y axes respectively. ‘Then the locus of the centroid of AOAB # QeeyeP aeteyt eae atey=2e haitanya Jr. NEON Students] MATHSB, PART [2 17. Through (4g, y) variable line is drawn cut ting the axes at A, B. If OACB is a rectangle then locus of C is 18 Ith wean, k denote G.M. of the intereepts made on axes by the lines passing through (1, 1) then (A, &) Hes on by ae yar te the arithmetic Ayn + y=2sy 19. Ia, b,c arein AP, a, x, bare in GP. and », ye are in GP. the point (ry) les on Dt ey a2 29? 22H 2s 3) tay =H 4) tay emt 20. Let A = (2, 5) and B = (4,-1) are two vertices of a AARC. Third vertex © moves along L=9x + Ty +4-=0. The locus of the centroid of triangle ABC is the line 1) 96-7y-22m0 2) Or47TV422—0 3) 2e421y-770 4) 274219780 24. A point moves in the xy-plane such that th sum of its, two mutually perpendicular lines is always equal to 5 units. ‘The area (in square units) enclosed by the lacus distances from ‘of the point i 25 . D> p23 950 4 100 22. Ala, 0), B(-a, 0) and ZAPB= 45°, then the locus of P is Dress arta pete Dey 4 day ee Dat ey? — day! A= (4,0), B= (a, 0).P isa moving point such that ZPAB— ZPBA The locus of Pis 2 9 e-¥ a» x 5 (NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students (Locus 24. ‘The locus of a point such that the sum of its distances from the points (0, 2) and (0, -2) is 68 pox? — sy? 45, 3) 9 4 Sy? 24s 25. A point P moves so that the sum ofits distance from the points (ae, 0), (-ae, 0) is 2a. The Tocus of the point P is (0 ) A\ point moves such that the sum ofthe squares the sides of a square of 10. 2 passing through the origin cus twoparalle line x~y +10 = 0 and x —y + 20= Oat two points A and B. IPP is « point on the line *L? such that OA, OP, OB are in then the locus of P harmonic progression, 1 ac4ay 44020 2)ar4 ay 420 0 0 3) Re Fy H4D=0 4) Rey 420 WA ine drawn through a fixed point (, ) cuts the axes at and Q. The rectangle OPRQ is completed then the locus of R is nied By xtyshek 4) x-yehok 12, Ifthe point “P* is equidistance fro AQ, 3), BUR, 8) and C15, -1) then P bs 088 4 svio {33) 3) 28 13. The base ofa triangle lies along x=1 and is of length 1. The area of triangle is 1. The locus of vertex is De+De-3)=0 Der dire d=0 Dut Es3=0 HEHE =O 14, ‘Two straight rods of lengths 24 and 2 move long the coordinate axes in such a way 1 their extremities are always the lacus of the centre af such circles is Ue yaw ee 2) 268 -yyaa eh 19. 15, ‘The set of all points that forms a triangle of ‘area 15 sq- units with the points (1, -2) and (5.3) lies on 1) Sxs6y423 2) (5x+6)-23)(51+6y +37) 20, 3) 25x +36y" +244 30y-227 4) Se+6y—37 16. ‘The locus of al points that are at distance of aeast 2 units from (80) is » oxy fey 4604750} 2 {(x.y)}s' +» +6x452 0} 9 {(xs)}e +y* ox seo} 4) {(uy))e + 9° -6r+5s0} 17, Mate the oct a of the points in List-I with the curves in List-IT. (here pg and r are ‘constants and 1,0 and are parameters) (sa) lic, Then 18. NEO SERIES for , By (p+g00s6,r+qsinB) I) circle © (4h 11) ctipse 19) hyperbola (TS Fameet 2019) 2) Ad BAL CA 4) Ad, Be IM, CV 1 AAV, BA, Cal 3) AAV, Bul, CA ‘The ends of a rod of length F moves on two ‘mutually perpendicular ines. The locus of the csi in the ratio point om the rod which di 1 1) 3x +4y 3) 4x +3y 2P 2) 9x +16y" =P =6F 4) 98436)" =4P A point p moves om the line 2x —y + 4=0. IP O11, 4) and K(3,~2) are fixed points, then the locus of the centroid of APOR is a line Mel to x axis DP 2) with stope 2 3) with slope = 4) parallet to y axis, mnces from a variable points A(,0) and B01) (AP Famecet-2019) 2) 16x? + Ty? —64e—48y 3) 3e 4x-dy=0 DIG +38xy+7y? —4x—48y =0 42ay+3y A straight line meets the X and ¥ axes at the points A, B respectively. If AB=6 units, then the locus of the point P which divides the line segment AB such that AP:PB=2:1 is Hav+y=36 2» 4r+y'=36 Hav ey 16 yd ty =16 haitanya Jr. NEON Students] MATHSB, PART such that the distance from a point P to the line BC is equal to the geometric mean of the istances from P to the lines AB and AC, then the point Plies Dey tay he curve ° 28s 4 By-8=0 HAs ede + THO Ay 8E- TE + Dy 8 ° 23. A line moves such that the portion of intercepted between the coordinate axes is of ‘constant length a, then the locus of the mid point of that tine segment is 4 veya grey ee 4 24. The locus of point P(x, y) satisfying the equation Yor—2F +9 + Jee BF ty 4, is 1) an ellipse 2) aparabota 3) a line sepme 4) a circle 25, For any value of @ ifthe straight lines -xsin0 + (1~e0s®)y =asin® and xsin0—(L-+cosO)y +asinO=0 interseet at P(O), then the locus P(Q)is a 1) Stexight line 2) cincle 3) parabola 4) hyperbola 26. The locus given by Var ~ 2Any + 99" 1) pair of lines Oar + My +46 =0 is 2) cincle 3) parabola 4) Hyperbota (NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Student: s{ Locus] Second year Problems 27, ‘The equation x24y?-2e-4y-Sa represents 1) circle 2) pair of straight lines 3) ellipse 4) a point 28. The locus represented by the equation Bede tty 8205s 1) hyperbola 2) circle 3) ellipse 4) parabola 29, ‘The locus given by y+ ty -1= is D circle 2) hyperbola 3) ellipse 4) pair of Hines 30. ‘The locus of the point (a eosé x, b sive x } Cirle 2) Ellipse 3) Hyperbola 4) Parabola 31. A and B are fixed points. If |PA—PB| = K (constant) and AB then the locus of P is 1) Hyperbola 3) Parabo 2) an ellipse 4) a circle 33. The locus represented by the equation Deb 4 day —2yh 4 de ay 1) A reotangul hyperbola 2) a parabola 3) An ellipse 4) pair of tines 34. Ifthe distance of any point p(x, y) from the 4(P,Q)= max {}x—x\,|y~y)|} If Q is Fixed point (1, 2) and d(®, Q)=3 then the locus of P 2) straight tine da jangle [35] (Locus Tanswens} ‘ANSWERS 122 31 43 3 63 73 82 91 103 12 124 131 14a 152 1692 173 18)4 192 203 21)4 22) 293 -24)3° 25/2 26)3 27/1 28)4 292 90)3 311 92)2 39)1 343 (EXERCISE - and b,¥,.¥55 form two, Infinite A.P's with common difference p and q respectively then the locus of Put, &) when ke D ge- a) = yb) 2 plea) = gy) 3) ple ta) = giv D) 4 ply tay = qtr +d) 2. It the roots of the equation (of

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