lo / )' - ) - / l,,.t •Wf (JJ,r',J. . 1·· 1.11.

t,: ·

M
1
--~..-----♦------

1- S_p
**
2

PITOTSTATICS
---- d. 1 and 3.

7. · The alternative static sources Is u: ed:

a. To compensate the hyster.:s a:; of the aneroid capsule.
1. Concerning the pltot static system, the static pressure error:
b. To compensate the static pressure error.
a. Is a direct ef:ect of blockage of the static..ports.
c. When the drain holes freeze.
b. Is a direct effect of heating of the static ports.
d, When the static ports become blocked.
c. Affects the alternate static source only. 7

pf Is caused by disturbed airflow around the static ports.

8. In case of accidental closing of an aircraft's left static pressure port (rain, birds), the altimeter?
~ Over reads the altitude in case of a side-slip to the right and displays the correct information
2. The alternate static source of a light non-pressurised aeroplane Is located In the flight deck. When
during symmetric flight .
used the altimeter:
b. Keep on providing reliable reading in all situations .
.ii< Tends to over read .
c. Under reads the altitude.
b. Tens to under read .
-c-rYf Over reads the altitude in case of a sideslip to the ieft and displays the correct information
c. Is blocked.
during symmetric flight.
d . Ind icates zero.

3. The alternate static source of a light non-pressurised aircraft is located in the flight deck. When it
ffi If an aircraft Is equipped with one altimeter which Is compensated for position err0< and another
altimeter which is not, and all other factors being equal?
Is used, the static pressure sensed is likely to be:
a. A~ high speed the non-compensated altimeter will indicate a lowera~itude.
a . Lowerthan ambient pressu~e if QNH is greater than 1013 hPa .
b. There will be no difference between them if air data computer {ADC) is functioning ~ormally.
~ Lowerth2n ambient pressure due to aerodyn,?mic suction.
c. ATC will get an erroneous altitude report SSR.
c. Higher than ambient pressure due to aerodynamic suction.
,.d': At high speed, the non-compensated altimeter will indicate a higher altitude.
d. Higher than ambient pressure if QNH is greater than 1013 hPa .
10. In a non-pressurized aircraft, if one or several static pressc;re ports are damaged, there is an
4. The total pressure head comprises a mast which' moves Its port to a 'distance from the aircraft ultimate emergency means for restoring a practically correct static pressure intake?
skin in order. ,;, Breaking the rate-of climb indicator glass window .
a . To not disturb the aerodynamic flow around the aircraft. b. Slightly opening a window to restore the ambient pressure ir. the cabi:t.
Jr. To locate it outside the boundary layer. c. Descending as much as possible in order to fly at a pressure as close to 1013 .25 hPo a, p-:>s~lble .
c. To protect it from icing. d. Calculating the ambient static pressure, allowing for the altitude and QNH and adjus::n s th:
d . To make it easily accessible during maintenance. instruments.

S. The open ended tube parallel to the Iongitudlnal axl~ of the aircraft senses the: 11. The altimeter consists of one or several aneroid capsules located in a sealed casing. The pressures
pt Tota I pressure. In the aneroid capsule (I) and casing (ii) are respectively?
b. Static pressure. a. (i) Static pressure (ii) Total pressure.
c. Dynamic pressure. .b., {i) Vacuum (or very low pressure) (ii) Static pre~sure.
d . Total pressure plus'static pressure . c. (i) Static pressure at time t (ii) Static pressure at time mt - t.
d. (i) Total pressure (ii) Static pressure.
6 . Concerning the pltot and static system, the static pressure error varies according to:
1. Altimeter setting. 12. The atmospheric pressure at FL 70 In a "standar~ + ~O" atmosphere Is?
2. Speed. ,.,a.-: 781 .85 hPa.
3. Angle of attack. b. 942.13 hPa .
1013 .25 hPa .
The combination regrouping all of the correct statements is:
d. 6-:~.<ll hPa .

,,.a. 2 ;,r.d 3 .
13. Thearm Is by definition the value of the?
b. 1 and 2 .
a. Altimeter setting so that t~e ~ ee,oi~s indicate ,e,,.i whe n t~-~ ai ~: raft is on ground at th~ loca:rJ ~
c. l , 2and3 .
for whic h it is p.,-~·11ded . "' ~ /- ~
 ----------

b. Atmosphere pressure at the level of the Rround over flown by the aircraft.
Th• ,1t,oo, of the "'"'"' ,tmmphern o, wh<h th• d,,s,V • ••"' Ito th, ,ct.,.l d,,.,:\
p Altimeter setting so that the needles of the altimeter indica_te the altitude of the location for the atmosphere.
b. The temperature altitude corrected for the difference between the real temperature and t~e
which it is given.
d. Atmospheric pressure at the sea level of the location for which it is given. standard temperature.
c. The pressure altitude corrected fort he relative density prevailing at this point.
14. During a climb after take-off from a contaminated runway, If the total pressure probe of the d. The pressure altitude corrected for the densityofairatthis point.
airspeed Indicator ls blocked, the pilot finds that Indicated airspeed?
a. Decreases abruptly toward zero. 21. On board an aircraft the altlbJde Is measured from the?
)>.- Increases steadily. a. Standard altitude.
c. Increases abruptly toward VNE. .-.b:- Pressure altitude.
d. Decreases ~eadily. c. Density altitude.
d. Temperature altitude.
lS. With a pltot probe blocked due to Ice build up, the aircraft airspeed Indicator will Indicate In
descenta? 22. lfthe static source to an airspeed Indicator (ASI) becomes blocked during a descent the
a. Increasing speed. Instruments will?
b. Fluctuating speed. a. Read zero.
,..e:: Decreasing speed. b. Continue to indicate the speed applicable to that atthe time of the blockage.
d. Constant speed. ¥ Under-read.
fa Over-read.
16. After an aircraft has passed through a volcanic cloud which has blocked the total pressure probe
lnletofthe airspeed Indicator, the pllot beslns a stablllzed descent and finds that the Indicated 23. If the static source to an altimeter becomes blocked during a climb, the Instrument will?
airspeed? ~ Continue to indicate the reading at which the blockage occurred.
a. Increases steadily. .:Ir,' Under-read byan amount equivalent to the reading at the time thatthe instrument became
b. Decreases abruptly towards zero. blocked .
..s,.,---Decreases steadily. c. Over-read.
d. Increases abruptly towards VNE. d. Gradually return to zero.

17. The static pressure error of the static vent on which the altimeter Is connected varies 24. If the static source to an altimeter becomes blocked during a descent the Instrument wlll?
substantlallywlth the? a. Gradually indicate zero.
a. Static temperature. b. Under-read.
Jr. Mach number of the aircraft. c. Indicate a height equivalent to the setting on the millibar subscale.
c. Defonnatlon of the aneroid capsule. -of Continue to display the reading at which the blockage occurred.
d. Airaaft altitude.
25. A leak In the pltot pressure line of a non-pressurized aircraft to an airspeed Indicator would cause
t, 18. The pressure altitude ls the altitude corresponding? ltto? .
a. In standard atmosphere, to the reference pressure Ps. ,,y. Under-read.
b. In ambient atmosphere, to the pressure Ps prevailing at this point. b. Over-read.
y In standard atmosphere, to the pressure Ps prevailing at this point. c. Over read in a climb and under-read in a descent.
~ : In ambient atmosphere, to the reference pressure Ps. d. Under-read In a climb and over-read in a descent.

~ 19. The response time of a vertical speed detector may be Increased by adding a? 26. The pressure measured at the forward facing orifice of a pltot tube Is the?
..r.- Correction based on an accelerometer sensor. a. Tota I pressure plus static pressure .
b. Bi-metallic strip. b. Dynamic pressure.
~ Total pressure.
c. Return spring.
d. Second calibrated port. d. Static pressure.

27. The airspeed Indicator circuit consists of pressure sensors. The pilot tube directly supplies?
20. The density altitude Is?
_,;;r,
The total pressur e. 5
6
b. The static pressur e.
d. Total pressure .
-¥' The total pressur e and the static pressur e.
t The dynami c pressur e. 34. The operatin g principl e of the vertlcal speed Indicato
r (\/SI) Is baesd on the measure ments of the
rate of change of?
28.
- The error In altimet er rea di ng caused b Y the variatio n of the static pressur • a . Kinet ic pressure .
known as? e near the source Is ,.if. Static pressure .
~ Position pressur e error. c. Dynamic pressure .
b. Barome tric error. d. Total pressure .
c. Instrum ent error.
f Hystere sis effect. 35. If the static vents In an un-pres surlzed ijlrcraft become '
blocked ?
a . Breaking or opening the window s will e nable the altimete
r to functio n.
29.A pltot blockage of both the ram air Input and the b. Brea king or opening the window s will enable the ASI
drain hole with the static port open causes the to function .
airspeed Indicator to? _w. Brea king the front glas~~ fna ble the altimete r to
function .
a. Read a little high. ~ Only instrum ents fed from an ADC will functio
n.
b. Read a little low.
c. Freeze at zero. 36. Which of the following Is correct?
..d< Read like an altimete r. ~ P,ot = PStat + Po1 n
b. P 11ot = Poyn - Pstat,
30. A pltot tube covered by Ice which blocks the ram C. Payn= Prat· P1tot •
air inlet will affect the following lnstrum ents(s)?
a. Altimete r indicato r, altimete r and vertical speed indicato d. P,,ot = Ptot + P0yn,
r.
-e:- Airspeed indicato r only. ·
c. Altimeter only. ~ Entering ground effect Is llkely to?
d. Vertical speed indicato r only. a. Decrease static pressure but increase pitot pressure
.
J)r Decreas e pilot pressur e but increase static pressure
.
31. Given: Ts Is the static temper ature (SAT). y Increase position errors.
d. Decrease position errors.
Tt Is the total temper ature (TA n.
Kr Is the recover y coeffici ent.
M Is the Mach number . 38. If the pltot tube leaks and the pl tot drains are blocked
In an unpress urised aircraft?
a. The ASI will over indicate .
The total tempera ture can be express ed approxi mately
by t he formula? .J>· The ASI will under indicate .
c. The altimete r will under indicate.
a . Tt =Ts(l·0.2 M2).
d. The altimete r will over indicate .
_.b.... Tt = Ts(l+0.2 kr.M').
c. Tt = Ts/(1+0. 2 kr.M2) .
39. If the static tube and drains become blocked ?
d. Tt = Ts(l +0.2 M2).
a. The ASI will under indicate .
b. The ASI will ove r indicate.
32. The altimete r Is fed by?
pi" The ASI will unde r or over indicate depend ing on altitude
a. Differential pressure . .
d. The ASI will indicate zero.
.Js! Static pressure .
c. Dynamic pressure .
40. If the static tube and drains become blocked ?
d. Total pressure .
a . The altimete r will under indicate .
33. The vertical speed Indicato r (VSI) Is fed by ? b. The altimete r will indicate zero.
c. The altimete r will over indicate .
a. Differential pressure .
~
4. The altimete r will under or over indicate depend ing
Static pressure . on altitude .
c. Dynamic pressure .
41. The output data from the ADC are used by:
1 . Transpo nder.
 7
2. EFIS.
b. Measurements of outside air temperature (OAT).
3. Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS).
c. Measurements of elapsed time for a radio signal transmitted to the ground surface ar.~
~ (/ Measurements of absolute barometric pressure from a static source on the fuselage.
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is:

~2,3. 47. The advantages provided by an air data computer to Indicate the altitude are?
b. 1,3. 1. Positions/pressure error correction.
J;,- 1,2,3. 2. Hysteresis error correction.
d. 1,2. 3. Remote data transmission capability.
4. Capability to feed data at a larger number of instruments simultaneously.
42. The ADC uses the foll owing parameters as Input data:
a. Mach number, barometric altitude, CAS. The combination of correct statements is?
b. TAS, barometric altitude, TAT.
a. 1,2,3,4.
.,.e::- Static pressure, total pressure, TAT.
b. 1,2,3.
d . Total pressure, static pressure, TAT, EGT. l,3,4.
r

43. The ADC uses the foll owing parameters as Input data:
p Static pressure, total air pressure, total air temperature. 48. What advantages are provided by an ADC, compared to traditional pltot static systems?
· b. TAS, CAS, altitude, total air temperature. 1. Instruments lag is reduced or eliminated.
2. Positions error is automatically correct for.
~ Static pressure, total pressure only.
3. Compressibility error is automatically corrected for.
d. TAS, altitude, vertical sped, SAT.
4. A large number of instruments can be fed from one ADC.
5. It provides emergency altimeter following main system failure.
44. The data output from an ADClndude.
1. Barometric altitude. a. (1), (3), (4), (5).
2. Mach number. .,,.b, (1), (2), (3), (4).
3. CAS. c. (2), (3), (4), (5).
4. TAS.
5. SAT. 49. From where does the ADC obtain Its altitude data?
<ar Barometric information from the static pressure ports.
The combination that regroups a II of the correct statements is: b. Barometric pressure from the pitot probe.
c. The difference between pitot and static pressures.
a. 1,4. d. The time take for a radio signal to rebound from the earth.
b. 1,3,S.
~ 1,2,3,4,5., SO. What Inputs are fed to the ADO
d. 2,3,4. 1. AOA.
2. TAT.
45. An Air Data Computer (ADC)? . 3. OAT.
a. Measures position error in the static system and transmits this information to ATC to provide 4. Dynamic pressure.
correctaltitude reporting. . S. Static pressure.
-a:-- Transformers air data measurements into electric impulses driving seNo motors In instruments. 6. Total pressure.
c. Is an auxiliary system that provides altitude information in the event that the static source Is 7. AC electrical power.
. 8. Autopilot commands.
blocked.
d. Converts air data measurements eiven by ATC from the ground m order to provide correct
a. (1), (2), (4), (5), (7).
altitude and speed Information.
b. (1), (2), (4), (5), (7).
~ (1), (2), (5), (6), (7).
46 In An Air Dau Computer (ADC), aeroplane altitude Is calculated from?
• bet absolute and dynamic pressure at the fuselage.
a . The differences ween
..I 9 10

a. Allow damping of the measure ments in the unit,

1. The altimete r ls sub}ect to static-pr essure error. This error ~ - Reduce the hysteresis effect.
varies according to:
a. TAS and altimete r setting. p. Reduce the effect of friction in the linkages .
b. TASand OAT. d. Inform the crew of a failure of the instrume nts.
c. Angle of attack and OAT.
~ TAS and angle of attack. 9 _The vertical speed Indicato r of an aircraft flying at a true airspeed of 100 kt, In a descent with a

k 2. The altimete r Is subject to static pressure error. This error

~- Incorrec t pressure sensing caused by disturbance ofairflow
results from:
slope of 3 degrees , Indicate s?
a. •300 ft/min .
b. -150ft/m in.
around the static ports.
b. Imperfe ct elasticity of the aneroid capsule. c. •250 ft/min. ,..
c. Friction inside the instrume nts. ""'· -500 ft/min , 3° X I (7 O c;( ' 0 0 - J'ao
d. Cabin pressure slightly lower than outside air pressure due
to airflow overt he fuselage, _j.,, 10. The altitude indicate d on board an aircraft flying In an
atm '"liere where all atmosph ere layers
h..-,3. The servo-as sisted altimete r Is more accurate than a ~ below the aircraft are warm ls?
simple altimete r ~ecause the small
~ movem ents of: a. Equal to the standard altitude.
a. The pointers are detected by a very sensitive electro-magnetic b. Higher than the real altitude.
pick-off.
p.- The capsules are detected by a very se nsitive electro-magnetic pick:off. c. The same as the real altitude.
c. The capsu les are not taken into account.
d. The capsu les are inhibited.

4 . The hysteres is error of an altimete r varies substant

y. Time passed at a given altitude :
ially with the?
* ,Jl, Lower than the real altitude .

11. The primary factor which makes the servo-as sisted altimete
pressure altimete r Is the use of?
a. A sub-scal e logarithmic function .
r more accurate than the simple

b. Mach number of the a ircraft. ,...b"'.' An induction pick-off device .

c. Aircraft altitude. c. More effective tempera ture compen sating leaf springs .
d. Static tem~e rature . d. Combination of counter s/p?inte rs.

5. When flying from a sector of warm air into one of colde_r air, 12. What will happen to the altimete r reading In a right sldeslip
the altimete r wi! I? , If an airc raft has a statlt. vent at each
a. Under read . of the fuselage , but the left one Is blocked ?
b. Be just as correct as before. a. Over read.
c. Show the actual he ight above ground. )>. Under read.
¥ Over read. c. No change .
d. Depends on altitude .
6. At sea level, on a typical servo altimete r, the toleranc e In
feet from Indicate d must not exceed?
,;,(' +/-60fee t. 13. From what Is true altitude derived ?
b. +/•7 5 feet. _.a . Pressure altitude .
,JJt- +/-30 feet. b. Density altitude.
d. +f-70 feet. c. Temper ature altitude.
d. Difference between total pressure and static pressure .
7. The altitude Indicate d on board an alrcraftf lylns In an atmosph
layers below the aircraft are cold Is?
a. Equal to the standard altitude .
ere where all the atmosph ere
-k 14. What Is QNH?

b. Lowe r than the real altitude.

a. Ambient ~ s~ e ~ U ~S!l,rfiel~, ~ P&
b. Sea leve r pressure based on ambien t pressure at the airfield
c. The same as the rea l altitude. .
, " Sea level pressure
it. Higher than the real altitude.
d. Sea level pressure in the !SA. tQN I:;=-
.Jt!s. The purpose of the vlbr,tln s device of an alti meter Is to?
~ 1S. What Is QNH?
y. ~ient ~reswce a.w,i.,I. ~
 11

b. The pressure to be set on the altimeter subscale to obtain an indicat ion of zero on the runway. ~
c. The pressure to be set on the altimetersubscale to obtain a reading of the pressure altitude of
F(:- c. A differential capsule sensing pitot and static pressures.
d. A bellows sensing temperature and static pressure.
the runway. ~ NE
~ e pressure to be set on the altimetersubscale to obtain densityaltltude when on the runway. *23. If pressure altitude Is 30000 ft, Indicated TAT Is -10, mach number Is 0.82, what Is the d~~
altitude? Cf.- '3 , Li I• (,
16. What Is the true altitude of an aircraft Ifits altimeter Indicated 16000 ft when the ambient a. 31000ft. Al nr fe' :>f7 p. '\ ,,
temperature was -30° C1 A AJ.. · , ) b. 30472ft. ~- ? 'yt.,Q-t" ....-/
a. 15200 tt. '1 A»-- Mi- ± . 4°/• -1:
'T 1viA { I '- c. 30573 ft.
b. 15400ft.
c. 16200ft.
j ; JCe,o O
1', oo@ '""' ;..;;.....rir '.l
t
k _;r 1 $ ~ d. 30674ft.

d. 16400ft. \ c, ~ )(' ,~ -Ji .,C, :,_ \':t•C, ,k-24. lfQNH ls999 hPa, what ls the pressure altitude atan elevation of25000 ft?
--:.- l 5 I ( 8 1'V ~ .(.,,•I . .f.'3;-J ..1 u ~ a. 25100ft.
17. Whatwlll happen to the Indicated altitude If a;a1rcraftln level flight passes Into aw, ~ ,.,,. b. 25200ft.
mass? c. 25300ft.
a. Over indicate. ft. 25400ft.
~ Under Ind icate.
c. Not change. 25. If pressure altitude Is 22800 ft, at an elevation of 22000ft, what Is QNH?
d. Remain constant only if above the tropopause. .Y. 985 hPa.
b. 976 hPa .
18. What Is density altitude? c. 1034 hPa.
;t: Pressure altitude corrected for ambient temperature. d. 1026 hPa.
b. True altitude.
c. Pressure altitude corrected for density changes. 26. If field elevation 1s4000 ftamsl and QNH ls900 mb, what ls the pressure altitude?
d. True altitude corrected for density changes. jt( 7390.
b. 6390 .
..Jr 19. What will happen If an aircraft has two altimeters, one of which Is compensated for position c. 610.
. error,whllsttheotherlsn ot? , f) . , /1 d. 5540.
1,,/. One will over read at high airspeeds. \I v ' ~ ~ ~
l (\ , - ·· I
b. One will under read at high airspeeds.
,::?"
0 V e>i, oJ/llt/J. V ,--.:-:,.o\~~---· Jr 27. If field elevation Is 3500 ft amsl and QFE Is 1020 mb, what Is the pressure altitude?
One will under read close to the ground. Ltf!p a. 210.
d. The ADC will compensate automatically, so both with read correctly. - -- - ~. - __ - .If. -210.

20. Why are vibrators sometimes fitted In altimeters?

C,~d. 4/lJ., PaM ~ c. 3710.
•.JJ>, 'fl/ d. 3290.
,r- Overcome friction . >..rLJ.J ~ ~ ,:{ hvio
b. Overcome inertia .
c. Overcome hysteresis. i ,M~ p: ~ Yead .
4\ 28. If pressure altitude Is 3700 ft amsl and QNH Is 1000 mb. What Is field elevation?
L 3310
d. Reduce lag. y\ JIii /ytJJ; ~ ffeyf b. 3210.
C. 390.
21. What will happen to altimeter Indication If an aircraft In level flight enters a cold front? d. 490.
JK Over indication.
b. Under indication. ¼ 9. Density altitude Is?
c. No change. ..a:'" The altitude at which the existing density would occur in ISA.
d. No change above the tropopa use. b. The density at which the existing temperature would occur in the ISA.
c. The elevation at which the existing density would occur in the ISA.
.1f 22. A barometric altimeter comprises of? d. The pressure altitude corrected for density deviation .
~ ,,[Link] aneroid capsule sensing static pressure.
b. An aneroid capsule sensing pitot pressure.
 I
13 14

30. The pr~ssure altitude of the field can be found by?

1',,, 38. At pressure altitude lnaeases?
a. Setting QNH on the altimetersubscale.
~ a. Temperature decreases. ,
b. Setting QFE on the altimetersubscale. b. Temperature increases.
-e: Setting 1013 mb on the altimetersubscale. c. Temperature increases then remains constant.
d. From an ADC only. .JI.. Temperature decreases then remains constant.

t ~ If field pressure altitude ls S000 ft amsl and OAT is 2S°C, what is the density altitude? 39. At a fixed pressure altitude Increases in temperature will?
---a. 5000 + 118(2S • {15- (5 x 1 .98))) = 7348.2 ft. a-: Decreases density but increases density altitude.
b. 5000 - 118(25 - (15 + {5 x 1 .98))) = 4988.2 ft. b. Decrease density altitude .
C. 5000 + 118(25 + (15 • (5 X 1.98))) = 8551.8 ft . c. Not density altitude.
d . 5000 · 118(25 + {1S + (5 x 1.98))) = 10888.2 ft. d. Increase density but de~rease density altitude.

32. lfQFE is 1022 hPa what lst_h e pressure altitude of the field? 40. What will happen to the altimeter reading In a right sldesllp, If an aircraft has a static vent at each
a. 270ftamsl. side of the fuselage, but the right one Is blocked?
-IC -270ftamsl. ~ Over read .

c. 30660 ft a msl. b. Under read .

d. 500 ft amsl. c. No change.
d. Depends on altitude.
33. If QNH Is 1000 hPa and field elevation is 4S00 ft amsl, what Is QFE?
.a . 850 hPa. * 4 1 . What will a cabin alt imeter read with QFE set .
b. 163 hPa . a. The same as with QNH set.
c. -850 hPa . 9(' Height AGL.
d. 900 hPa . c. Height above sea level.
d. Field elevation when on the runway.
~ 34. Pressure altitude is?
~ a. The altitude above sea level. * 42. The altimeter of a~ aircraft with a static pressure source on each side of the fuselage win ....... If
b. The altimeter indicat ion when QFE is set on the sub-scale. one becomes blocked?
c. The altimeter indication when QNH is set on the subscale. a. Over read when side slipping.
,iY. The altimeter indication when 1013.25 hPa is set on the sub-scale. )>: Over read when side slipping t owards the blocked source .
c. Over read when side slipping towards the clear source .
...J:r3s. Which of the following cause air density to decrease? d. Under read when side slipping .
.a( Increasing humidity, increasing altitude, increasing temperature .
b. Increasing hum idity, increasing altitude, decreasing temperature . 43. A servo altimeter is .... It employs an electrical pick-off?
c. Increasing humidity, decreasing altitude, increasing temperature. ::?· More accurate because ...... ..
d. decreas ing humidity, increasing altitude, decreasing temperature. b. Less accurate because ...... .. ..
c. Less reliable because .......... ..
,A, 36. If QNH changes from 1013 hPa to 1022 hPa this will? d. More reliable because ...... .. ..
,,;Y-l a. Increase f ield elevation .
b . Decrea se fi eld e levat ion . 44 . What will happen to the altimeter reading If an aircraft flying at a fixed heading meets a colder
JY. Not affect field elevation . air mass?
d . Decrease QFE. a. Read less than t rue altitude .
..Y. Read more than true altitude .
37. If QFE chang es from 1013 hPa to 1022 hPa will? c. Read zero.
a . Increase f ield elevat ion . d. Reading will not be affected
b. Not affect QNH.
,c. Increase QNH. 45. What Is the true altitude of an airc raft fly ing at 16000 ft Indicated altitude with an OAT of -16
d. Decrease QNH. degrees C?
 15
RADIO ALTl METERS
a. 13200ft.
b. 14200ft.
c. 16050 ft.
1 _During the approach, a crew reads on the radio altimeter the value of 650 ft. This Is an lndkall<lll
d. 16200ft. of~~~ .
a. Height of the lowest wheels with regard to the ground at any time.
46. From where does the ADC obtain altitude data? b. Height of the a ircraft with regard to the ground at a_ny t ime.
a. Radio altitude. c. Height of the aircraft with regard to the runway.
~ OATsources. d. Altitude of the aircraft.
,..,r! Barometric altitude source.
d. Dynamic minus total pressure. 2. For most radio altimeters, when a system error oca,rs during approach the?
a. Height indication is removed.
47. True altitude Is obtained from ..,._ on board an aircraft? b. DH lamp flashes red and the audio s ignal sounds.
a. Density altitude. c. DH la mp flashes red.
b. Temperature altitude. d. Audio warning signal sounds.
5/' Pressure altitude.
d. International standard altitude. 3. A radio altimeter can be defined as a?
a. Ground radio aid used to measure the true he ight of the aircraft.
b. Ground radio aid used to measure the true altitude of the aircraft.
48. What Is density altitude?
c. Self-contained on-board aid used to measure the true height of the aircraft.
'j:; Pressure altitude corrected for density. d. Self-contained on-board aid used to measure the true altitude of the aircraft.
b. Temperature altitude corrected for density.
c. Temperature altitude corrected for pressure. 4. The data supplied by a radio altimeter?
sJ< Pressure altitude corrected for temperature. a. Indicates the distance between the ground and the aircraft.
b. Concerns only the decision height.
49. How wlll altimeter reading be affected If the layers of air below an aircraft are colder than the c. Is used only by the radio altimeter indicator.
standard temperature? d. Is used bythe automatic pilot in the altitude hold mode.
a. Read true altitude, only the a ir above matters.
b. Read zero. S. The operating frequency range of a low altitude radio altimeter Is?
_.,C Read higher than true. a . 2700 MHz to 2900 MHz.
b. 5GHz.
d. Readlowerthantrue.
c. 4200 MHz to 4400 MHz.
d. 5400MHzor9400MHz.
-:/!{[Link] wlll altimeter reading be affected If the static vent pipe becomes blocked?
a. Read true altitude, only the air a t ve matters. 6. Modern low altitude radl o altimeters emit waves In the foll owl 111 frequency band?
Jr: Readingwillfreeze. / a. HF (High Frequency).
c. Read higherthan true. 1 • b. UHF (Ultra High Frequency) .
d. Read lower than true. c. SHF (Super High Frequency).
d. VLF (Very Low Frequency).

7. The operation of the radio altimeter of a modern aircraft Is based on?

a . Pulse modulation of the carrier wave.
b. A combination offrequency modulation and pulse modulation.
c. Frequency modulation of the carrier wave.
d. Amplitude modulation of the carrier wave.

8. In low altitude radio altimeters height measurement (above ground) Is based upon?
a. Atria ngular amplitude mod·ulation wave, for which modulation phase shift between transmitted
and received waves after ground reflection is measured.
b. A frequency modulation wave, for which the frequency variation between the transmitted wave
I and the received wave after ground reflection is measured
c. A_ pulse trans~lssion, for which time between trans miss lo~ and reception Is measured on a
cin:u1arstannmg screen. .
d. A wave transmission, for which the frequency shift by DOPPLER effect after ground reflection Is
17

b. Pressure altitude.
c. Density altitude.
d. Height above terrain .
18

measured.
17. The failure of the radio altimeter would cause7
a. Loss of pressure altitude data.
9. The aircraft radio equipment which emits on a frequency of 4400 MHz Is the7 b. Loss of density altitude data.
a . Weather radar. c. Loss of altitude data.
b. Primary radar. d. Loss of height data.
c. Radio altimeter.
d. High altitude radio altimeter. 18. A radio altimeter has a maximum effective height because7
a. M. greaterheightsthesignalwill be too weak.
10. A radio altimeter ls7 b. M. greater heights the signal will be undetectable.
a. Aircraft based and indicates true altitude. c. M. greater heights the signal will be absorbed by moisture in the air.
b. Aircraft based and indicates pressure altitude. d. M. greater heights signal from different modulation cycles will overlap.
c. Aircraft based and indicates true height
d. Ground based and employ microwaves. 19. Radio al ti meters work on the principal of7
a. Frequency modulation.
11. Radio altimeters are based on the principle of7 b. Amplitude modulation .
a. Frequency modulated carrier wave. c. Pulse modulation.
b. Pulse modulated carrier wave. d. Pulse and amplitude modulation.
c. Amplitude modulated carrier wave.
d. Continuous wave. 20. Radio altimeters employ7
a. FM.
12. For the landing configuration a radio altimeter indicates? b. AM.
a. Height of the aircraft above the ground. c. Pulsed FM.
b. Height of the flight deck above the ground. d. Pulse modulation.
c. Height of the main wheel above the ground.
d. Altitude. 21. Radio altimeters are accurate only within the height range?
a. Zero to 50 ft .
13. Low altitude radio altimeters operate on the .......... wavelength7 b. Zero to 500 ft.
a. Metric. c. 50 ft to 2700 ft.
b. Decimetric. d. Zero ft to 2. 500 ft.
c. Centimetric.
d. Millimetric.

14. If there Is a fault in the system the radalt display will?

a. Needle will disappear and an a la rm flag will appear, possibly accompanied by an audio warning.
b. Freeze.
c. Turn red and activate an aural warning.
d. Turn red and activate visual and aural warnings .

15. A radio altimeter measures?

a. True Altitude.
b. Pressure altitude .
c. Height above sea level.
d. Height above the ground or water over which the aircraft is flying.

16. A RADALT provides?

a. Radio altitude.
 19
d. Become inaccurate due to aircraft attitude changes.

9. WhatshouldtheVSI Indicate when an aircraft on a 3 degree allde slope ls flying at lOOKtslt.s1

1. The alternate static source In a Haht non-pressurised aircraft Is In the fllaht deck. As the alternate a. 224 fpm descent
source Is opened, the vertical lndlcatDr may: b. 324 fpm descent.
a. Indicate a high rate of descent. c. 424 fpm descent.
b. Indicate a slight momentary descent. d. 524 fpm descent.
c. Indicate a momentary climb.
d. Be blocked. 10. The response rate of a VSI can be Improved by fitting a?
a. Accelerometer system.
2. If 1he pilot pipe becomes partly blocked? b. Choke system.
a. The VSI indication will be too low when climbing. c. Bl-meta lie compensator.
b. The VSI will be too low when descending. d. Return spring.
c. The VSI will not be affected.
d. The VSI will be too low when descending and too high when climbing.

3. If 1he mtlc pipe becomes partly blocked?

a. The VSI indication will be too high when descending.
b. The VSI indication will be too high when accelerating.
c. The VSI indication will be too low when climbing or descending.
d. The VSI indication will be unaffected.

4. VSI lag Is reduced by?

a. Two dash pots responding to acceleration.
b. Two return springs.
c. Bl-metallic strips.
d. Electronic systems.

5. If 1he choke In the VSI becomes partly blocked?

a. The VSI indication will be too high when climbing.
b. The VSI indication will be too low when descending.
c. The VSI indication will be too high at all times.
d. The VSI indication will be too hi&h when climbing or descending.

6. The correct action to be taken when the static vent blocks on an unpressurised aircraft Is to?
a. Breakthe VSI glass.
b. Use the standby static source.
c. calculate ROC using mathematically.
d. Open a window to equalize pressures.

7. AVSI?
a. Produces an output proportional to ambient pressure.
b. Measures the difference between total pressure and static pressure.
c. Measures the difference between the pressure inside and outside a capsule .
d. Measures only dynamic pressure.

8. As an alraaft moves dose to the ground durlrw a landlna the VSI mlaht?
1. Become inaccurate due to ground effect.
b. Become Inaccurate due to turbulence.
c. Stick due to loss of pitot source.
 21
22

l. in case of static port blockage, the airspeed Indicator: 8. Fromw hatlsV Mo~lc ulated ?
a. Over reads in a tlimb and under reads in a. T/\S,
a desce nt. -
b . Under reads in a desce nt only. ,....V. EAS ..
~ Under reads in a climb and over reads ,t CAS
in a desce nt.
d . Over reads in a climb only. d, RAS.

l. The altern ate static source of a light non-p 9. What will be the effect If the drain hole
ressurised aerop lane Is located In the flight and pltott appln g In~ pltot probe are blocke
used: deck. When static
source remains open? d, whllst the
· ·
a. The airspeed indicator tends to under read.
· · • ✓, The ASI will respond to ~hanges in pressure
altitude only.
X. The a irspeed indicator tends to over read. b. The ASI will not respond . · ·
c. It has no influence on airspe ed indicator c. The ASI will under read at all s peeds .
reading.
d. The airspeed Indicator indicates a consis d. The ASI will over read when accelerating
tent decreasing speed . , decelerating, climbing or descending.

3 . Given : 10. What do the upper and lower limits of

the yellow arc _on an ASI represent?
Pt= total pressure: a. VNE and VNo,
Ps = static pressure: .,¾ VNO and VNE•
Pd = dynamic pressure: c. VMO and VNE•
The airspeed indicator measur~s: d. VNO and VMo,

a. Ps- pt. 11. If the pitot source and drain becom e

b. Pt-pd . blocked by Ice when in cruise flight, how will the ASI
respond when descending?
c. Pd - ps. a. ltwiil [Link] read . • ·
,JY. Pt-ps . b. It will over read.
c. It will read zero in all cond~ions.
4. The limits of the green scale of an airspe ,,,,r. It will remain fixed at the read ing at whic h it becam
ed indicator of light prope ller aircraft are:
._r.VSI and VNO. • e blocked .
• l
b. VSI and VMO . j 11#i2. At msl in the ISA?
~ ai
c. VSO and VNE . 7 \ /.CA S=TA S.
d. VSI and VN E. ">t( IAS=TAS. 7nS l I V~=o/
c. IAS = EAS.
5. On the airspeed indicator of a twin engine
ae roplane, the blue radial line corresponds
to:
d. CAS < TAS. ~p ---- 0 ' p, ft 0
a. Best si ngle engine rate of climb.
)>,""S ingle engine ho lding speed . • 13. In an ASI system, what does the pitot
-7" AS ~O £
c. Minimum gro und control speed . probe measure?
/. Total .pre ssure. ' .
d. VNE . .
b. Dynam ic _pressure.
c. Static pressure .
6. What does th e "barbe r's pol e" used
on some AS l's indicate? d. Ambient pr~ssure.
'Y(' MMO, .
b. V,.E,
l\. !.4, What does the blue line on a twin
c. TAS. V ('l -0 V/~ AU C9"c., T~ p ~ a. VxSE ,
engine piston aircraft ASI indicate?
.)/ Temperat ure and V,.o. b. VNO,
c. V~ .
7. What speed is VNo?
JY. VYSE,
...r.-"i hat which ma y only be e xceed ed with
caut ion and in still air.
,.i( That wh ich ma y never be exFee de d. 15. What are indicated by the lower and
c. Thill wh ich may be exceed ed on ly in e merge upper ends of the white arc on an ASI?
ncies. a. v~ and VrE,
d. The maximum at which full y cont rol deflec
tion is possible wit hout ovem re ssing th e airc .,b:' V$O and
VFE ,
st ructur e. raft
c. Vrc and Vro.
d. V,r and V"L,
••
 23

d. CAS increases.

16. Vn ls the? 24. When descending through an Inversion at constant CAS?

a. Maximum speed at which the aircraft ~ pe_rmitted to fly with,![Link] e~ended. a. TAS increases.
,..b-- Maximum speed at wh!ch the flaps can be exte ~ded or ret~~ed . b. Mach number increases.
c. The minimum speed for flaps up flight. c. Mach number remains constant.
d. The maximum speed for flaps up flig~t. _.;V,' TAS decreases.

17. What will be the effect on the ASI If the pltot tube of an unpressurised aircraft Is fractured and 25. When descending through an Inversion at constant mach number?
the pltDt drain Is blocked? a. TAS increases. I\.
a. It will over read. \.1v' TAS decreases . V
~ ltwlll under read.
')< TAS remains constant.
I
~twill give a constant reading. ~ CAS decreases.
d. ltwill read zero at all speeds.
26. When climbing through an Inversion at constant mach number?
!_is. At any given weight or altitude, an aircraft will always [Link] at the same?
,,~ /cAS.
a. CAS increases. A,
b. LSS decreases. - e- MG! cl, ; '"T~ S
X TAS. c. TAS remains constant.
c. Ground speed .
~ TAS increases.
d. EAS.
27. When descendll)g through an lnversl on at constant CAS?
19. CASls?
a. TAS increases.
a. EAS corrected fo r position error and compressibility error.
,..b, TASdecreases.
Y, IAS corrected for position error and instrument error.
c. TAS remains constant.
c. TAS corrected for instrument error and ram effect.
d. Mach number increases.
d. IAS corrected for density error and position error.
28. When descending through an Isothermal layer at constant TAS?
20. When descending from FL400 and attempting to maintain maximum groundspeed, airspeed will
a. Mach number increases.
be limited by?
a. VNE then VMJ,
b. VNO then VNf..
b. Mach number decreases.
~ ~ ach number remains constant.
·
jJ
c. ,"\ 1"

d. CAS decreases. -
~ MMOthen VMJ.
d. Vwo then MMo,
29. When descending through an Isothermal layer at constant CAS?
21. What wlll happen to TAS when descending through an Isothermal layer at constant CAS? a. Mach number increases.
, tr. Mach number decreases .
~ C,.. \~i
...w"' Decrease.
. c. Mach number remains constant .
b. lnaease.
d. TAS increases.
c. Rema in constant. .,. C
d. Decrease then increase.

22. When descending through an Inversion at constant TAS?

AC' Mach number Increases. .- er
-r
30. When climbing through an Isothermal layer at constant CAS?
/ ,Mach number increases.
b. Mach number decreases.
c. Mach number remains constant.
llt
l, ,
b. Mach number decreases.
d. TAS decreases.
c. Mach number remains constant.

ti
d. CAS decreases.
31. When climbing through an Isothermal layer atconstantm ach number?
a. CAS Increases. Mi
23. When dlmblng thr~h an Inversion at constant TAS?
a. Mach number increases. Y, CAS decreases.
c. CAS remains constant.
,>r Mach number decreases.
d. TAS decreases.
c. Mach number remains constant.
 f" 11,th .[Link];,
()L - Vfs I 26

32. When descendin g throu h an Isot h ermal layer at constant CAS?

~LSS . g AIRSPEEDS
.-: increases .

~~T
b. LSS decreases .
1. Maintaining CAS and fllghtlevel constant, a fall In ambient temperatu
re results In:
c. LSS re ma ins constant.
d . TAS increases., a. LowerTAS because air density decreases.
b. Higher TAS because air density decreases ,
c. Higher TAS because a Ir density increases.
33. When ~limbing through an Isotherma l layer at constant CAS?
~ -AS increases. · , C, , ,vi /I d. Lower TAS because air density increases.
/ I
TAS decreases .
1VY
1
2. The EAS Is obtained from the CAS by correcting for:
c. TAS remains constant.
d . Mach number decreases . 1 a. Instrument s error.

34. When descendin g through an Isotherma l layer at constant CAS?

a . TAS increases.
_.b./TAS decreases .
{_r_
'Y
IJ / • -, 1
b.
c.
d.
Compressibility error.
Density error.
Position error.

c. TAS remains constant. 3. When climbing at a constant CAS in standard atmospher e :

)/
d. Mach number increases. a. TAS decreases .
b. TAS remains constant.
35. If pressure remains constant as temperatu re increases?
i~crease .
c. TAS increases.
a. Density will increase, causing the CAS : TAS rati; to d. TAS first decreases, then remains constant above the tropopause .
b. Density will increase, ca using the CAS: TAS ratio to decrease.
c. Density will decrease, causing the CAS: TAS ratio to increase. 4. During a climb at a constant CAS below the tropopaus e In the standard
atmospher e:
d. Density will decrease, ca using the CAS : TAS ratio to decrease. a, The Mach number and the speed of sound decrease.
b. The Mach number decreases and the speed of sound increases .
36. If the pltot pipe becomes partly blocked? The Mach number increases and the speed of sound decreases .
c.
a. The IAS reading will be too low when climbing. number and all sped of sound increase.
d. The Mach
b. The IAS reading will be too low whe~ descendin g.
c. The IAS reading will be too low at all times. atmospher e :
too high when climbing. 5. During a descent at constant CAS below the tropopaus e In standard
~ The IAS reading will be too low when descendin g and
a. Mach number and TAS decrease.
37. lfthe pitot pipe becom es~ blocked? b. Mach number and TAS increase .
•a. The lAS will be too high when descendin g. c. Mach number and decreases and TAS increases.
~ The IAS will be too high when acceleratin g. d. Mach number and increases and TAS decreases.
I I
c. The IAS will be too low at a II times.
/ . The IAS will be too low when acceleratin g. 6. The CAS Is obtained from the IAS by correcting for the following errors:
1 . Position.
38. If the static pipe becomes partly blocked? 2. Compressibility.
.P' The lAS and ROC will be too low when climbing. 3. Instrumen ts.
b, The lAS and ROC will be too low when descendin g. 4. Density.
c. The /AS and ROC will be too low at all times.
d. The /AS will be too low when descendin g and too high when climbing. The combinatio n that regroups a II of the correct statement s is:

39. If the static pipe becomes partly blocked? a. 1, 3.

✓. The lAS will be too high when descendin g at constant IAS. b. 3.
b. The /AS will be too high when acceleratin g at constant altitude. c. 1, 3, 4
c. The lAS will be too low at a II times. d. 2, 3, 4.
d . The lAS will be too low when accelerati ng at constant altitude .
maximum operationa l
7. Considerin g the maximum operationa l Mach number (MMO) and the
of a pressurize d aircraft begins his descent from a high flight level. In
speed (VMO), the captain
 order to meet his sched uled time of arriva 27
time of the desce nt. He wtll be llml ~? l he d dd
' e es to use the maxim um aroun d speed
a. Byth e MMO. at any
c. VFE for the lower limit and VNE for the
b. By the VMO in still air. upper limit.
d. VNO for the lower limit and VNE for the
upper limit.
c. Initially by the MMO, then by the VMO
d. Initially by the VMO th below a certai n flight i I
• en byt he MMO below a certai n flight eve . 15. Durlna a strala ht and uniform cllmb
, the pilot maintains a const ant calibrated
level. a. The Mach number Increases and the true airspeed lCAs)
airspeed (TAS) increa 1
8 . In a stand ard atmo sphe re and b, The Mach number increases and the true ses.
a Lo h t th I airspeed (TAS) is constant.
· wert an the true airsp eed a e sea evel, the calib rated airsp eed (CAS)
(TAS). Is? c. The Mach number is constant and the
true airspeed (TAS) is constant.
b. Equa l to the true airsp eed (TAS). d. The Mach number is constant and the
true airspeed (TAS) decreases.
c. Indep ende nt of the true airsp eed (TAS)
.
d. High er than the true airsp eed (TAS) 16. VLE Is the maximum?
.
9
- :n~: cons tant -lgh t, Irresp ectl ve of the airfie
ld altitu de, an aircra ft alway s takes off at the
a. Speed authorized iii flight.
b. Flight speed with landing gear down.
c. Speed at which the landing iear can be
operated with full safety.
a. Calib rated airsp eed. d. Speed with flaps extended in a given positi
on.
b. Grou nd speed .
c. True airsp eed. 17. VLO Is the maximum?
d. Equiv alent a irspe ed. a. Speed at which the landing gear can be
operated with full safety.
b. Flight speed with landing gear down.
10. The callb rated ~l~~peed (CAS) ~s obtai c. Speed with flaps exten ded in a given positi
ned by apply ing to the Indic ated airsp on.
a. A comp ressib ility and densi ty corre eed (IAS)? d. Cruising speed not to be exceeded excep
ction . t in still air with caution.
b. An instru ment and posit ion/p ressu
re error corre ction . 18. VNE Is the maxim um speed?
c. An anten na and comp ressib ility corre
ction . a. At which the flight controls can be fully deflec
d. An instr umen t and densi tycor rectio ted ,
n. b. With flaps extended in landing position.
c. Which must never be exceeded.
11. The velod ty maxi mum oper ating
(VMO ) Isa speed expressed In? d. Not to be excee ded except in still air and with
a . True airsp eed (TAS). caution.
b. Com puted airsp eed (COAS). 19. VNO Is the maximum speed ?
c. Calib rated airsp eed (CAS). a. Which must never be exceeded.
d. Equiv alent airsp eed (EAS) . b. At which the flight controls can be fully deflec
ted.
c. With flaps exten ded in landing position.
U. The llmlt s of the whltE scale of d. Not to be excee ded except in still air and
an airspeed Indic ator are? with caution .
a . VSI for the lowe r limit and VFE for
the uppe r limit.
b. \ISO for the lowe r limit and VLE for 20. For a ~nst ant Calibrated Airspeed {CAS)
the uppe r limit. and a level flight, a fall In ambient temp eratu
c. \/SI for the lowe r limit and VLE fort resul t In a? re wlll
he uppe r limit.
d. \ISO for the lowe r limit and VFE a. Lower True Airspeed (TAS) due to a decre
for the uppe r limit. ase in air density.
b. Lower True Airspeed (TAS) due to an
increase in air density.
13. The llmlt s of the gree n scale of an c. Higher True Airspeed (T AS) due to a decre
airspeed Indicator are? ase in air density.
a. \/Sl for the lowe r limit and VNE for the d . Higher True Airspeed (TAS) due to an
uppe r limit. Increase In air density.
b. \/Sl for the lowe r limit and VLO
fort he uppe r limit. 21. When climbing at a const ant Mach numb
c. \/Sl for the lowe r limit and VNO er below the tropo pause , In \SA conditions,
for the uppe r limit. the
Calib rated Airsp eed {CAS) will?
d. \ISO for the lowe r limit and VNO
for the uppe r limit. a . Decre ase.
b. Incre ase at a linear rate.
14. The llmlt s of the yello w scale
of an airspeed lnclc atar are? c. Remain const ant.
a. VLO for the lowe r limit • nd VNE
for the upper limit. d. Incre ase at an expon ential rate.
b. VLE for the lowe r limit and VNE forth
e uppe r limit.
 29 30
,
22. If the outside temperatur e at 35 000 feet Is -40' c, the local speed of sound Is?
a. 686 kt.
29. An aeroplane ls In steady descent below the tropopause In the ISA. The auto-thrott
b. 596 kt. le maintains a
constant calibrated airspeed. lf the total temperatur e remains constant, the Mach number?
c. 247 kt.
a . Increases if the static temperatur e ls lower than the standard temperatur e, decreases
d. 307 kt. if higher.
b. Decreases.
c. Increases.
23. When descending through an Isothermal layer at a constant Calibrated Airspeed
(CAS), the True d. Rema ins constant.
Airspeed (TAS) will?
a. Decrease. 30. An aeroplane Is In a steady climb. The auto-thrott le maintains a constant Mach
number. If the
b. Increase at a linear rate. total temperatur e remains constant, the calibrated airspeed?
c. Remain constant. a. Dec~eases if the static temperatur e is lower than the standard temperatur e, increases
if higher.
d. Increase at an exponential rate .
b. Decreases.
c. Increases.
24. In a steady climb with the auto-throttl e maintains a constant calibrated airspeed.
If the total d. Rema ins constant.
temperatur e remains constant, the Mach number?
a. Decreases.
b. Rema ins constant.
c. Decreases if the static temperatur e is lower than the standard
temperatur e .
d. increases.

25. The airspeed Indicator of a twin-engine d aircraft comprises different sectors and color
marks. The
blue line correspond s to the?
a. Maximum speed in operations, orVMO.
b. Optimum climbing speed w_ith one engine inoperative, or Vy.
c. Speed not to be exceeded, or VNE.
d. Minimum control speed, or VMC.

26. The airspeed Indicator of an aircraft is provided with a moving red and white hatched
pointer.
This pointer Indicates the?
a. Speed indicated on the auto-throttl e control box, versus temperatur e.
b. Speed indicated on the auto-throttl e control box versus altitude.
c. Maximum speed in VMO operation versus altitude.
d. Maximum speed in VMO operation, versus temperatur e.

27. VFE is the maximum speed?

a. At which the flaps can be operated.
b. With the flaps extended in take-off position .
c. With the flaps extended in a given position.
d. With the flaps extended in land in& position.

28. An airplane ls In steady descenL The auto-throt11 e maintains a constant Mach number.
If the
total temperatur e remains constant, the calibrated ailrspeed?
a . Rema ins constanL
b. Decreases if the static temperatur e is lower than the standard temperatur e, increases
if above .
c. Increases.
d. Decreases.
 31

MACH C T1""ol. 7. An aeroplane Is fl yins at FL300wlth

_.
a TAS of 470 knots In standard condLtlons. The Mach numbe,
_ -, -
Is:
1. If OAT Increases whilst maintaining constant CAS and flls:: el: / / CJ 4; f' a. 0.83.
a. TAS decreases. --- b. 0.53.
b. TASrernalnsconstant.
.,r. Machnumberre malnsconstant.
~: & ;vi -:.- TA1- ~ 0.80.
I/ ~ - ~ d. 0.82 .
d. Machnumberde creases. l"\- 7 I> LS
8. The Mach meter Is subject to position errors. This error concerns:
2. lfOAT decreases while maintaining constant CAS and flight level: / LS~ -:.. 31 •Cf .~JTh'i" a. Alternate static sources only.
a. Mach number increases. (;-- CA~ -;.. j_ -e V? b. Static ports only.
b. TAS increases. Z r/ c. Pitottubes only.
..,.c. Mach number remains constant. v d. Pitottubes and static ports .
d. TAS remains constant.
9. How wlll mach meter Indication respond If an aircraft Is flying at cons1ant CAS at f 1270 when It
3. The Mach meter Is subject to position error. This error varies according to: experiences a reduc·tlon In OATI
1. Angle of attack.
,r- No change.
2. OAT. b. Increase.
3. TAS. c. Decrease.
d. Increase or decrease depending on TAT.
The combination regrouping all of the correct option is:

a:- ~1, 3. 10. What Is the LSS at 30000 ft If ambient temperature Is -40° P
b. 3. a. 579 Kts. /
c. 1. b. 660 Kts.
d. 1, 2, 3. c. 584 Kts.
_A. 594Kts.

4. The Mach meter Is subject to position error. This error results from:
a. Incorrect pressure sensing caused by disturbance ofairflow around the pitottube or the static 11. Which of the followlng best defines Mach number?
ports. .,a< The ratio ofTAS:LSS.
b. Imperfect elasticity of the aneroid capsule. b. The ratio of LSS:TAS.
c. lncorrectattime ter setting. c. The ratio of CAS:LSS.
d. Non standard atmosphere conditions. d. The ratio of ambient density to that at msl in the ISA.

12. A mach meter comprises of?

5. The Mach number Is subject to position errors. The value of this error varies according to:
a. OATonly. a. A combination of ASI and altimeter.
b. A combination of VSI and altimeter.
b. TASand OAT.
c. An ASI with its scale marked in mach numbers.
c. TAS only.
d. An altimeter with its scale marked in mach numbers.
d. TAS and angle of attack.

13. What Is the LSS at 40000 ft In the ISA?

6. An aeroplane Is flying at FL140, with a CAS of 260 knots In standard conditions. The mach mmber
a. 542 Kts.
Is: - ~ '.") - , 'J
' I\..,,.- , (' • b. 660 Kts.
a. 0.53. / ~.,;
~
I""· 0.41. - 11_,,Y
1
~
; / 573 Kts.
d. 550 Kts.
c. 0.43. C'f-3 ()
JY. 0.51. CAs-12 ,0 14. How wlll mach meter Indication vary In a constant CAS cllmb1

o~T-1 - IJ G 0 a. Increase.

~.w -7 140 o o
7
b. Decrease.

_h -7 ., 5o,
.' /
I
r "':
c. Incre ase then rem .
rema in cons ta nt. ain cons tant.

15 - Wha t Is th e lSS at msl ISA?

33

22. What happ ens t o mach meter lndlca ti on In a const ant RAS cllmb?
> Increases.
b. Decreases.
c. Increases then remains constant.
ion or isothermal Iayer.
34

a. 600 Kts d. Increases unless in an invers

b. 550 Kts .
23. What would happe n If the static pi pe becam e detach ed from the back of a mach meter in a
c. 750 Kts. press urised aircra ft at high altitude?
_,..g,-- 661K ts. ..,,. Unde r read .
b. Over read .
16. Mac h mete r Indic ation s? c. No effect
tempe rature .
a. v Vary with . eed and t empe ratur e.
airsp d. Unde r read or over read depen ding on
Ji.-
ary only with airsp eed.
ft climbs at const ant
aircrase.
If anIncrea TAS from FL 200 to FL 4 oo th e mach meter Indication will?
c. Vary only with temp eratu re 24. a.
d. Vary with ·
· dens ity and altitu de.
b. Decrea se .
flying at Increa se then rema in consta nt.
r indic ation resp ond If an a ·rrcra ft passe s throu gh a cold front when
,,,£'.
mach
will CAS
Howtant
17. cons mete
and altitu de? d. Decre ase then remain con stant.

a . Incre ase. ~ 5. A mach mete r Is made up of?

b. Decr ease . ( a. An altim eter with a densi ty capsule.
_s;,, ' Rem a in cons tant ,;ff. An ASI with an altitu de capsu le.
g on altitu de. c. A VSI with a modified scale.
d. Incre ase or decr ease depe ndin
d. An ASI with a modified sea le.
static sourc e beco mes block ed?
ond In a cons tant CAS climb if the
18. aHowl will the mach mete r resp
26. VMo ls calcu lated based on?
ncre ase.
.
~ TAS.
J,. Decr ease .
b. RAS.
c. Rem a in cons tant'.
g on airsp eed. C. CAS.
d . Incre ase or decr ease depe ndin
d . EAS.
static sourc e beco mes block ed?
ond in a cons tant TAS climb if the
19. How will the mach mete r resp
27. Mach numb er Is the ratio of?
a. Incre ase. a . IAS :TAS.
Y. Decr ease. b. CAS:LSS.
c. Rem a in cons tant. .,Jr. TAS:LSS.
ing on airsp eed .
d. Incre ase or decr ease depe nd d . RAS:TAS.
climb If the static sourc e beco mes ed the mach meter will ......... as an aircra
ft cl imbs?
ond In a cons tant mach num ber 28. If the static sourc e becom es block
20. How will the mac h mete r resp
~~
Over indica te.
bloc ked? te .
b. Unde r indica
a . Incre ase.
c. Not indic ate.
..)1. Decr ease . d. Freez e. indication will
c. Rem a in cons tant. at const ant CAS at FL 200, the mach meter
g on airsp eed . _ If temp eratu re decre ases when flying
d . Incre ase or decr ease depe ndin
29 .... ?
. ..... and the true mach numb er will
r are Inde pend ent of? increa se .
21. The Indic ation s on a mac h mete a. Incre ase decre ase .
a. Dyna mic pres sure . b. Decre ase
Y, Amb ient temp eratu re.
c. Stati c pres sure .
d . Tota l pres sure
-- - -
r.
35
. sure) , static pressure.
/4 The ratio of (pitot pressure. sta!ic pres .
A. Not change not change. c The ratio of static pressure to dynamic pressure.
d. Not change increase. d·. The ratio of (static pressure + pitot pressure) : pitot pressure.

30. Mach meter lndlai11ons7 38• Mach r:neter Indications are

derived from?
a. Are temperature related . a. (Pr • Ps)/Pr,
b. Increase wth temperature. b. (Ps • Pr)/Ps.
c. Decrease with temperature . y (Pr • Ps)/ Ps,
,.d< Are independent of temperature. d. (Ps • Pr)/Pr,

31. The speed of sound at ISA msl Is? 39. A mach meter compares?
a. 550 Kts. a. (Pr · Ps) to Pr,
b. 560 Kts.
b. (Ps • Pr) to Ps,
,,JI: 660Kts.
,e: (Pr - Ps) to Ps.
d. 670 lets.
d. (Ps • Pr) to Pr,
/"'
32. If amblenttemp erature ls-10- C, what ls the mach number when TAS ls594 Kts?
~ ~SM. . . - - . 40. What doesmach number represent?
a. The CAS of an aircraft as a fraction of the local speed of sound .
b. 0.75M.
b. The local speed of sound as a fraction of the CAS of an aircraft .
.,c. 0.94M. ,J,c" The TAS of an aircraft as a fraction of the local speed of sound.
d. [Link].
d. The loca f speed of sound as a fraction of the CAS ~fa~ aircraft.

33. The speed of sound at ~ f t ISA Is?

41. When cllmblng at constant mach n~mber ~elow the tropopause In the ISA, the CAS will?
/ . 600 Kts. ./ ~
a. Increase.
b. 602 Kts.
Y,Decrease.
c. 604 lcts.
c. Remain constant
d. 606 Kts.
d. Decrease then remain constant.

34. What ls true mach number of2500_0 ft ISA_lfthe TAS Is 500 kts?
42. When descending at constant CAS, If temperature remains constant the Indicated mach numbe1
a. 0.75M. _ JS"' wlll? . .
. .,Jr.' 0.83M.
c. 0.90M.
d. 0.93M.
a. Remain constant
b. Increase.
<. Decrease.
I
~
t I
/ t'\
d. Increase exponentially. ·
35. A mach meter Indicates macJl number based on the ratio of?
a. Static pressure to pitot pressure.
43. What should the mach meter Indicate when flying atSOO kts TAS at FL250. lfthe ambient
b. Pitot pressure to static pressure. ·
temperature Is -30' 0 '
y Dynamic pressure to static pressure.
d. Static pressure to dynamic pressure.
a. 0.52M.
b. 0.62M.
c. 0.72M.
36. What happens to TAT w~ an aircraft descends at constant Indicated mach number?
~ 0.82M
_,,,Y.' lnaeases.
b. Decreases.
c. Remain constant.
d. Remains constantthe n increases.

37. What Is actually measured by a mad, meter?

a. Pitot pressure.
 [J(n ..L -? ~l'Hf.l!? P-2 /6-rf( AVT
AH~ .A V£ -2.../JJ7
T5I-7 TIIA P-t/!? PJ1 37 38

GYRO 5. The gyro's weight.

6. The gimbaf mount of the gyro rings.
1. The spin axis of a tum Indicator gyroscope Is parallel to:
a. Yawaxis. The combination of correct statements is?
b. Longitudinal axis.
,r. Pitch axis. a. 1,3,4.
d. Roll axis. b. 1,2,3,4,5,6.
C, 2, 5, 6.

2. Concerning the directional gyro, the apparent drift rate due to the Earth's rotation is a function of: ~ 1,3,4,6.
a. Longitude.
b. Latitude and longitude. __}J_. The characteristics of the directional gyro(DG) used in a gyro stabl11zedcompass system are?
c. Magnetic longitude. ~ a. One degree of freedom, whose vertical axis, aligned with the real vertical to the locat ion is

* -d': Latitude . maintained in this direction by an automatic erecting system.

,p,- Two degrees of freedom, whose horizontal axis correspond in~ to the ref ere nee direction is
maintained in the horizontal plane by an automatic erecting system .
3. The building principle of a gyroscope, the best efficiency Is obtained through the concentration of
c. Two degrees of freedom, whose a xis aligned with the vertical to the location is maintained in
the mass?
a. Close to the axis and with a low rotation speed . this direction by an erecting system.
d. One degree of freedom, whose horizontal axis is maintained in the horizontal plane by an
i', On the peril!hery and with a _high rotation speed .
c. Close to the axis and with a high rotation speed. automatic erecting system .
d. On the periphery and with a low rotation speed .
..-Jt,. s. A gravity type erector Is used In a vertical g~ro device to correct erro'.s on?
4. A Standby horizon or emergency attitude indicator?
'ifJ _,,;,r. An artificial horizon ·
a, Only works of there is a complete electrical failure . b. A directiona I gyro unit.
c. A turn indicator.
Jr:' Contains its own separate gyro.
d. A gyro-magnetic indicator.
c. Is [Link] lly connected to the primary vertical gyro if the alternator fails,
d. Is fully independent of externa I energy resources in an emergency situation .
9. When an aircraft has turned 360 degrees with a constant attitude and bank, the pilot observes the

L 5. The basis properties of a gyroscope are? following on a classic artlflclal horizon?

a. Too much nose-up and bank correct.
~ 1. The gyro's weight.
2. The rigidity in space. b. Too much nose-up and bank too high .
3. The inertia. .,s,, Attitude and bank correct.
4. The high RPM . d . Too much nose-up and bank too low.
5. The precession

The combination of correct statements is?

J·'
•
10. When an aircraft has turned 270 degrees with a constant attitude and bank, the pilot observes
the following on a classic artificial horizon?
~ Too much nose-up and bank too high.
a. 3, 4, b. Too much nose-up and bank too low.
>· 2,2, 3,s. s.
C.
c. Attitl•de and bank comict.
d . Too much nose-up and bank correct.
d. 1, 3, 5,
11. Note: In this question, the degrees of freedom of a gyro are determined by the number of glmbal
fy 6. T~~:d;::n:f o;::. ~~::::~: :r~:~:;c~:;:c :s.:: on-board Instrument are valid only for a
rings It comprises. Among the flight control Instruments, the artificial horl~ plavs an essential
1
~ part. It uses a gyroscope with? . Av A_T
t:. - ~ , '
1.
2.
The earth's rotation .
The longitudinal acceleration .
> Two degrees of freedom, whose axis is oriented and contrnuously mamtarned to local vertical by
an automatic erecting system .
3. The a ircraft's motion over the surlace of the earth.
4. The mechanical defects of the gyro. b. Two degrees of freedom, whose horizontal axis corresponding to a reference direction is
maintained in a horizontal plane by an automatic erecting system.
 39

b. Turning right with not enough ban k.

c. One degree of freedom, whose horizontal axis is maintained in a horizontal plane byan
automatic erecting S)'Stem. c. Turning right with too much bank.
d. One degree of freedom, whose vertical axis oriented In the direction of the real vertical to the ,,a. Turning left with not enough bank.
location is maintained in this direction by an automatic erecting system.
. When, In flight, the needle of a neede and ball Indicator Is on the right and the ball on the left,
18
A slaved directional gyro derives It's directional signal from? the aircraft Is?
a. A direct reading magnetic compass. a. Turn ing left with too much bank.
b. The flight director. ,.b: Turning right with not enough bank.
c. The flux va Ive. c. Turning right with too much bank.
d. The air-data-computer. d. Turning left with not enough bank.

JV 13- A tum lnclcator Is bulltaround a gyroscope with? b.,,19. When, In flight, the needle and ball of a needle and ball Indicator are on the right, the aircraft Is?
~ At. 1 degree offreedom. <P. a. Turning left with too much bank.
b. 3 degrees of freedom. b. Turning left with not enough bank.
c. 2 degrees of freedom. p: Turning right with too much bank.
d. O degree of freedom. d. Turn ing right with not enough bank.

, 14. The Indications on a directional gyroscope or gyrocompass are subject to errors, due to: 20. When, In flight, the needle and ball of a needle-and-ball Indicator are on the left, the alraaft Is?
1. Rotation of [Link] a. Turning right with too much bank.
b. Turning right with not enough bank.
2. Aeroplane motion on Earth~
3. Lateral and transversal aeroplane bank angles.(jj iM i;t: Turning left with too much bank.

4. North change. , d. Turning left with not enough bank.

5. Mechanical defects. R~
21. On the ground, during a left tum, the turn Indicator Indicates?
Chose the combination with true statements only?
a. Needle to the left, ball to the left.
a. 2, 3, 5. b. Need le in the middle, ba II to the right.
j), 1, 2,3, S, c. Needle in the middle, ball to the left.
C. 3,4, 5, .IY. Need le to the left, ball to the right.
d. 1,2,4,S.
)!- The rate-of-turn Is the?
15. At a low bank angle, the measlD'ement of rate-of-turn actually consists In measuring the? a . Pitch rate in a turn.
a. Angular velocity of the a iraaft. JY. Change-of-heading rate of the aircraft.
..9-Yaw rate of the aircraft .. '\.f'· Yaw rate in a turn aircraft .
c. Pitch rate of the aircraft. d. Speed in a turn. ·
d. Roll rate of the aircraft.
23. In a Turn-Indicator, the measurement of rate of turn consists for?
16. An airborne Instrument, equipped with a gyro with 2 degrees of freedom and a horizontal spin a. High bank angles, in measuring the yaw rate.
axis ls? b. High bank angles, in measuring the roll rate.
a. An a rtificia I horizon. c. Low bank angles, In measuring the yaw rate.
b. A turn indicator. d. Low bankaneles, in measuring the roll rate.
c. A fluxgate compass.
,ff. A directional gyro.
R.o, d..,
24. In II tum at constant rate, the twn Indicator reading Is?
~ Proportional to the a lrcraft true airspeed.
17. When, In flight. the neecle of• neede and ball Indicator Is on the left and the ball on the right, b. Independent to the aircraft true airspeed.
the 1lra1ft Is? c. Proportional to the aircraft weight.
•· Tumln1 left with too much bank. /.inversely proportional to the a ircraft true airspeed.
 /~l C
-I
i

~
1),: 25. An airborne Instrume nt, equipped with a gyro with 2 d
axis Is? ff d
egrees o ree om and a horizonta l spin
41

Y,
42

' ;t
Ca uses t he heading indicato r to precess.
..-:i. A directiona l gyro. · c. Feeds t he error det ecto r syst em .
b. An artificial horizon. d. ls fed by the t h e flux va lve.
c. A turn indicator
d. A flux gate compass. ('.yrhe heading Informat ion originating from t he gyro-mag netic
compass fl ux valve Is sent to the?
() ( C. a, Error detector.
~ 26. An airborne Instrume nt, equipped with a gyro with 1 degree of freedom ~ b. Erector system.
" axlslsa7 and a horizonta l spin c. Heading indicator.
a. Fluxgate compass. d. Amplifier.
b. Directiona I gyro.
, . Turn indicator. @ :he Input signal of the amplifier of the gyro-mag netic compa,ss
resetti ng device originat es from

fi l(_ A
th
d. Gyro-mag netic compass. e? . .
a. Direct ional gyro erection device. ~
--wf'1 L
t ~ L ~J
V
,,,,,..- Error det ector.
_A_,27 . The~ al reference unit of a [Link] ~ ata generato r Is equipped with
a gyro with? c. Flux valve.
~ . a. 1 degree of freedom and horizonta l spin a xis.
d. Directiona l gyro un it.
b. 1 degree of freedom and vertical spin axis.
y. 2 degrees of freedom and vertical spin axis.
~~ 2 degrees of freedom and horizontal spin axis. 0 A rate Integratin g gyro is a detecti ng element used In?

1. An inertial attitude un it.

28. When an aircraft has turned 90 degrees with a constant attitude 2. An automatic pilot .
and bank, the pilot observes the
following on a dassic artificial horizon? 3. A stabilizing servo system.
a. Too much nose-up and bank correct. 4, An inertial navigatio n system.
b. Too much nose-up and bank too high. 5. A rat e-of-t urn ind icator.
~ Too much nose-up and bank too low
d. Attitude and bank correct. The combinat ion of correct stat ement s is?

~ 29. On the ground, during a right turn, the turn Indicator Indicates?
/.1,4 .
~ a. Needle in the middle, ball to left.
b. 1,2,3,4,5.
c. 2,3,5.
Jr. Needle to the right, ball to left.
d. 2,3,4.
c. Needle to the right, ball to right.
d. Needle to the middle, ball to right.
36. Unde r normal operati ng condition s, when an aircraft is In a
banked tu rn, the ra te-of-tur n
Indicator ls a valuable gyroscopic fl ight control instrum ent; when
30. The heading reference unit of a three-axis data generato r Is equipped it is associate d with a n at t itude
with a gyro with? Indicator It Indicat e s?
.If. 2 degrees of f re edom and horizonta Ispin axis.
b. 2 degrees of freedom and vertical spin a xis. 1. The angular velocity of the a ircraft a bout the yaw a xis .
c. I degree of freedom and horizonta l spin axis. 2. The ba nk of t he airc raft .
d. 1 degree of freedom and vertical spin axis. 3. The d irect ion of t he a irc raft t um .
4. The angula r ve locity of t he airc raft a bout t h e real vertica I.
31- Following 180' stabilized turn with a constant attitude and bank,
the artificial horizon Indicates ? The combina tio n of correct state me nts is?
a. Too high pitch-up and too low ban king.
J>. Too high pitch-up and correct banking. a. 3, 4.
c. Attitude and banking correct. b. 2,4.
d. f oo high pitch up and t oo high banking. c. 1,3.
d . 1, 2.
(J).The gyro-mag netic compass torque motor?
~ l(✓ )( Ca uses t he directional gyro unit to precess. 37. The glmbal e rror of the direct! onal gyro Is due to t he e ffect
on
, . A ba nk or pitch att itude of the aircraft.
 43
b. An appar ent weigh t and an appar ent
vertical.
c. Too slow prece ssion on the horizontal :)r'4 4. Heading Inform ation given by
gimbal ring. a gyr~ platf~J!ll -, Is given by a gyro at?
d. The aircra ft's track over the earth . 11. 2 degre es-of- freedo m in the ve~1ca I ax1S.
b. 1 degre e-of-f reedo m in the honzo ntal
_ ' - ;, pc:, 1.
--'ff< ~ The pendulum type detector system of the directional gyro feeds axis.
c. 1 degre e-of-f reedo m in the vertical axis.
{: '-;;j a. A torqu e moto r on the sensitive axis.
?
;Y. 2 degrees-of-freedom in the horizontal axis.
,P.-. V b. 2 torqu e motor s amng ed horizontally
.
p A leveling erect ion torqu e motor. _w4 5. Among the system atic errors of
\ ('IS d. A nozzle integral with the outer gimba
l ring.
-r the "direc tional gyro" , the error due to
the north refere nce turn In the horizo ntal the earth rotati on make
plane. Ata mean latitude of45° N, this
refere nce turns
by?
l:;t/ 39. The clrect lonal gyro axis spins abou t the ;e,- 15' /hour to the right. . f '/ /w
¥::.., a. In the latitu de 30°.
local vertical by 15°/h our?
~
- I ) l'rl ell_ 5 /4. a. ,
~ ~ V1 '5 5 /
0
b. 7 .5"/ho ur to the right.
b. In the latitu de 45°. _ , ~ ~/ "1/V
-1.1 c. . 7.5'/h ourto the left.
b., / h}t)
c. On the equat or.
l" 5 I
S , ..., 9 • WV j! /1
1.,Q.5 '/hour tothe right.O...,
- t Q'
Ke f · uwJ.. {Q(III rfl fdl,
1
Onth eNor thpol e.
- s,·'flc,o -:: Mcll>c.- 46. The heading read
1 ~ ~ ·
on the dial of a direct ional gyrol ssubJ ectto
40. Comp ared with a conve ntion al gyro, error s, one of which ls due to the
a laser gyro? _.,A;, move ment of the aircraft. This error?
a. Consu mes a lot of powe r. '"A a. Is at its great est value when the aircra
ft follows a meridional track.
A." Has a longe r life cycle. ~- Shows itself by an appar ent rotation
c. Is influenced by temp eratu re. of the horizontal axis of the gyroscope which
at15' per hour to the right in the north ern seem s to turn
hemis
d. Has a fairly long starti ng c.,cle. y Is depen dent on the ground speed of the aircraft, phere .
its true track and the avera ge latitu de of
flight . the
¾ 41. The diagram repre sentin g a left turn
r ,,,2 .
with Insuff icient rudde r Is? d. Is, in spite of this, insignificant and may
be neglected.
b. 3. 47. A gravit y erecto r system ls used to corre
c. 4. ct the errors on?
..a. Artificial horizon .
d. l. b. A directional gyro.
c. A turn indicator.
42. A tum Indicator Is an Instrument which d. A gyro-magnetic comp ass.
Indicates rate of turn. Rate of turn depen
ds upon:
1. Bank angle.
2. Aeroplane speed . 48. The maximum directional gyro error
due to the earth rotation Is?
3. Aeroplane weight. a. 180'/h our.
b. S'/ho ur.
The comb inatio n regrouping the corre ct Q< 15'/h our.
statem ents is?
a. 1, 2, and 3. d. 90' /hour .
)r: 1 and 2.
c. 1 and 3 .
d. 2 and 3 .

43. Durt.-. an accel eratio n phase at const

ant attitu de, the resett ing princ iple of the
results In the horizo n bar lndlc atlrc a? artificial horizo n
a. Nose-<lown attitu de.
b. Cons tant attitu de.
c. Nose-<lown follow ed by a nose- up
attitu de.
/. Nose -up attitu de .
 45 46
ATTITUDE

1. How many degrees of freedom and what th... 8. When turning through 270° at constant AOB and pitch attitude, what will a classic artificial
, Y Local earth vertical Is e spin axis of an attitude Indicator? horizon Indicate?
b. Aircraft lateral axis two degrees of freedom, a. Too much nose up and too little bank angle.
. ft h . two degrees of freedom. Y, Too much nose up and too much bankangle .
c. Aircra onzontal axis
· ft ·• • one degree of freedom. c. Too little nose up and too little ba nkangle.
d. all"Cra 1ongitudmal axis h
t ree degrees of freedom. d. Too little nose up and too much bank angle .

2. What_would be the Indication on an attitude Indicator In a right turn? 9. An artificial horizon has?
..;v.'Chmb due to pendulous vanes. /, Two degrees of freedom and a vertical spin axis.
b. No climb. b. Two degrees of freedom and a longitudinal spin axis.
c. Descent due to pendulous vanes. c. Two degrees of freedom and a lateral spin axis.
d. Correct pitch and bankatalltimes. d. No degrees of freedom because it is earth tied.

3. What will a classic artificial horizon Indicate when turning through 90 degrees at constant 10. The latitude nut .......... an artlflclal horizon?
attitude and bank angle? a. Compensates for transport error.
a. Correct bank angle and attitude. ..;-b'.' Is not fitted to.
b. Too much bank and too much nose up attitude. c. Compensates for latitude error.
c. Too little bank and too little nose up attitude. d. Compensates for earth rate errors.
,JY.' Too little bank and too much nose up attitude.
11. The gravity sensing unit In an artificial horizon ls used to?
4. An Al has? ~ - Prevent tilting of the gyro.
a. One degree of freedom and a lateral spin axis. b. Prevent precession of the gyro.
Y. Two degrees of freedom and a vertical spin axis. c. Erect the gyro.
d. Pro~ide signals to the autopilot.
c. Two degrees of freedom and a horizontal spin axis.
d. One degree of freedom and a vertical spin axis.
12. Oassic artificial horizon indications turning through 180° at constant AOB?
a. Nose up and AOBtoo low.
5 . How will a basic Al respond If an aircraft performs a 270 degree turn at constant bank angle and
b. Nose up and AOB too high.
ROTT
,,K. Nose up and correct AOB.
. Nose up and bank.
_✓
d. Pitch attitude and AOB correct.
b. Nose down and bank.
c. Nose level and bank.
13. An artificial horizon has ......... degrees of freedom in the ....... axis?
d. Correct bank and pitch.
,.,a./ Two vertica I.

9 Aircraft attitude Is Indicated on?

a. EICAS/ECAM primary display
b. Two
c. One
horizontal.
vertical.
d. One horizontal.
b. EFIS ND.
v. EFIS PFD. 14. Which or the following properties are possessed by a standby artificial horizon?
d. All of the above .
1 . Independent power supply.
2. Integral gyro.
7. When tuml ng through 90° at constant AOB and pitch attitude, what wlll a classic artificial horizon 3. Remote (external) gyro.
indicate? 4. Used only in emergencies.
/ . Too much nose up and too little bank angle. 5. At least one per pilot in JAR 25 aircraft.
b. Too much nose up and too much bank angle.
c. Too little nose up and too little bank angle. /.1.2.
d. Too little nose up and too much bank angle . b. 2, 3.
 47
C. 3, 4.
d. 4, 5. 15. ff an aircraft turns through 270° at a constant rate of turn and AOB, the lndlcatlons on Its classic
artltlc/11/ horizon wt/I be?
a. Bank left nose up.
,¥." Bank right nose up.
c. Wings level nose up.
d. AOB and pitch attitude co"ect.
 49
TURN/SLIP 50

c. 3, 5.
1. The ball In a serviceable slip Indicator Is b . d. 4, 6.
a . Held centra I . ····-· Y ·-·-a nd ····•• 1ndlcate/s the state of sllp?
Gravtty Does not always.
~ - Positioned 6. When both the needle and ball of a turn and slip Indicator are displaced to the right the
Acceleration Does not always. aircraft
). Held centra I Is?
Gravity Always.
d . Positioned a. Turning right with insufficient bank.
Acceleration Always.
,,.l,:" Turning right with too much bank.
2. The turn Indicator Is affected by? c. Turning left with too much bank.
d. Turning left with Insufficient bank.
l . AOB.
2. Airspeed .
7. When both the needle and ball of a turn and slip Indicator are displaced to the right the aircraft
3 . Weight.
Is?
4 . Altitude.
a. Turning right-with too much TAS.
/.1.2. ,.Ir. Turning right with insufficient TAS.
b. 2,3. c. Turning left with too much TAS.
d. Turning left with insufficient TAS.
C. 3,4.
d . 4,5.
8. When the neecle ls displaced right and the ball displaced left, In a turn and slip lndicatOf,
the
alrcraftls?
3. A turn Indicator used In conjunction with an attitude Indicator will show?
y Turning right with insufficient bank.
1. Turn direction . b. Turning left with too much bank.
2. Rate of turn, c. Turning left with insufficient TAS.
3 . Angular velocity about the true vertical axis. d . Turning right with too much bank.
4. Angular velocity about the aircraft vertical axis.
5. Angular velocity a bout the lon&itudinal axis. 9. Jhe turn needle Indicates ....... in a slightly banked turn?
_.a. Angular velocity about the vertical axis.
a. 1, 2. b. Angulu acceleration about the vertical axis.
-k- 1, 3. c. Angular velocity about the lateral axis.
.Y 1, 2, 4, d . Yaw d isplacement.
d . 2, 3, S.

10. A rate 1 turn at 120 kts requires?

<4 . ROT Indications are?
a . 10° AOB .
~ - Proport ional to TAS. ._~ 20° AOB .
b . Pro port iona I to CAS. c. 30° AOB .
c. Proportional to mass. d. 40° AOB .
d . Proportiona l to EAS.
11. The correct turn and sllp Indications when turning right on the ground are?
S. A turn lndlcatOf hu1 a\ Needle and ball riaht
1 A horizontal spin axis. b. Needle and ball left.
2 A vertical spin UtS .
./. Needle right and [Link] left
3. One decree of freedom .
d . Needle left and ball right
• · Two decree, of freedom .
! , A spin u,r t1i!d to the v1wi11.1 pllne cl the 11rcraft.
l?. [Link] [Link] depend on?
6 A 1r1vity e rect1n1 un it.
1. Airspeed .
_,.. l. s 2. Mus .
3. AOB.
b l. ~-
• . 1, 2.
 4
51
b. 2, 3.
_;;.--1, 3. 1. AofA .
d. I, 2. 3. 2. AOB .
3. TAS.
4. Weight.
13. For II rate one turn at 150 Kts
the AOB must be?
~ 22°. a. 1, 2.
b. 33°.
b. 1, 3.
Y, 44°. _.Y 2,3.
d. 55°. d. 3, 4.

14. Followlng II lefte ngln e failu 20. What are the essential prop
re the pilot of II multi-engine aircr >-'o.w erties of a turn Indicator?
whilst side slipping down track with aft uses rudder to arrestthe vm;
the ~ng s held level by the ailerons. 1. Two degrees of freedom .
sllpTndlcatorshowlnthlscondltlm Wha t wl~l;_the tum and
~ ''-.....
~ t h needle and ball central.
b. Both needle and ball right.
.
,, r, ..-.-r:."\ ~4ce e¢w
'j'- \ {)
,~,,_I, ./,._
2. One degree of freedom .
3. Horizontal spin axis.

~ Both needle and ball left.

d. Needle left and ball right.

15. Followlng a left engine faHure

~~
~

I- - ;,
l
. 'r
tEtJ
t f
U(.1)11? SLi f
4. Vertical spin axis.
5. Longitudinal spin axis.

a. 1,2.
_1v2, 3.
the pilot of a multi-engine aircraft
keep the aircraft on heading, whil uses rudder to o p ~ and c. 3, 4.
st using bank to prevent side slip.
Indicator show? What wlll the turn and slip d. 2, 5.
a. Both needle and ball central.
~ R i. t~ 21. What angle of bank would give

~t
b. Both needle and ball right a rate 1 turn at120 Kts?
c. Both needle and ball left. B-A uve.
~ r- 10 deerees.
y Needle central and ball right. No ~Lip Sith. b. 14 degrees.
c. 18 degrees.
16. What wlll be the Immediate d. 22 degrees.
turn and sllp Indications when a left engine falls
a. Needle and ball left. In climbing flight.
22. What does It Indicate when the
b. Needle and ball right. turn needle Is out to the left and the
a. Right turn with too much bank ball out to the right?
c. Needle left and ball right. .
d. b. Right turn with too little bank.
Needle right and bal left
c. Left turn with too much bank.
17. Wha t doe s It Indicate If both ~d. Left tum with too little bank
the needle and ball In a turn and .
sllp Indicator move out to the
right? 23. What should a turn and sllp Indic
,,.. Turning right with too much ator show In a right turn on the grou
bank. -~ nd?
Needle left and ball left.
b. Turning right witfi too little bank
. b. Needle left and ball right.
c. Turn in& left with too much bank
. (," Needle right and baD left.
d. Turn ing left with too little bank
. d. Needle right and ball right .
18. When turning at con stan t bank 24. What wlll the turn needle Indic
angle die rate oftwnls? ate In a slightly banked turn?
a. Determined by we• ht and TAS. <'- 'Yaw rate.
b. Determined by we• ht. b. Roll Rate .
c. Determined by TA.S . c. Pitch rate.
d. Determined only by AofA. d. Angular velocity about the verti
cal axis.

19 _Wh it fact on affect the turn lnclcator? 25. What correcttve actton Is requ
ired If the ball ls out to the right In
a left turn?
 53 54
a. More right ruder.
b. More left rudder.
right bank. 33 · ff th e turn and slip Indicator shows needle left and ball left In a banked turn, the aircraft Is .........
c. More
and the required corrective action Is ........?
/'More left bank.
a. Skidding push left pedal forward.
b. Skidding push right pedal forward.
26. If both the ball and needle are out t th I ft push left pedal forward.
be centraliz ed by? ..e:""Slipping
a. Pushing the right rudder barfor v:r/ e In a turn, the ball can d. Slipping push right pedal forward .
b. Increasi ng left bank.
a banked turn, the aircraft Is .........
c . Decreas ing TAS. 34. If the turn and slip Indicator shows needle left and ball right In
_,..d< Increasi ng TAS. and the required correctiv e action Is .......... ?
a. Skidding push left pedal forward.
turn when taxiing? )'- Skidding push right pedal forward.
27. How should the turn and slip indicato r respond in a right push left pedal forward.
c. Sfipping
a. Needle left and ball left. push right pedal forward.
d. Slipping
b. Need le left and ba II right.
c . Need le right and ba II right. In a banked turn, the aircraft is .......
35. If the turn and slip Indicator shows needle right and ball right
/4. Need le right and ba II left. and the required correctiv e action Is ......... ?
a. Skidding push left pedal forward .
correct AOB is approxim ately?
28. For a coordin ated rate 1 right turn at 250 Kts TAS, the b. Skidding push right pedal forward.
c. Slipping push left pedal forward .
~ !! :::~:::: ) '/ Slipping push right pedal forward.
c. 16 degrees .
d. 25 degrees .

is out to the left, it indicates ?

29. If the turn Indicato r needle is out to the right and the ball
a . A left turn with too much bank.
b . A left turn with too little bank.
c. A right turn with too much bank.
f'1:" A right turn with too little bank.
rate 1 turn In an aircraft at 125 kts TAS at a
30. What angle of bank Js required to conduct a balanced
mass of 55000 Kg?
a. 15. 5 degrees.
b. 17. 5 degrees .
,,,c . 19.5 degrees .
d . 21.5 degrees .
d to 45000 Kg?
31. If the mass of the aircraft in question 34 above, was decrease
a. It would increase the required AOB .
.
b . It would decreas e the required AOB .
not affect the required AOB, but less power wouldldbbe required~
/ . It would
e require •
d. It would not affect the required AOB but more powerw ou

32. The correct JndlcatJ ons when taxiing to the left are?
a. Needle right, ball right .
b. Needle right, ball centre.
 55

-'- of a compass swing Is to?

COMPASS JI!'" s The purpose
• a Align the lubber lines with true north. .
· of th Schuler tun mg.
Jr.' Confirm the accuracy e . h

k 1. The centre of gravity of the compass rose of a direct reading masnetlc compass lies below the
pivot point to reduce the Influence of the:
,\' Magnetic Inclination.
· h ith magnetic nort •
c. Align compass nort W
d. Align compass north with true north.
,,,I{.' Magnetic variation. etlc compass will Indicate?
'9 ~ When landlng In a southerly direction a direct reading magn
c. Parallax error. .,.._
d. Position error. a. Easterly turn.
b. Westerly turn.
k 2. Whldt of the followlng statements about hard and soft Iron In relatlon to magnetism Is correct?
a. Hard iron magnetism is ofa non-permanent nature and soft iron magnetism is ofa permanent
.,p. Noturn.
d. Rapidly increasing oscillations.
nature.
b. Both hard and soft Iron magnetism are of a permanent nature . J.,10. Permanent magnetism In al rcra~ Is caused b_y?
,,c;- Hard iron magnetism is of a permanent nature and soft iron magnetism Is of a non-permanent
~ / The hammering of riVets during construction.
nature. b. Large changes in latitude.
d. Both hard and soft iron magnetism are ofa non-permanent nature.
c. Large changes in longitude.

-/::r 3. A direct reading magnetic compass wlll be affected by?

d. Strong electrical fields and lightning strikes. X,

a. Soft iron.
11. A magnetic compass must be swung?
b. Hard Iron.
a. After longterm changes in latitude.
c. Aluminum.
}l,- Soft iron effect hard Iron, and hard iron. y. After long term changes in longitude.
c. Short term changes In longitude.
-j(4. The purpose of the torque motor In a gyro stablllzed magnetic compass Is to? d. Change of base airfiekl.
,,z. Precess the directional gyro.
b. Adjust the Selsyn stator.
c. Calibrate the pointer.
* 2. The greatest cause of errors In a direct reading magnetic compass Is?
JI. Turning.
d. Convert flux valve electrical output into pointer movement ' b. latitude changes.
c. Parallax.
*5. When /andlns on a northerly heaclns a direct reading magnetic compass Indicate? d. Changes in magnetic deviation.
a. A westerly turn.
b. An easterly turn. 13. The sensitivity of a magnetic compass can be affected by?
.-.e: No turn. a. The H component of the earth's magnetic field .
d. Rapidly increasing oscillations. b. The Z component of the earth's magnetic field.

* 6. Masnetic headln& can be calculated from true heading using?

a. A compass and a map indicating isogonal lines.
e( Both of the above.
d. None of the above .

b. A compass and a callbrationcan:I. 14.,When cruising on a westerly headll18 a direct reading magnetic compass will Indicate?
c. A cakulator and a deviation card. a. Northerly turn.
s,, A compass and a deviation card. b. Southerly turn .
c. Noturn .
7. A direct reitdlll& compass will not be affected by?
a. Ferrous metals.
b. T111nsfonners.
c. Magnetic fields .
.Jk.,Non-ferrous metals.
* d . Ra pldly increasing oscillations.

15. When tak1118-off on a calm day on heading of 45• In the northern hemisphere, the compass will
Indicate ....... If the Held Is on an agonlc line?
a. 45•,
~ -f{i.
IN
b. More than 45°. j'
J
 ,,;;< Less than 45".
d. 45• only if the wing s are level.
·
~ 16. The flux gate of a gyro m agne tlc comp ass trans mits data to?
57

/ . No turn.
d. Oscillations about north.

23. The principal cause of•errors In a

direct readlns masn etlc compass Is?
58

l
,,.a. The error dete ctor
a. Latitude.
· •
b. The ampl ifier. r b, Magnetic deviation .
c. The erect ing syste m. c. Paralla x.
d. The annu nciat or. d. Turning.
Is to?
In a syro stablllzed masn etlc comp ass
d from true head ing using? ~ 4. The function of the torqu e moto r
17. Mag netic head ing can be foun
and a map show ing isoclinal lines. a. Move the Selsyn stators.
a . A comp ass
isogo nal lines. b. Move the heading pointer.
b. A comp ass and a map show ing
comp ass calib ration chart . c. Process the directional g,/ro.
c. A comp ass and
d. A comp ass and devia tion card.
_y. Receive the input from the flux va Ive .
etic comp asses can be cause d by?
comp ass the flux valve ? ,kz 5. Errors In direc t readi ng magn
18. In a remo te Indic ating magn etic ,;r. Turns throu gh 90 degre es East and 270 degre es west.
pow er supp ly.
a. Uses a DC Jv. Accelerations on east/ west headings.
b. Uses an AC powe r supp ly. c. Crosswinds when on east/ west headi
ngs .
use it uses its own self-e xcite r unit.
~ Requ ires no powe r supp ly beca , .d~ Parallax.
manu factu red from perm -allo y steel .
d . Is re, what will its ORMC
erly head ing In the north ern hemi sphe
26. In an aircra ft takin g-off on a west
fed to the?
19. The outp ut of the flux valve ls Indicate?
4r a . Feed back loop. ---1/Southerly turn .
b. Com pass card. tY.' Northerly turn .
""- Amp lifier. c. Oscillations a bout west .
~ Error dete ctor. d. No turn.

field (in micro teslas ) at the infor matio n?

comp onen t of the earth 's magn etic a gyro magn etic comp ass trans mit
20. Wha t Is the stren gth of the H 27. To what does the flux valve of
North pole? a . Erecting syste m
a. 0. .,bo' Error detec tor.
b. 10. c. Amplifier.
C. 16. d. Heading indic ator ca rd.
d. 23.
g ls to?
28. The purp ose of a comp ass swin
with true north .
ass will be affec ted by? a. Align comp ass north
21. A direc t readi ng magn etic comp magn etic north .
1. Adja cent elect rica I equi pmen t b. Align comp ass north with
with the lubbe r line .
2. Ferro us meta ls. c. Align true north
up a comp ass corre ction card .
3. Non- ferro us meta ls. _.P-,' Draw

ly?
valve In a RlMC get Its powe r supp
.,,e. 1, 2. ...4,. .,r29. From what does the flux
b . l, 3.
~ I. a. DC busb ar.

C. 1, 4. h"'l'f I J.. b. AC busb ar.

d. 3,4. N I 1, \ c. Inter nal self -exci ter syste m .
it is made of perm -alloy mate rial.
\ d . It does not requi re one beca use
erly head ing a DRMC wlll Indic ate?
..J:!. 22. Upon landln& on a north
a. A turn to the east.
b. A turn to the west .
 59

fine and heading 045 degrees . If an aircraft b. Equator.

1Z'30. A runway In the norther n hemisph ere Is on an agonlc c. South pole.
with zero compas s deviatio n takes off In still air, what wlll the northerl y turning errors be?
d. 45 degrees north and south.
a. The compas s will rema in on 045.
b. The compas s will move to less than 045. 38. From what does a gyro magnetic compass torque motor
obtain Its Information?
c. The compas s will move to more than 045. :S d- ~
--a-; Error detector .
d. If the wings remain level the compass will remain on 045.
b. Flux va Ive.
a compas s card and ..... are required? ,ti!!' Amplifier
31. In onler to convert true heading Into magneti c heading d. Rotor gimbaltilt unit.«_
a. Deviation card.
b. Errorca rd.
,39. What Is the maximum drift error that can be sensed
by an uncomp ensated DGI?
~ Map with isogona I lines.
a. 5 degrees per hou r.
d. Map with isogonal fines.
b. 10 degrees per hour.
a souther ly direction In the souther n c. 15 degrees per hour.
32. What will the DRMC Indicate when an aircraft lands In d. 20 degrees per hour.
hemisph ere?
a. Westert ytum. 40. Magnetic dip angle at the south pole Is?
b. Easterly turn . a. Zero.
c. Notum. b. 45 degrees.
d. Oscillations about north . c. 60 degrees.
ed from a point? d. 90 degrees .
D( 33. To Improve the horlzon tallty of a compas s, the magnet assemb ly Is suspend
r a. On the centre line of the magnet.
Below the centre of gravity.
~ 41. Earth rotation at45 d".'rees northwl ll cause the spin allls
of
\ S 5 · '15• /
a directional gyro to move? E,
hA:,, g,.,
b.
c. Above the centre of gravity.
--r, a. 7.6 degrees clockwise . _
Vil -:J°/4-....i7 0
b. 6.7 degrees anti-clockwise.
d. Varying with magneti c latitude . , / .10.6 degrees clockwise. ~ - I O • t J~ l/
d. 10.6 degrees anti-clockwise.
34. A DRMC can be affected by?
r with QDM45 degrees , In the
Hard iron. 42. The DRMCln an alrcraft accelera tlng for take-off on a runway
b. Mild iron. norther n hemisph ere, will Indicate ?
c. Soft iron . a. 45 degrees .
d. Norther ly accelera tions. b. More than 45 degrees .
c. Less than 45 degrees .
35. The mulmu m gyro drift rate due to earth rate Is? d. 45 degrees as long as the wings are level
a. 5degrees per hour.
norther n h~mlsph ere, roll out should be
.Ai." 15 ~egrees per hour. 43. When turning right through 90 degrees to north, In the 6 00
c. 90 degrees per hour. conduc tedonah eadlng~of? ...----. 31 ,~ , or,-N \.
d . 180 degrees per hour. a. 10 degrees . 3 .., (~_,\ \ _..,
b. 20 degrees .
tln, a tum from southw est to south-e ast r:::--
36. At what DRMC heacln , ts roll out require d when conduc / . 330 degrees .
at 45 dqree s north 7 d. 350 degrees. o
.,r. 115 degrees.
b. 135 degrees. .cb ... A magnet ic compas s must be swung after?
c. 140d-, rees. ?- a. A short term change in latitude .
d. 1C5 d-,rees . b. Longter m change in latitude .
c. Short term change in longitud e.
37. At what paint an the urth would earth rate wander and
transport wander be zero? d. Longter m change in longitude.
a. North pole .
I 61

ng compasslnltlallyfed?
flux valve Ina rem ote [Link]
45. lo wha t Is the out put of the
"· Amplifier.
b. Gvrc. rirecessing torq ue
motor.
c. Error dete ctor .
d. lncl icator.
roll out should occur at?
46. When turn ing from SE
to SW at SO degrees nort h, the
a. 180 deg rees .
b. 210 deg rees .
c. 225 deg rees .
d. 245 deg rees .
roll out should occur at?
47. When turn ing from SW
to SE at4 5 deg rees nort h, the
l, <:, &
_.a( llSd egr ees .
.... ' ..7
b. 135 ,dE!grees. .... ,
c. 140 deg rees . i b----0-
d. 150 deg rees . l - \-.. ;.,.
'- 't~ - - - ates on a westerly hea ding on the
dicate as an airc raft land s and dec eler
48. Wh at wfll the com pas s-In
m,n etlc equ ator ?
/4. Turn-to sou th.
b. Turn to wes t.
c. Oscillations .
d. No turn.
is the
is stuck at0 75 deg rees , wha t
e ADF pol nter ind icat es2 70 deg rees whe n the RMI rose
49. lfth
?
rela tive bea ring of the bea con
a. 290 deg rees .
b. ll0d egr ees .
c. 195 deg rees .
from this information .
d. It can not be dete rmi ned

~o . Wh at are the erro rs In a DGI?

1 Tra nsp ort wan de r.
2 Ear th -rate.
king and pitching,
3 Hea ding erro rs whe n ban
4. Me cha n ical imp erfe
ctio ns.

a 1. ?. , 3 .
:-- 1,2,-4 .
~. 3,4 .
~ ~II of the above.