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Basic First Aid Procedures Guide

1) The document outlines basic first aid procedures, beginning with asking for help and ensuring the scene is safe. 2) It describes assessing injuries, including checking circulation, airway, and breathing (CAB) and providing CPR or rescue breathing if needed. 3) Secondary assessment involves taking a medical history using SAMPLE, checking vital signs, and examining the entire body for deformities, wounds, tender areas, and swelling.

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Krestine Undag Elona
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80 views2 pages

Basic First Aid Procedures Guide

1) The document outlines basic first aid procedures, beginning with asking for help and ensuring the scene is safe. 2) It describes assessing injuries, including checking circulation, airway, and breathing (CAB) and providing CPR or rescue breathing if needed. 3) Secondary assessment involves taking a medical history using SAMPLE, checking vital signs, and examining the entire body for deformities, wounds, tender areas, and swelling.

Uploaded by

Krestine Undag Elona
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Basic First Aid Procedure
  • Activities and Exercises

Basic First Aid Procedure

In administering first aid, the following procedure must be followed. Suppose


you see an injured person lying on the floor. Remember the
A-I-D F-I-R-S-T.

Step 1 – Ask for Help.


Immediately call the attention of other people to the scene. Ask if there is
anyone in the area who knows how to perform first aid. If there is one, let him or her
take over. While the first aider rescues, call professional help. Dial 911 and report. If
there is no one around, follow the next steps.

Step 2 and 3 – Inspect the scene.


Determine the possible threats and hazards.
The scene where the injury occurred may not be safe to undertake first aid. If
there are threats and hazards that may harm you or the victim, move to a safer place
only if it will not cause further injury.

Step 4 – Face the victim and introduce yourself.


If the scene is clear and safe, approach the victim. Introduce yourself to the
victim. Even if the victim is unconscious, state your name and tell the victim that you
will perform first aid procedures to help him or her.

Step 5 – Intervene and conduct assessment.


If the victim is conscious, ask him or her about the situation. Locate and assess
the injury. Take note of the details that the victim will tell you. If you know the first aid
procedures for the specific injury, perform them. If you do not know the proper
emergency care, do not intervene stay with the victim until professional medical care
arrives.

If the victim is unconscious, perform the following steps.


1. Tap the shoulders gently and check if conscious may return.
2. If the victim does not respond, perform primary assessment. Check for CAB:

• Circulation – Feel if the pulse is present. Check by touching areas


where large veins are present: neck or wrist.

• Airway – Check if there is any blockage in airways passages (mouth


and nose). Remove any material that blocks the airway.

• Breathing – Check if the victim is breathing by observing the up and


down movement of the chest. You may also put your palm above the
nose and mouth to feel if the victim is inhaling and exhaling.

3. If circulation is absent, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). If the


victim is not breathing, perform rescue breathing. These two procedures
make up basic life support. You will find the steps in the last part of this
lesson.

4. If circulation and breathing are present, conduct secondary assessment.

Secondary assessment is composed of three major components:

4.1. History
The first aider must ask about the victim’s medical information by
thinking of the acronym SAMPLE:

S – signs and symptoms felt by the victim


A – allergies that the victim has
M – medication that the victim is currently taking
P – previous medical conditions that the victim had
L – last oral intake of the victim
E – events that led to the emergency situation

4.2. Vital Signs


The first aider must check for the following

a. Abnormal pulse rate or breathing


b. Dilation of pupils
c. Change in skin color or body temperature
d. Changing level if consciousness (being half-awake)

4.3. Head-to-toe examinations


The first aider must think of the acronym DOTS to inspect the whole
body of the victim for:
D – deformity of fractures
O – open wounds
T – tender parts
S – swollen parts

Step 6 – Remember and record the procedures done.

Step 7 and 8 – Stay with the victim until professional care arrives. Tell the medical
professionals about the situation and the first aid procedures performed.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: 4-3-2-1
Complete the following.
1. Give at least four characteristics of a good first aider.
a. _______________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________________
d. _______________________________________________________________
2. Give at least three objectives of first aid.
a. _______________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________________
3. Give at least two principles of First Aid
a. _______________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________
4. Define First Aid.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Don’t Forget!


Study the words below.
a. These are shortcuts used to remember the steps in emergency actions and
first aid.
b. Identify the meaning of each acronym.
1. In primary assessment, check for CAB
C ____________________________________________________________________
A _____________________________________________________________________
B ____________________________________________________________________
2. In gathering information about the victim’s history, ask for SAMPLE:
S ______________________________________________________________________
A _____________________________________________________________________
M _____________________________________________________________________
P _____________________________________________________________________
L _____________________________________________________________________
E _____________________________________________________________________
3. In performing head-to-toe examination, what do the letters in the acronym DOTS
mean:
D _____________________________________________________________________
O _____________________________________________________________________
T ______________________________________________________________________
S ______________________________________________________________________

VALUING
Complete the unfinished statements individually.
1. I can be a first aider because _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. I will be a first aider because _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. As a first aider, I will ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Common questions

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A first aider should clearly remember and record all steps and procedures executed during the first aid. Upon the arrival of medical professionals, the first aider should communicate the situation, actions taken, victim's condition, and any relevant medical history or symptoms observed. Effective documentation and communication ensure continuity of care and assist medical responders in further treatment planning .

Two core principles guide a first aider's intervention: ensuring the safety of both the victim and the first aider, and performing only those procedures that the first aider is trained and competent to execute. Safety involves assessing the scene for hazards, while competence involves adhering to known protocols and deferring to professional help when beyond one's expertise. These principles ensure effective and safe emergency response .

The head-to-toe examination utilizing the DOTS acronym is important as it provides the first aider with a systematic way to inspect the victim for Deformities, Open wounds, Tender parts, and Swollen areas. This thorough examination ensures that all visible injuries are identified, which allows the first aider to prioritize treatment and communicate effectively with emergency responders about the victim’s injuries .

When a victim is unconscious, the first aider should gently tap the victim’s shoulders to check responsiveness and perform a primary assessment focusing on CAB: Circulation, Airway, and Breathing. The first aider checks for a pulse and blocked airways and ensures the victim is breathing. If circulation is absent, CPR is necessary; if the victim isn’t breathing, then rescue breathing must be performed. The first aider's role is to sustain life until professional help arrives .

The acronym SAMPLE aids the secondary assessment by guiding the first aider to collect crucial medical information from the victim. It stands for Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medication currently taken, Previous medical conditions, Last oral intake, and Events leading to the emergency. This structured approach ensures a comprehensive evaluation of the victim's medical history and current condition, aiding in effective first aid treatment .

Staying with the victim ensures continuous monitoring of their condition and allows for immediate action if the victim's situation changes. It also provides emotional support to the victim and ensures that critical information about the incident and initial first aid actions can be relayed to professional caregivers, allowing for a smooth transition of care and comprehensive treatment .

Checking these vital signs during a secondary assessment is crucial because they provide critical information about the victim's physiological state. Abnormal pulse rate or breathing may indicate cardiovascular or respiratory issues. Pupil dilation can signal neurological distress. Changes in skin color might suggest conditions like shock or hypoxia. Observing the level of consciousness helps assess the severity of the condition and the urgency of medical intervention .

Upon encountering an injured person, first call attention to any bystanders and ask if anyone is trained in first aid. If so, they should take over while you call for professional medical help by dialing 911. Inspect the scene for threats or hazards and move to a safer location if necessary. Once the scene is clear, introduce yourself to the victim and explain that you will perform first aid if able .

A good first aider possesses characteristics such as calmness under pressure, clear communication skills, knowledge of first aid procedures, and the ability to quickly assess situations. These traits ensure that the first aider can efficiently provide aid, make sound decisions in stressful scenarios, and effectively interact with victims and professional healthcare providers, ultimately improving the outcomes of emergency situations .

CPR is a lifesaving technique used when a person’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It involves chest compressions and rescue breathing to maintain circulation and oxygenation to vital organs until professional medical help arrives. The purpose of CPR is to artificially restore circulation and breathing, preventing brain death and increasing the likelihood of survival after cardiac arrest .

Basic First Aid Procedure In administering first aid, the following procedure must be followed. Suppose you see an injured pe
D – deformity of fractures O – open wounds T – tender parts S – swollen parts Step 6 – Remember and record the procedures don

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