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Subtracting Linear Expressions

Q: What are the considerations involved in designing an educational tool that integrates equations and real-world scenarios?

Designing an educational tool integrating equations with real scenarios involves ensuring that the mathematical models are accessible and applicable to learners. Considerations include aligning problems with everyday contexts (e.g., cost comparisons of car rentals), offering diverse problem-solving methods (graphical, algebraic), and enabling exploration of various mathematical concepts (e.g., quadratic equations, linear inequalities). Moreover, the tool should facilitate engagement through interactive and guided learning experiences, thus bridging theoretical knowledge with practical application .

Q: What are the implications of changing the coefficients in a parabola's equation?

Changing coefficients in a parabola's equation affects its geometric attributes, such as its vertex, direction, width, and intersection points with x and y axes. For instance, in a family of curves described by y = ax^2 + bx + c, varying coefficients can transform a parabola's vertex position, alter the degree to which the curve opens upwards or downwards, and shifts its axis of symmetry . These transformations are used in advanced mathematical modeling and optimizations, enabling detailed studies of quadratic behavior under varied influences.

Q: How does the graphical method demonstrate that there is no solution to a particular set of simultaneous equations?

When using the graphical method to solve simultaneous equations, lines representing each equation are drawn on the same set of axes. If the lines are parallel and do not intersect, as shown by the pair of equations "2x + 4y = 4" and "2x + 9y = 0", it indicates that there is no solution since there is no common point that satisfies both equations .

Q: What can be inferred from finding an equation of a line with different specified conditions such as gradient and a point it passes through?

Finding an equation of a line with specified conditions such as gradient and a point involves applying the point-slope form of the line equation, y - y1 = m(x - x1). This form allows one to formulate a unique linear equation that satisfies the given conditions, exemplified in the case of a line with gradient 2 passing through (1,4), which transforms into the equation y = 2x + 2 . Such problems encourage understanding of geometric linearity in the coordinate plane and exploring how these conditions influence the position and direction of lines .

Q: How does a sphere's volume determine its radius, and how is this calculation applied?

The volume of a sphere can be used to find its radius by rearranging the volume formula, V = 4/3πr^3, to solve for r. If a sphere has a volume of 500 cm^3, you can determine its radius by equating and rearranging to find r = (3V/4π)^(1/3). This calculation is crucial in tasks that require the construction of spheres or the understanding of their physical properties, emphasizing its applications in geometrical analysis and engineering design .

Q: Why is understanding dimensional errors critical when calculating surfaces and volumes?

Dimensional errors have a magnified impact when calculating surfaces and volumes because errors compound with increased dimensions. In the case of volumes particularly, a small error in linear measurements can result in substantial deviations from expected values. For example, in surface area, the error was calculated at roughly 30.5% when dimensions were inaccurately recorded, indicating the potential for significant discrepancies in practical applications where precision is mandatory, underscoring the importance of accuracy .

Q: What is the significance of using the elimination method over the substitution method in solving simultaneous equations?

The elimination method is often preferred over substitution for its efficiency in handling equations that have equal or easily comparable coefficients of the same variable, enabling one to eliminate that variable immediately. This method can simplify complex problems where two equations are tightly interlinked, like the set "4x + 12y = 2" and "12x - y = 12", making it easier to manipulate and solve for variables without the potential for errors introduced in substitution .

Q: How can mathematical equations be used to aid design processes in digital and physical modeling?

Mathematical equations offer precise definitions of shapes and transformations, which are vital in both digital designs and physical modeling. By using transformations of basic functions such as circles or parabolas, one can design complex shapes and patterns, informed by equations that control transformations like translations and rotations . Such applications are evident in CAD software used for engineering design, where equations guide component configurations and assemblies, highlighting mathematics’ integral role in creative and technical innovation.

Q: How can inequalities on the same number plane define feasible solutions for multiple conditions?

Graphing inequalities involve shading regions that satisfy each inequality line, and the intersection of these shaded regions defines the set of feasible solutions. For example, inequalities y > x - 1 and y < 4 - x, when graphed on the same plane, result in identification of a region that encompasses all points satisfying both conditions . This graphical method is pivotal in understanding feasible solution spaces in optimization problems and feasible regions in linear programming.

Q: In what way do equations of car rental costs model real-world decision-making scenarios effectively?

Equations representing car rental costs allow for the modeling of cost dynamics over varying conditions, such as different day lengths and distance traveled. By comparing costs across companies using such equations, one can determine the conditions under which one service is more cost-effective than another, as shown by plotting these models over a set range and analyzing intersection points for equal cost scenarios . This method provides a structured approach to decision-making that weighs financial considerations effectively.

The document provides a student learning matrix for a math topic on indices, surds, and logarithms. It includes a pre-test, lessons on different index and surd concepts, worksheets, and a post-test. Students are to fill out the matrix by shading in circles to indicate if they understand or need help with each part and the date it was completed. The document also includes one of the worksheets which contains problems for students to simplify expressions with indices and surds.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

17 views292 pages

Subtracting Linear Expressions

Uploaded by

arounasamuels

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Monitor your learning throughout this topic by completing this page. Shade the circle to indicate that you have
completed an activity and how well you think you have understood it, using the traffic light system.
Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Indices, surds and logarithms learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

1.2 Number classification review

1.3 Surds

1.4 Operations with surds

1.5 Review of index laws

1.6 Negative indices

1.7 Fractional indices

1.8 Combining index laws

1.9 Compound interest

1.10 Logarithms

1.11 Logarithm laws

1.12 Solving equations

WorkSHEET: Indices, surds and logarithms I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Indices, surds and logarithms II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

WorkSHEET: Indices, surds and logarithms I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

1. Specify whether each of the following numbers is

rational or irrational.
a. 5
...........................................................................................
b. 81
...........................................................................................
c. 3
27
...........................................................................................
d. 4
36
...........................................................................................
2. Which of the following numbers are surds?

a. 99
...........................................................................................
b. 144
...........................................................................................
c. 2 10
...........................................................................................
d. 3
125
...........................................................................................

3. Simplify each of the following surds.

a. 20
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 160
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. 2 50
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
d. 5 180
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

4. Simplify each of the following expressions.

a. 2 5 3 10 5 7 10
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. 50 75 72
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

c. 20 2 24 3 45 150
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
5. Multiply each of the following expressions, giving
each of your answers in simplest surd form.

a. 3 7
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. 5 10
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
c. 2 3 4 15
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
6. Simplify each of the following.
2
a. 5
............................................................................................
2
b. 3 6
............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

7. Simplify each of the following.

a. 30
6
...........................................................................................

b. 4 40
2 5
...........................................................................................

c. 6 15
18 3
...........................................................................................
8. Express each of the following with a rational
denominator.

a. 3
2
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b. 6
10 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

c. 2 5
3 2 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

9. Evaluate each of the following without the use of a

calculator.
1
a. 25 2
............................................................................................
1
b. 64 3
............................................................................................
1
c. 325
............................................................................................
10. Use your calculator to find the value of each of the
following, correct to 2 decimal places.
1
a. 10 2
............................................................................................
1
b. 4 3
............................................................................................
1
c. 12 4
............................................................................................
11. Write each of the following with a fractional index.

a. 14
............................................................................................

b. t3
............................................................................................
3
c. 8
............................................................................................
12. Simplify each of the following.

a.
............................................................................................

b.
............................................................................................

c.
............................................................................................

13. Simplify each of the following.

a.
............................................................................................

b.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

14. Simplify each of the following.

a.
...........................................................................................

b.
...........................................................................................

c.
...........................................................................................

15. Simplify each of the following.

a. x6
...........................................................................................

b. 36m8
...........................................................................................

c. 3
64a9
...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

WorkSHEET: Indices, surds and logarithms II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

1. Simplify each of the following.

a. 5 48
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. 4 20 3 75 125 108
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

c. 5 12 2 6
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2. Simplify each of the following, expressing the
answers with positive indices.

a.
............................................................................................

b.
............................................................................................

c.
............................................................................................

3. Evaluate the following, leaving your answers as

fractions in simplest form.

a. 3–1
............................................................................................
b. 6–2
............................................................................................
–3
c. 10
............................................................................................
4. Give the value of each of the following as a decimal,
correct to 2 significant figures.

a. 7–1
............................................................................................
b. 8–2
............................................................................................
c. 3–3
............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

5. Write down the value of each of the following, leaving

your answer in fraction form.
2
a. 1
2
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
3
b. 4
5
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2
c. 3
1
4
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

6. Find the value of each of the following, leaving your

answer in fraction form.
1
a. 1
3
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2
b. 5
6
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

7. Nadia invests $65 000 for a four-year term at 7% p.a.

with interest compounded six-monthly. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

a. Find the value of Nadia’s investment on

maturity. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. Find the amount of interest earned.

............................................................................................

8. Evaluate log5 5 .
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

9. Solve for x:
............................................................................................
log 2 4 2 x
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

10. Simplify:

a. log 7 7 x
............................................................................................
b. log 7 49 x
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

11. Solve for x:

log9 (log3 x ) 0.5 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

12. Solve for x:

log a x log a 4 loga 11 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

13. Solve for y:

log b y log b 13 logb 5 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

14. Express b in terms of a given the following:

a. logb 5 a
...........................................................................................
1
b. log b a
5
...........................................................................................
15. Solve for x, correct to 3 decimal places.
a. 3x = 8
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 8x = 75
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

Word search
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

X L S H T U X L A J N L O C B C
Y F W E E Q T G D O K P A E P O
V P A Z Z O G W I D N Q R O L N
R J L D V R F T F S R A D O O J
G B X S E E C C F W T E G L G U
D Q E A S A L M C I N A X O A G
R E D X R L R E O S R J A H R A
U W N F G L A N O I T A R R I T
S D I O N R A L T X E D N I T E
S O E Y M L E H E J O P U P H A
I Z U R C I M G O S Q V L M M N
G K Z I Y O N F E A A A O O L X
V T Z D X P A A Q T S B H O A W
O X G H O H T Y T X N O N N W D
A Q Q H B O Y U G O A I A B S P
D E C I M A L G H T R U J D D L

Real Rational Irrational Integer

Surd Fraction Decimal Denominator

Conjugate Logarithm Index Base

Index Laws Logarithm Laws

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

Code puzzle: Who is Jørn Utzon?

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

Match the equation on the left-hand side with the answer on the right-hand
side by ruling a line between the dots. The line will pass through a letter and
a number to help answer the puzzle.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

Project
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

Other number systems

Throughout history, different systems have been used to aid with counting. Ancient tribes are known to have
used stones, bones and knots in rope to help keep count. The counting system that is used around the world
today is called the Hindu-Arabic system. This system had its origin in India around 300–200BC. The Arabs
brought this method of counting to Europe in the Middle Ages.

The Hindu–Arabic method is known as the decimal or base 10 system, as it is based on counting in lots of
ten. This system uses the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. Notice that the largest digit is one less than the
base number, that is, the largest digit in base 10 is 9. To make larger numbers, digits are grouped together.
The position of the digit tells us about its value. We call this place value. For example, in the number 325,
the 3 has a value of ‘three lots of a hundred’, the 2 has a value of ‘two lots of ten’ and the 5 has a value of
‘five lots of units’. Another way to write this is:
3 × 100 + 2 × 10 + 5 × 1 or 3 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 5 ×100
In a decimal system, every place value is based on the number 10 raised to a power. The smallest place value
(units) is described by 100, the tens place value by 101, the hundreds place value by 102, the thousands by 103
and so on.
Computers do not use a decimal system. The system for computer languages is based on the number 2 and is
known as the binary system. The only digits needed in the binary system are the digits 0 and 1. Can you see
why?

Decimal
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
number
Binary
0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101
number

Consider the decimal number 7. From the table above, you can see that its binary equivalent is 111. How can
you be sure this is correct?
111 = 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20 = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7
Notice that this time each place value is based on the number 2 raised to a power. You can use this technique
to change any binary number into a decimal number. (The same pattern applies to other bases, for example,
in base 6 the place values are based on the number 6 raised to a power.)

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

Binary operations
When adding in the decimal system, each time the addition is greater than 9, we need to ‘carry over’ into the
next place value. In the example below, the units column adds to more than 9, so we need to carry over into
the next place value.
17
1

+ 13
30
The same is true when adding in binary, except we need to ‘carry over’ every time the addition is greater
than 1.
101
+ 01
10
1. Perform the following binary additions.
a. 112 b. 1112 c. 10112
+ 012 + 1102 + 1012

2. Perform the following binary subtractions. Remember that if you need to borrow a number from a
column on the left-hand side, you will actually be borrowing a 2 (not a 10).
a. 112 b. 1112 c. 10112
– 012 – 1102 – 1012

3. Try some multiplication. Remember to carry over lots of 2.

a. 112 b. 1112 c. 10112
012 1102 1012

4. What if our number system had an 8 as its basis (that is, we counted in lots of 8)? The only digits
available for use would be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. (Remember the maximum digit is 1 less than the base
value.) Give examples to show how numbers would be added, subtracted and multiplied using this base
system. Remember that you would ‘carry over’ or ‘borrow’ lots of 8.
5. The hexadecimal system has 16 as its basis. Investigate this system. Explain how it would be possible to
have 15, for example, in a single place position. Give examples to show how the system would add,
subtract and multiply.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 1 | Indices, surds and logarithms

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Algebra and equations learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

2.2 Substitution
2.3 Adding and subtracting algebraic
fractions
2.4 Multiplying and dividing algebraic
fractions
2.5 Solving simple equations

2.6 Solving multi-step equations

2.7 Literal equations

WorkSHEET: Algebra and equations I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Algebra and equations II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

WorkSHEET: Algebra and equations I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

1 2
1. If a = and b = , evaluate:
2 5
a. 3a – 2b
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b. b2
3a
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
1 2
2. If s ut at , evaluate s when:
2
a. u = 0, a = 9.8 and t = 10
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

b. u = –3, a = 10 and t = 5
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

3. For each of the following, complete the relationship

that illustrates the stated law.
a. Associative Law
(5x 3y) 2z = ___________________ ............................................................................................

b. Commutative Law
8t + 7e = _______________________ ............................................................................................

c. Commutative Law
8t ÷ 7e _______________________ ............................................................................................

d. Identity Law
125h × 1 = _____________________ ............................................................................................

e. Inverse Law
–3x + ___ = _____________________ ............................................................................................

4. Simplify the following expressions:

3x x
a.
2 4
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

a 1 2a 1
b.
5 3 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

5. Simplify each of the following:

1 3
a.
4x 8x
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

2 1
b.
5x 8x ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

6. Simplify the following by writing each as a single

fraction:
2 3x
a.
x 3 x 1 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

x 3 2x 1
b.
x 1 x 1
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

7. Simplify each of the following:

x 30
a.
6 y

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
21 y 15 z
b.
5 x 14 y ............................................................................................

............................................................................................
8. Solve the following literal equations for the
variable y.

a. x 2z 3 y2 1 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. 2x 5 3y 4 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
9. Simplify each of the following:
6 4
a.
x x ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
7 21
b.
2x 10 x
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

10. Rearrange the following equations to make the

variable in brackets the subject.
1 1 1
a. [ y]
R x y
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b b2 4 ac
b. x [c ]
2a
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

WorkSHEET: Algebra and equations II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Solve the following equations:

a. 7m – 3 = 39
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. 6n + 4 = −8
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2. Solve the following equations:

g
a. 13 9
5
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

4h
b. 23 21
11
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

3. Solve the following equations:

a. 4(3f 5) 4
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

b. 6(2s 9) 50
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
4. Solve the following equations:

a. 14 4t 6
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

3u
b. 3 9
7
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

5. Solve the following equations:

a. 3y – 7 = 7 + y
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b. 16z – 11 = 20z – 3
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
6. Solve the following equations:

a. 4(2c – 5) = 7(3c – 1)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

b. −(3 – d) = 4(2d + 8)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
7. Solve the following equations:
a. 6(2f – 1) + 3(4 – 2f) = 2(f + 1) + 2(f + 6)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. 2(4 – g) – 3(2g – 6) = 8(3g – 1) – 11(g – 5)

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

8. Solve the following equations.

x 3x 2
a.
4 2 5
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2x 4x 3
b.
5 3 4
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

9. Solve the following literal equations for the

variable y.
a. 3 ay 2x 5d 4y
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

1 3
b. 5y 1
x 4
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
10. Rearrange the following equations to make the
variable in brackets the subject.
a b 3
a. [b]
2c a
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. v2 u2 2as [a]
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

W X N W I X M V T P D O K I D S S L V
H A F U O R K B R P C F D A E N N M N
C K L G M I C O E K G E Q O N O O N Q
A O Z E R B N U R C N T U N O I I G F
R U M L V U E I N T K R X U M T T O V
Z G Z M M I N R I J N O P M I C C M N
Q L E E U F T T L Y L F S E N A A H T
C R R N Z T Y A C A U M O R A R R P Y
O A P W M L A G I W W E L A T F F K R
L T M K A W X T A C R S A T O C G D O
P J I W P O C L I X O Q S O R I N T Y
H R T V H Q E G I V G S V R S A I P Z
W A L E S R E V N I E T S B B R V R R
T N Y T U W L H W U E L K A V B L C S
W A O S B S W I I N A W A T X E O E P
R U O E J C A L I M I G N W X G V A T
N L J O Q Z K I X D I X R D Z L N W E
C N R C O E F F I C I E N T Y A I D R
U G L I N E A R E Q U A T I O N S R M

Associative law Algebraic fractions Closure law Coefficient

Commutative law Denominator Identity law Inverse law

Involving fractions Linear equations Number laws Numerator

Pronumeral Term

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

Code puzzle: In which country was the first practical

ice-making machine and refrigerator produced in
1856?
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

Match each statement on the left with the equivalent statement on the
right. The numbers and letters can be used to solve the code below.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

Checking for data entry errors

When entering numbers into an electronic device, or even writing numbers
down, errors frequently occur. A common type of error is a transposition
error, which occurs when two digits are written in the reverse order. Take the
number 2869, for example. With this type of error, it could be written as
8269, 2689 or 2896. A common rule for checking these errors is as follows.
If the difference between the correct number and the recorded number is a
multiple of 9, a transposition error has occurred.
We can use algebraic expressions to check this rule. Let the digit in the
thousands position be represented by a, the digit in the hundreds position by b, the digit in the tens position
by c and the digit in the ones position by d. So the real number can be represented as 1000a + 100b + 10c +d.

1. If the digits in the ones position and the tens position were written in
the reverse order, the number would be 1000a + 100b + 10d + c. The
difference between the correct number and the incorrect one would
then be: 1000a + 100b + 10c + d – (1000a + 100b + 10d + c).
a. Simplify this expression.
b. Is the expression a multiple of 9? Explain.
2. If a transposition error had occurred in the tens and hundreds position, the
incorrect number would be 1000a + 100c + 10b + d. Perform the procedure
shown in question 1 to determine whether the difference between the correct
number and the incorrect one is a multiple of 9.
3. Consider, lastly, a transposition error in the thousands and hundreds positions. Is the difference between
the two numbers a multiple of 9?
4. Comment on the checking rule for transposition errors.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 2 | Algebra and equations

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Coordinate geometry learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

3.2 Sketching linear graphs

3.3 Determining linear equations

3.4 Parallel and perpendicular lines

3.5 The distance between two points

3.6 The midpoint of a line segment

3.7 Applications and collinearity

WorkSHEET: Coordinate geometry I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Coordinate geometry II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

WorkSHEET: Coordinate geometry I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Write the coordinates of the points A to I shown on the

Cartesian plane below. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2. Complete the tables of values, then plot the graphs
on Cartesian planes.

a. y = x 3
...........................................................................................

x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
y

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

b. y = 4x
...........................................................................................

x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
y

3. The table of values for y 3x 4 is shown by

...........................................................................................
which of the following?

A x 2 1 0 1 2
y 1 2 3 4 5

B x 2 1 0 1 2
y 2 1 4 7 10

C x 2 1 0 1 2
y 2 4 6 8 10

D x 2 1 0 1 2
y 1 3 5 7 9

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

4. Make a table of values and plot a graph for each of the

following.
a. y 2x
...........................................................................................

b. y = x + 3
...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

c. y = 2x + 5
...........................................................................................

5. Find the gradient of each of the following linear

graphs.

a.
...........................................................................................

b.
...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

6. Find m and b for each of the following.

a.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

7.
...........................................................................................

Which of the following represents, respectively, the

gradient and y-intercept of the graph above?
A 2, 6

B 2, 6

C 3, 6
D 3, 6

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

8. Find the gradients of the lines joining these points:

a. (0, 3) and (4, 7)

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. ( 2, 2) and (1, 1)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. ( 1, 6) and (2, 9)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

9. A line which passes through the points A(5, 1) and

1
B(7, c) has a gradient of . Find the value of c. ...........................................................................................
2

...........................................................................................

10. Find the gradient of the line passing through (2, 6)

and (4, 6). What is special about this line?
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

WorkSHEET: Coordinate geometry II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

1. Find the equation of the graph shown.

............................................................................................

2
2. Sketch the graph of y = x 1 using the
3 ............................................................................................
gradient–intercept method.
............................................................................................

3. If the x-intercept for a linear graph is 4 and the

y-intercept is 2:
a. sketch the graph

b. find the equation of the linear graph.

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

4. Find the equation of a line with the same gradient

...........................................................................................
as the line y = 2x + 1 and passing through the
point (2, 4). ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

5. Consider the points A ( 5, 20), B (2, 1) and

...........................................................................................
C (4, 7).
These points all lie on the same straight line if it can ...........................................................................................

be shown that the gradient of AB is equal to the

gradient of BC. ...........................................................................................

Show that A, B and C lie on the same straight line.

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

6. Determine the rule for the straight line whose

x-intercept = 10 and y-intercept = –5. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

7. Find the distance between the pairs of points

............................................................................................
( 6, 5) and ( 2, 7) correct to 1 decimal place.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

8. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the

............................................................................................
points ( 3, 5) and ( 2, 11).
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

9. The midpoint M of a line segment PQ has the

coordinates (5, 4). If the coordinates of P are
(1, 6), find the coordinates of Q.

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

10. The line AB passes through the points A (4, 8)

and B (10, 17). The line PQ passes through the ............................................................................................

points P ( 2, 9) and Q (6, 3). Show that AB is ............................................................................................

parallel to PQ.

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

G H Q S Y V J D T P I C H F S M W S N J U Q
E B B M H C C N T G R D O D P I Y T K L K R
U N P Z N G A H W N V N O N W D D N J O S L
N H I X F R S R P D A H F K U P Y Q D A E F
L I F L D T I L T A T T D M Q O I T O Z N A
G W G A A I Q Q J E I N C D P I J M V V I X
J O U I D F Y F M N S E F Y R N G U J T L U
Z Q I Y R W O G M F C I A I X T M I B P T F
V U X Y G O N N E M F D A S Q O C H A X H Z
A I B W V I F Z O D U A S N Z F B R G R G K
J L I M H Q Q U H I V R N B P A A Q J Z I K
I O K P J H N I H C T G N B I L H I S A A H
A C A B A O L M Q X A A F X L I A D E W R V
O R J N Z S R T Q Z V M U E P N Y N Y C T X
G K G H M F P U F D A X L Q B E B P E T S R
Z H O R I Z O N T A L L I N E S G Y N C L B
U A K X F C X A W E I B K C B E I B X V O F
E J F Y N E Y A F N A M G Q S G X J M Z Z M
H P S I X V M C E L D N E G X M U G V I O Q
S E V R F Q R S B P P K I F E E J E J P M L
M M R S E N I L R A L U C I D N E P R E P V
E S E X A D Z Z K N H M I I O T K R I Y K R

Axes Equation of a line Gradient Graphing methods

Horizontal lines Cartesian plane Midpoint of a line segment Parallel lines

Perpendicular lines Origin Straight lines Quadrant

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

Code puzzle: Who won the inaugural 875 km Sydney

to Melbourne marathon in 1983?
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

The equations of the straight lines, in the form y = mx + c, that fit the given
information and the letter beside each give the puzzle’s answer code.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

What common computer symbol is this?

On computer hardware, and on many different software applications, a broad range of symbols is used. These
symbols help us to identify where things need to be plugged into, what buttons we need to push, or what
option needs to be selected. The main focus of this task involves constructing a common symbol found on
the computer. The instructions are given below. Grid lines have been provided on the opposite page for you
to construct the symbol.

The construction part of this task requires you to graph nine lines to reveal a common computer symbol.
Draw the scale of your graph to accommodate x- and y-values in the following ranges: −10 ≤x ≤16 and −10
≤y ≤16. Centre the axes on the grid lines provided.
Consider two lines of longitude, 0° and 100°E. Take two points, P1 and P2, lying on the equator on lines of
longitude 0° and 100°E respectively.
● Line 1 has an equation y = x − 1. Graph this line in the range −7 ≤ x ≤ −2.
● Line 2 is perpendicular to line 1 and has a y-intercept of −5. Determine the equation of this line, and then
draw the line in the range −5 ≤ x ≤ −1.
● Line 3 is parallel to line 1, with a y-intercept of 3. Determine the equation of the line, and then graph the
line in the range −9 ≤ x ≤ −4.
● Line 4 is parallel to line 1, with a y-intercept of −3. Determine the equation of the line, and then graph
the line in the range −1 ≤ x ≤ 2.
● Line 5 has the same length as line 4 and is parallel to it. The point (−2, 3) is the starting point of the line,
which decreases in both x- and y-values from there.
● Line 6 commences at the same starting point as line 5, and then runs at right angles to line 5. It has an x-
intercept of 1 and is the same length as line 2.
● Line 7 commences at the same starting point as both lines 5 and 6. Its equation is y = 6x + 15. The point
(−1, 9) lies at the midpoint.
● Line 8 has the equation y = −x + 15. Its midpoint is the point (7, 8) and its extremities are the points
where the line meets line 7 and line 9.
● Line 9 has the equation 6y −x + 8 = 0. It runs from the intersection of lines 4 and 6 until it meets line 8.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

1. Determine what common computer symbol you have drawn.

2. The top section of your figure is a familiar geometric shape. Use the coordinates on your graph, together
with the distance formula to determine the necessary lengths to calculate the area of this figure.
3. Using any symbol of interest to you, draw your symbol on grid lines and provide instructions for your
design. Ensure that your design involves aspects of coordinate geometry that have been used throughout
this task.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 3 | Coordinate geometry

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress
Simultaneous linear equations and
learnON
inequations

Pre-test Date completed:

4.2 Graphical solution of simultaneous
linear equations
4.3 Solving simultaneous linear equations
using substitution
4.4 Applications of simultaneous linear
equations
4.5 Solving simultaneous linear and non-
linear equations
4.6 Solving linear inequalities

4.7 Inequalities on the Cartesian plane

4.8 Solving simultaneous linear
inequalities
WorkSHEET: Simultaneous linear equations
Date completed:
and inequations I
WorkSHEET: Simultaneous linear equations
Date completed:
and inequations II
Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

WorkSHEET: Simultaneous linear equations and

inequations I
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using a graphical method: ...........................................................................................

x y 1 ...........................................................................................

2 x y 11 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

2. Using a graphical method, show that there is no

solution to following pair of simultaneous ............................................................................................

equations. ............................................................................................
y 2x 4 ............................................................................................
4x 2 y 9 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

3. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using the substitution method. ...........................................................................................

x 4 2y ...........................................................................................

5 x 2 y 32 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

4. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using the substitution method. ...........................................................................................

y 3x 7 ...........................................................................................

2 x 5 y 48 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
5 Find the equation of a straight line with:

a. gradient = 3 and y-intercept = −2

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
1
b. gradient = and y-intercept = 3
...........................................................................................
2

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

6. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using the substitution method.
............................................................................................
1
x 1 3y ............................................................................................
4
6x 2 y 5 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
7. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations
using the elimination method. ............................................................................................

4 x y 12 ............................................................................................

2 x y 12 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

8. Find the equation of a straight line with:

a. gradient = 2, passing through (1, 4)

...........................................................................................

b. gradient = −4, passing through (−2, 5)

...........................................................................................

9. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using the elimination method. ...........................................................................................

5 x 2 y 24 ...........................................................................................

3x y 1 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

10. Find the equation of the straight line passing through

the points:

a. (1, 5) and (3, 1)

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. (−2, −5) and (4, −2)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

11. Find the gradient and y-intercept of the following linear

functions:
a. y = 3x – 4
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 3x – 5y = 10
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
12. Sketch the graph of 2x – 3y = 6.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

13. Sketch the graph of:

a. x = 4

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

b. y = −3

3
14. a. Show that x is the solution to the inequality
4
............................................................................................
6x 1
5 3x .
2 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. Find the equation of a straight line with:

i. gradient = 3 and y-intercept = −2 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................
1
ii. gradient = and y-intercept = 3
2 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

15. Determine the intersection points of the following

pair of equations ............................................................................................

y x 2 11 ............................................................................................

y x 5 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

WorkSHEET: Simultaneous linear equations and

inequations II
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using a graphical method: ...........................................................................................

y 1 4x ...........................................................................................
y 2x 7
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

2. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using the substitution method: ............................................................................................

x 1 y ............................................................................................

2 x 3 y 17 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
3. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations
using the elimination method: ............................................................................................

x 4y 6 ............................................................................................

3 x 6 y 15 ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

4. Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations

using the elimination method: ...........................................................................................

4x 9 y 7 ...........................................................................................

3x 6 y 4 ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

5. Find two numbers whose sum is 23 and whose

difference is 27. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

6. A rectangular swimming pool has a perimeter of

50 metres. Let x be the width of the pool. The length ............................................................................................

is 9 metres more than the width. ............................................................................................

By writing an expression for the length of the pool,
determine the perimeter of the pool in terms of x. ............................................................................................
What are the dimensions of the pool? ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

7. A moneybox contains only 10c and 20c coins.

There are 54 coins altogether, totalling $8.60. ............................................................................................

Let x be the number of 10c coins. ............................................................................................

Let y be the number of 20c coins.
Write expressions for the total number of coins and ............................................................................................
for the total value of the coins in terms of x and y. ............................................................................................
How many of each type of coin are there?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
8. Nicholas buys 4 pears and 3 apples for $2.75.
Nadia buys 7 pears and 5 apples for $4.70. ............................................................................................

Let p represent the cost of a pear and a represent ............................................................................................

the cost of an apple (in cents).
How much does each type of fruit cost? ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

9. Three adults and 5 children pay $62.30 to enter the

zoo, whereas 4 adults and 3 children pay $60.70. ...........................................................................................

Let a represent an adult’s entry fee and c represent a ...........................................................................................

child’s entry fee (in cents). What was the entry fee
for each adult and each child? ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

10. A straight line has the equation ax by 23. The

...........................................................................................
points (5, –2) and (1, –5) lie on the line. Find the
values of a and b. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

11. Solve the following inequality.

x 2 3(1 x) ............................................................................................
4 2
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
12. Sketch the half-planes indicated by the following
inequalities.
a. y > x + 2
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

b. y < x – 3
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

13. Sketch the half-plane indicated by the following

inequalities.
a. y ≥ −3
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

b. x ≥ 1
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

14. Sketch the half-plane indicated by the inequality

4x – 3y > 12. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

15. Show the region on the number plane where the

inequalities y > x – 1 and y < 4 – x both hold true. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

N Q H W J Y Q A W Z Z K G P U Y E R Y S D E Z S A A R
S O H O T E D C U B Y O M R J I I S C F N F I N V L C
P P I Q N E R F K F R Q A F A A L S Q I Z N D O H O B
C X E T S O L U T I O N Z Y I P G W L N T F X I A T B
Z A F C C I V O U S Z I H G J W H N S E O V O T Z B I
B A J K I E E Z G O Z A P X Q H E I R Q P D B A Z Z E
M H H V X A S U C U Z K Q Q K K G S C U L P V U R J Q
H L D Z I D L R B S A R S R O B E D E A A L D Q I X H
S V A S R L F C E I F Q C R S C U A M L L R L E O J O
N L W B Z O W I A T B M B O T J O W H I B L G R C Q Y
T C G V G Q K O T S N L L I S B T J X T C E Y A R C Q
T I W J Q O P Q Q G E I O J N V X K K Y M W G E G C D
K K K A Y L V U V H D N F B B I G N M V W U P N B R B
T C R E M P X S A L O S K O Q Y H C A Z H A H I K A M
C S M Q S H G O I F B H X N T K S X L G J R T L V D K
V W L C N B V N R J X A J Q G N B C F M W G I S S M Q
Y C H V P B E E O F F Z O I K G I U N T G D S U U U J
U C O E B L G G H H H C K F O N B O Q U Z N T O B S X
T M H K G I J O P E W N A I Q T M Z P A O F I E S N P
N U Z G O V T A A I S S R E P G J P S I N C K N T F R
J R N N D T Z R M V E E L I M I N A T I O N P A I O O
Y H S M S D O H T E M P Z I H W L A K I C Y L T T D Z
B V N A I E N H G U C V O A C O U Q C G Y M H L U L T
L X R S V J N G F T R S I D S Q C B T J L R Z U T H X
B V A K D T S I K S I C O B E P P G R S J C M M I P N
D E Q Z L O Z T O G I F O N K M B U K Q L I J I O H O
V R G J C R K D V V L F I A Z X R I M B W C E S N S E

Broken line Elimination Graphically Inequality

Intersection of regions Methods Point of intersection Simultaneous linear equations
Inequations Solution Special case Substitution
Solid line

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

Code puzzle: This world-first medical event took

place in 1986.
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Use the substitution method to solve the following simultaneous equations.

The letters and answers give the puzzle’s answer code.

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

Project
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Documenting business expenses

In business, expenses can be represented
graphically, so that relevant features are clearly
visible. The figure at right compares the costs of
hiring cars from two different car rental companies.
It will be cheaper to use Plan 1 when travelling
distances less than 250 kilometres, and Plan 2 when
travelling more than 250 kilometres. Both plans
cost the same when you are travelling exactly 250
kilometres.

Jim works as a travelling sales representative. He needs to plan his next

business trip to Port Hedland, which he anticipates will take him away
from the office for 3 or 4 days. Due to other work commitments, he is
not sure whether he can make the trip by the end of this month or early
next month. He plans to fly to Port Hedland and use a hire car to travel
when he arrives. Jim’s boss has asked him to supply documentation
detailing the anticipated costs for the hire car, based on the following
quotes received.

A1 Rentals $35 per day plus 28c per kilometre of travel

Cut Price Rentals $28 per day plus 30c per kilometre of travel

Jim is aware that, although the Cut Price Rentals deal looks cheaper, it
could work out more expensive in the long run, because of the higher
cost per kilometre of travel; he intends to travel a considerable distance.
Jim is advised by both rental companies that their daily hire charges are
due to rise by $2 per day from the first day of next month.
Assuming that Jim is able to travel this month and his trip will last 3
days, use the information given to answer questions 1 to 3.
1. Write equations to represent the costs of hiring a car from A1
Rentals and Cut Price Rentals. Use the pronumeral C to represent the cost (in dollars) and d to represent
the distance travelled (in kilometres).

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

2. Plot the two equations from question 1 on the set of axes provided to show how the costs compare over
1500 km.

3. Use the graph to determine how many kilometres Jim would have to travel to make the hire costs the
same for both rental companies.
4. Assume Jim’s trip is extended to four days. Use an appropriate method to show how this changes the
answer found in question 3.
For questions 5 to 7, assume that Jim has delayed his trip until next month when the hire charges have
increased.
5. Write equations to show the cost of hiring a car from both car rental companies for a trip lasting:
a. 3 days
b. 4 days.
6. Plot the four equations from question 5 on the set of axes provided to show how the costs compare over
1500 km

7. Comment on the results displayed in your graph.

8. Jim needs to provide his boss with documentation of the hire car costs, catering for all options. On a
separate sheet of paper, prepare a document for Jim to hand to his boss.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 4 | Simultaneous linear equations and inequations

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

My progress

Trigonometry I learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

5.2 Pythagoras’ theorem

5.3 Pythagoras’ theorem in three dimensions
(10A)
5.4 Trigonometric ratios
5.5 Using trigonometry to calculate side
lengths
5.6 Using trigonometry to calculate angle size

5.7 Angles of elevation and depression

5.8 Bearings

5.9 Applications

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry I (I) Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry I (II) Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry I (I)

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. An aeroplane takes off and reaches a height of 1500 m

...........................................................................................
after travelling an overland distance of 12 km. What is
the distance covered by the plane, in km? ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

2. a. If the area of a square is 25 cm2, find the length of

...........................................................................................
the diagonal. Leave your answer in exact form.

Hint: Let x = length of the diagonal.

...........................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

b. If the area of a square is 100 m2, find the length

of the diagonal. Leave your answer in exact form.

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
3. Josef and Maria walk to school every morning as
shown in the figure. Josef decides to take the shortcut ............................................................................................
through the park. How much distance does he save
............................................................................................
(in km)?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

4.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

Find the length of GD and hence find the length of ED ............................................................................................

correct to 2 decimal places.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

5.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

By first finding the length of ED, find the length ...........................................................................................

of AE, and hence find the length of AC. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

6. The sloping side of a cone is 15 cm and the height

is 9 cm. Find the radius of the base. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

7. Beth places her straw in a can of soft drink. The

height of the can is 19 cm and the diameter is 8 cm. ............................................................................................
If the length of her straw is 26 cm, how much is it
............................................................................................
above the top of the can?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

8. A square-based pyramid has a base length of 18 cm

and a sloping face 60 cm high. Find the height of the ............................................................................................
pyramid.

............................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

a. Find the length of the sloping edge of the

pyramid. ...........................................................................................

Hint: Divide up a triangle of the pyramid into ...........................................................................................

2 identical right-angled triangles.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. Find the length of the sloping face of the
pyramid. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

10. A piece of cheese is in the shape of a right-angled

triangular prism with the dimensions shown. ............................................................................................

a. Find the length of the sloping sides (in cm),

correct to 2 decimal places. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. Find the area of the 2 sloping rectangles on the
top surface of the cheese, to the nearest cm2. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

11. Find the length of the side a in the figure below.

............................................................................................

12. Find the length of the side b in the figure below.

............................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

13. Find the size of the angle c in the figure below.

...........................................................................................

14. Find the length of the side d in the figure below.

...........................................................................................

15. Find the size of the angle e in the figure below to

the nearest minute. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry I (II)

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Using your calculator, determine the following,

correct to 4 decimal places:

a. tan(72°)
...............................................................................................
b. cos(13°22')
...............................................................................................
2. Find the angle for each of the following in degrees.
a. sin( ) = 0.934
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
b. tan( ) = 0.1
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
3. Find the value for each of the following, correct
to 1 decimal place:
a. 45 cos(57°)
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

34
b.
tan(14 58 ')
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

4. Find the length of the side a in the figure below.

...............................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

5. Find the size of the angle b in the figure below.

..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

6. Find the length of the side c in the figure below.

..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

7. Find the length of the side d in the figure below.

..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

8. Find the size of the angle e in the figure below.

..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

9. Find the length of side f in the figure below.

..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

10. Find the size of the angle g in the figure below.

...............................................................................................

11. Find the length of the side f in the figure below.

...............................................................................................

12. A post 14 m high casts a shadow 25 m long.

What is the angle of elevation of the sun to the
nearest minute?

...............................................................................................

13. From the top of a vertical cliff, 72 m high, the angle

of depression to a ship is 7º11'. How far from the
base of the cliff is the ship?

...............................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

14. A chord of a circle subtends an angle of 64º at the

centre. If the chord is 13 cm long, what is the ..............................................................................................
radius of the circle? Hint: Observe the right-angled
..............................................................................................
triangles being defined in the figure below.

...............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

15. The diameter of a vertical cone is 65 cm and its

semi-vertical angle is 13º. Calculate the length of ..............................................................................................
the slant edge of the cone. Hint: Observe the
..............................................................................................
right-angled triangle being defined in the figure
below.

...............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

X R E Q W O N B N X T A D G O L H A H
U U S V A V I C E B I E Q O G S H O T
S G U V V G Z T I A P L I X I H I T R
X S N W P Q B Q A R R T H S I B Z H O
E R E T S Q N E E R A I G C N B B A N
N B T S U H R S U R E U N U C M Y C E
H P O Q W U S N T C T N K G G C S H U
J P P O H I H N H O P S I M S E T O R
C G Y X O I E G H S X O A S G R D S T
K I H N E G Q J S I V Z P E O I X D L
M Y U I N T O I J N A L H N P N J I B
A D J A C E N T Z E N O I T A V E L E
V D T Q L S G N I R A E B E U R T S S
O L F U P N Z Q Q A F X O A L M R C A
T R I G O N O M E T R I C R A T I O S
K C B Z F W J K A I A M J S S W I R Y
I L F U J X P H I O G Q J E R Q T U N
O P P O S I T E E S E Z W T O Z D V K
M E R O E H T S A R O G A H T Y P F A

Adjacent Bearings Cosine ratio Depression

Elevation East Hypotenuse North

Opposite Pythagoras’ theorem Sine ratio SOHCAHTOA

Tangent ratio Trigonometric ratios True bearings True north

West

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

Code puzzle: What will Sir have to follow the chicken?

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Find the size of the angles marked to the nearest degree.

Shade in the box containing each of these angles. The remaining
boxes contain letters that spell out the customer’s reply.

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

How steep is the land?

When buying a block of land on which to build a house, the slope of the
land is often not very obvious. The slab of a house built on the ground
must be level, so it is frequently necessary to remove or build up soil to
obtain a flat area. The gradient of the land can be determined from a
contour map of the area.
Consider the building block below right. The contour lines join points
having the same height above sea level. Their measurements are in
metres. The plan clearly shows that the land rises from A to B. The task
is to determine the angle of this slope.
1. A cross-section shows a profile of the surface of the ground. Let us look at the cross-section of the
ground between A and B. The technique used is as follows.
● Place the edge of a piece of paper on the line joining A and B.
● Mark the edge of the paper at the points where the contour lines intersect the paper.
● Transfer this paper edge to the horizontal scale of the profile and mark these points.
● Choose a vertical scale within the range of the heights of the contour lines.
● Plot the height at each point where a contour line crosses the paper.
● Join the points with a smooth curve.

The cross-section has been started for you. Complete the profile of the line AB. You can now see a visual
picture of the profile of the soil between A and B.

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

2. We now need to determine the horizontal distance between A and B.

a. Measure the map distance between A and B using a ruler. What is the map length?
b. Using the scale of 1 : 500, calculate the actual horizontal distance AB (in metres).
3. The vertical difference in height between A and B is indicated by the contour lines. What is this vertical
distance?
4. Complete the measurements on this diagram.

5. The angle a represents the angle of the average slope of the land from A to B. Use the tangent ratio to
calculate this angle (to the nearest minute).
6. In general terms, an angle less than 5° can be considered a gradual to moderate rise. An angle between 5°
and 15° is regarded as moderate to steep while more than 15° is a steep rise. How would you describe
this block of land?
7. Imagine that you are going on a bush walk this weekend with a group of friends. At right is a contour
map of the area. Starting at X, the plan is to walk directly to the hut.
Draw a cross-section profile of the walk and calculate the average slope of the land. How would you
describe the walk?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 5 | Trigonometry I

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

My progress

Surface area and volume learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

6.2 Area

6.3 Total surface area

6.4 Volume

WorkSHEET: Surface area and volume I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Surface area and volume II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

WorkSHEET: Surface area and volume I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Convert the following to the units indicated.

a. 200 mm2 (m2)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 1.5 km2 (m2)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. 200 000 cm2 (m2)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

2. Find the areas of the shapes below.

...........................................................................................

b.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

3. Find the area or shaded area of the shapes below

correct to 2 decimal places.
a.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

b.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

4. Find the shaded areas in the shapes below correct to

1 decimal place.

a.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

5. A piece of aluminium 24 cm by 48 cm has 72 circles

of diameter 4 cm cut from it. What is the area of the ...........................................................................................
aluminium left over?
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

6. A 1.5-m wide pathway is constructed around the

outside of a new rectangular estate that is 300 m
by 500 m. What is the area of the pathway?

...........................................................................................

7. Find the area of the object in the figure below.

(Answer correct to 1 decimal place). ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
8. Find the area of the sector of a circle shown in the
figure below, correct to 1 decimal place. The radius
of the circle is 2 cm. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

9. What is the radius of a circle which has an area

approximately the same as that of a square of side ............................................................................................
length 10 cm?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

10. A square is enlarged by a factor of 3. What is the area

of the enlarged square compared with the area of the ............................................................................................
original square?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

11. A sphere has a radius of 4.5 cm. Find, correct to

1 decimal place:
a. the volume
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. the surface area.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

12. Convert the following measures of volume to the

units specified.
a. 5.6 litres = __________ cm3
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
3
b. 3.1 m = ___________ litres
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. 0.0045 m3 = ___________ cm3
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
13. How many litres of water could a cube of side
length 10 m hold? ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
14. Find the volumes of the following:

a. a cube of side length 75 cm

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. a rectangular prism 14 cm by 18 cm by 22 cm.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
15. Find the volumes of the following (correct to the
nearest whole number):
a. a sphere of diameter 15 cm
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. a cylinder of diameter 4 cm and height 8 cm.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

WorkSHEET: Surface area and volume II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Convert the following area units to those indicated.

a. 400 cm2 (m2)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. 1 km2 (m2)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
c. 250 mm2 (m2)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

2. A square paddock has an area of 1 ha. What is the

side length of the paddock? ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
3. Find the area of the shapes below.
a.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

4. Find the area of the figure below.

...........................................................................................

5. Calculate the total surface area of:

a. a cube of side length 15 cm
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. a rectangular prism 6 cm by 8 cm by 11 cm.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

6. Find the surface area of the triangular prism shown

below.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

7. Calculate the total surface area of:

a. a closed cylinder of height 12 cm and diameter
8.2 cm (answer correct to 1 decimal place) ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. a sphere with diameter 36 cm (answer to the
nearest whole number). ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

8. Calculate the total surface area of the triangular prism

below. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
9. Calculate the total surface area of:

a. a closed cone of diameter 5.6 cm and slant height

9.4 cm ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

b. a square-based pyramid with base 34 m and slant

face of height 42 m. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

10. A greenhouse is to be constructed as per the

dimensions in the figure below. Calculate the area of ............................................................................................
plastic required to cover the walls and roof of the
............................................................................................
greenhouse.

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

11. Find the volumes of the following (correct to the

nearest whole number):

a. a square-based pyramid with base length 12 m and

vertical height 16 m ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. a cone with diameter of 6 cm and vertical
height of 7 cm. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

12. Four balls, each with diameter 7 cm, are placed in a

cylinder. What is the smallest volume the cylinder ...........................................................................................
could be to hold all four balls? How much unused
...........................................................................................
space is in the cylinder?
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

13. How much water is required to fill the swimming pool

depicted in the figure below? ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

14. A sphere has a volume of 500 cm3. What is the

radius of the sphere? ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

15. A block of ice in the shape of a cube is made from

1 L of water. What is the length of the side of the ............................................................................................
ice cube?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

I A E R A E C A F R U S L A T O T B R
R F M U T M V B T Z E F M Z U D E N E
R E Y J W Y T I C A P A C S T Q L H C
B B C V Y S C R Q Z D C P O I Y L W T
Z L S T E U H B E G F M G M O R I S A
F O F I A O G X N E C J B W E I P F N
L O P F M N D M O M C J J O G E S Y G
G I Z B R J G J C R O Y G R B N E R U
V B U O F G R L A K G N L U F I M S L
F S R O T C E S E Z K R C I X E U D A
M A R G O L E L L A R A P T N B I I R
A V C U R V E D S H A P E S A D Z M P
Q U A D R I L A T E R A L S A J E A R
E T R I A N G L E N R B V R K E P R I
V L G U Q H E T T T E E E O Y R A Y S
V U C S Q Q T C T H N A H L L A R P M
D T R R G G A T H Z P N I P M U T P A
C T Z V I E M B R Y H F M Q S Q M C S
U M Y G E C M Y B F K W B J G S W E M

Area Capacity Circle Cone

Cube Curved shapes Cylinder Ellipse
Parallelogram Prisms Pyramids Quadrilaterals
Rectangle Rectangular prism Rhombus Sector
Sphere Square Total surface area Trapezium
Triangle Volume

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

Code puzzle: Australian inventions!

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

The answers to the measurement problems give the puzzle’s code.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

So close!
Humans must measure! Imagine what a chaotic world it would be if we didn’t measure anything. Some of the
things we measure are time, length, weight and temperature; we also use other measures derived from these
such as area, volume, speed.
Accurate measurement is important. The accuracy of a measurement depends on the instrument being used to
measure and the interpretation of the measurement. There is no such thing as a perfectly accurate
measurement. The best we can do is learn how to make meaningful use of the numbers we read off our
devices. It is also important to use appropriate units of measurement.

Measurement errors
When we measure a quantity by using a scale, the accuracy of our measurement depends on the markings on
the scale. For example, the ruler shown can measure both in centimetres and millimetres.
Measurements made with this ruler would have ± 0.5 mm added to the measurement. The quantity ± 0.5 mm
is called the tolerance of measurement or measurement error.

1
Tolerance of measurement = × size of smallest marked unit
2
For a measurement of 5.6 ± 0.5 mm, the largest possible value is 5.6 cm + 0.5 mm = 5.65 cm, and the
smallest value is 5.6 cm − 0.5 mm = 5.55 cm.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

1. For the thermometer scale at right:

a. determine the temperature
b. state the measurement with its tolerance
c. determine the largest and smallest possible values.
2. Calculate the largest and smallest values for:
a. (56.2 ± 0.1) – (19.07 ± 0.05)
b. (78.4 ± 0.25) × (34 ± 0.1).

Significant figures in measurement

A significant figure is any non zero-digit, any zero appearing between two non-zero digits,
any trailing zeros in a number containing a decimal point, and any digits in the decimal
places. For example, the number 345.6054 has 7 significant figures, whereas 300 has 1
significant figure.
The number of significant figures is an expression of the accuracy of a measurement. The greater the number
of significant figures, the more accurate the measurement. For example, a fast food chain claims it has sold 6
000 000 000 hamburgers, not 6 453 456 102. The first measurement has only 1 significant figure and is a
very rough approximation of the actual number sold, which has 10 significant figures.
Reducing the number of significant figures is a process that is similar to rounding.

Rounding and measurement error in calculations

When you perform calculations, it is important to keep as many significant digits as practical, and to perform
any rounding as the final step. For example, calculating 5.34 ×341 by rounding to 2 significant figures before
multiplying gives 5.30 ×340 =1802, compared with 1820 if the rounding is carried out after the
multiplication.
Calculations that involve numbers from measurements containing errors can result in answers with even
larger errors. The smaller the tolerances, the more accurate the answers will be.
3. a. Calculate 45 943.450 3 × 86.765 303 by:
i. first rounding each number to 2 significant figures
ii. rounding only the answer to 2 significant figures.
b. Compare the two results.
Error in area and volume resulting from an error in a length measurement
The side length of a cube is measured and incorrectly recorded as 5 cm. The actual size is 6 cm. The effect of
the length measurement error used on calculations of the surface area is shown below. Complete the
calculations for volume.
Error used in length measurement = 1 cm
Surface area calculated with incorrectly recorded value = 52 × 6 = 150 cm2
Surface area calculated with actual value = 62 × 6 = 216 cm2
216 -150
Percentage error = × 100% ≈ 30.5%
6
4. a. Complete a similar calculation for the volume of the cube using the
incorrectly recorded length.
What conclusion can you make regarding errors when the number of dimensions increase?
b. Give three examples of a practical situation where an error in measuring or recording would have a
potentially disastrous impact.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 6 | Surface area and volume

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

My progress

Quadratic expressions learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

7.2 Expanding algebraic expressions

7.3 Factorising expressions with three terms

7.4 Factorising expressions with two or four
terms
7.5 Factorising by completing the square

7.6 Mixed factorisation

WorkSHEET: Quadratic expressions I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Quadratic expressions II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

WorkSHEET: Quadratic expressions I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Expand and simplify the following:

a. (4x – 1)(2 – 3x)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. (x + 4)(1 + x) (x + 3)( x – 5)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2. Expand and simplify the following:
a. (7 x 3)2
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. (x 3)2 2(4 x)2
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
3. Expand and simplify the following:

a. (x – 5)(x + 5)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. (2a – 1)(2a + 1)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

4. Expand and simplify the following:

a. 3(m – 3)2
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. 2(w – 4)(w + 4)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
5. Factorise:
a. x2 – 49i2
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2
b. 5x – 125
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
6. Factorise:
a. 3x2 – 6x + xy – 2y
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. 14a2b – 7ab2 + 2a – b
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
7. Factorise:

a. x2 – 7x – 18
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2
b. b – 9b – 36
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

8. Factorise:

a. 3x2 – 14x – 5
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 5g2 + 8g – 21
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
9. Factorise:

a. x2 – 6x + 9
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2
b. 4x + 12x + 9
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

10. Factorise the following by looking for a

common factor first:

a. 2x2 – 14x + 24
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 6x2 + 27x – 15
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

WorkSHEET: Quadratic expressions II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Factorise –25x(a – 3n) – 15xy(a – 3n).

...............................................................................................

2. Factorise 8x2 – 12xy –2px + 3py.

...............................................................................................

3. Factorise (x + 1)2 – y2.

...............................................................................................

4. Factorise 36x2 – 25y2.

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

5. Factorise a2 + 24a – 25.

...............................................................................................

6. Factorise 6x2 – 5x – 6.
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

7. Complete the square for each of the following

expressions:

a. x2 8x
..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

b. m 2 6m
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
8. Factorise the following by completing the square:

a. x2 8 x 15
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

b. x 2 12 x 20
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
9. Factorise the following by completing the square:

a. x2 2x 5
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

b. x2 6x 3
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

10. Factorise each of the following:

a. 20x2 – 4x
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2
b. x – 13
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

c. 3x2 + 14x – 5
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

G X W U Z Q N C C R J F S T N O
D N D D M G X U O H Y S M R N L
T O I X Z N T Q M A U J R I F J
O H F S R R L C M K S V E N I Y
R F R F I P S V O O Q E T O F X
B N B E A R M G N D X L G M W E
J I R D E T O F F P M L N I B Z
U Q N M B A I T A N Y Z I A B C
V G G O G N N N C Q F E P L B D
U X R C M H D D T A A R U S D I
F O I G O I R P O G F K O V A Y
O P G A N N A S R N G K R T Y W
F X Z G G S L L O Q E E G W L F
A X U S N O I S S E R P X E I F
P E R F E C T S Q U A R E S H D
U K U W O W T D N A O W T L A B

Binomials Common factor Expanding Expressions

Factorising Grouping terms Perfect squares ‘Three and one’

Trinomials ‘Two and two’

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

Code puzzle: Isaac Newton demonstrated this

in 1665.
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Factorise the trinomials on the left of the page. Join the dot next to each
with the dots next to its factors, using straight lines. The two lines will
pass through a letter and number giving the puzzle’s code.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

Celebrity squares and doubles

In small groups or as a class, use the process of elimination to find your ‘square and double pair’ by playing
‘Celebrity squares and doubles’ as outlined below.

Equipment: roll of calculator paper, scissors, sticky tape, marker pen

1. Set-up
● Make a class set of headbands. Each headband will be part of a matching pair made by a number
being squared and that same original number being doubled (16 and 8 would be a pair, because
42 = 16 and 4 × 2 = 8). Your teacher will direct the class as to what number should be written on
each headband.
● Place the headbands randomly on a table.
2. Beginning the game
● There is to be no communication between players at this time.
● Your teacher will randomly allocate a headband to each player by placing a headband on their head
without the player seeing the number on their headband.
3. Playing the game
The object of the game
● The object of the game is to use the process of elimination for you to find your pair.
Starting the game
● Once all headbands have been allocated, stand in a circle or walk around freely.
● Without speaking, determine who is a match; then, by a process of elimination, determine who might
be your match.
Making a match
● When you think you have found your match, approach that person and say ‘I think I am your match.’
● The other player should now check to see if you have a match elsewhere and can reply by saying one
of two things: ‘Yes, I think I am your match,’ or ‘I know your match is still out there.’
● If a match is agreed upon, the players should sit out for the remainder of the game. If a match is not
agreed upon, players should continue looking.
Ending the game
● The class should continue until everyone is in a pair, at which time the class can check their results.
● The class should now discuss the different trains of thought they used to find their pair and how this
relates to factorising quadratic trinomials.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 7 | Quadratic expressions

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

My progress

Quadratic equations learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

8.2 Solving quadratic equations algebraically

8.3 The quadratic formula

8.4 Solving quadratic equations graphically

8.5 The discriminant

WorkSHEET: Quadratic equations I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Quadratic equations II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

WorkSHEET: Quadratic equations I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Solve for x:
a. (x – 3)(x + 5) = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. −2x(3x – 4) = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2. Solve for x:
a. (x – 6)(x + 5) = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. (5 – 2x)(x + 7) = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
3. Solve for x:

a. x2 + 8x + 16 = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2
b. x – 34x + 120 = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

4. Solve for x:
a. x2 – 64 = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2
b. 4x – 49 = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
5. Solve for x:
a. x2 + 7x = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2
b. 6x – 15x = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
6. Solve for x:
a. 2x2 – x – 6 = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

b. 6x2 7x – 20 = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
7. Complete the square for each of the following
expressions:
a. x2 8x
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. m2 6m
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
8. Factorise the following by completing the square:

a. x2 8 x 15
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

b. x2 12 x 20
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
9. Find the solutions to the following equations. Give
exact answers.

a. x2 2x 5 = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. x2 6x 3 = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
10. Find the exact solutions to the following equations.

a. 20x2 – 4x = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

b. x2 – 13 = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. 3x2 + 14x – 5 = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

WorkSHEET: Quadratic equations II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Solve each of the following equations by completing

the square:

a. x2 – 8x + 7 = 0 ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

.............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

b. x2 + 9x + 1 = 0 ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

2. State the values of a, b and c in each of the following

if the quadratic formula was to be used:

a. 3x2 x 4 0
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

b. 3 4 x 2 0
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................
3. Use the quadratic formula to find exact answers for x
in each of the following:
a. x2 2x 9 0
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

b. 7 x2 x 2 0
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

4. Use the quadratic formula to find approximate

answers for x, correct to 3 decimal places, in each
of the following:

a. x2 x 1 0
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
2
b. 3 x 12 x 5 0
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

5. Use the graph to find the solutions (x-intercepts,

sometimes referred to as roots) to the quadratic ...........................................................................................
equation x2 – 5x + 6 = 0.

6. Use the graph to find the solutions (x-intercepts) to

the quadratic equation –x2 + x – 12 = 0. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

7. Find the value of the discriminant, , for each of the

following quadratics:

a. 2x2 – 5x – 9 = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2
b. 3x – 13x – 10 = 0
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

8. Which of the quadratics in question 7 has rational

solutions? Explain your answer. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

9. Find the value of for each of the following

quadratics:

a. 3x2 7x + 10 = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2
b. 4x + 36x + 81 = 0
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

10. Explain the nature of the solutions of the quadratics

in question 9. (You do not need to actually solve ............................................................................................
them.) Explain your answers.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

S H P A R G G N I T C E P S N I
E L V G I T D S S U K R K K L U
L V K F N F L O R Y L A X K W P
J A I K V S R L O R Y U U X O U
I U N T S M A U B P N Q I S O D
F N N O A A N T F C H S I S O G
H I T C I G H I X F N T E N R O
A Q A E C T E O J E I C W O E Y
P W W X R R A N H V A E F I Z W
R C D F E C I R E Y H F E T U B
U R A O O Z E C I T A R D A U Q
K X T Q X S F P O N A E N U J H
L O X S N G J F T T N P P Q J A
N U L L F A C T O R L A W E U K
D I S C R I M I N A N T Q I M B
O R D R S T N E P R E G N I Y X

Inspecting graphs Negative Perfect square Null Factor Law

Intercept Solution Positive Quadratic

Equations Discriminant Rational Zero

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

Code puzzle: Aussie fact

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Factorise each of the following and then solve for x to discover the puzzle code.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

Weaving
Many articles of clothing are sewn from materials that show designs and
patterns made by weaving together threads of different colours. Intricate and
complex designs can result. Let’s investigate some very simple repetitive-type
patterns. Knowledge of quadratic equations and the quadratic formula is
helpful in creating these designs.
We need to understand the process of weaving. Weaving machines have parts
called warps. Each warp is divided into a number of blocks. Consider a
pattern that is made up of a series of blocks, where the first block is all one
colour except for the last thread, which is a different colour. Let’s say our
pattern is red and blue. The first block contains all red threads, except for the
last one, which is blue. The next block has all red threads, except for the last two threads, which are blue.
The pattern continues in this manner. The last block has the first thread as red and the remainder as blue. The
warp consists of a particular number of threads, let’s say 42 threads. How many blocks and how many
threads per block would be necessary to create a pattern of this type?
To produce this pattern, we need to divide the warp into equally
sized blocks, if possible. What size block and how many threads
per block would give us the 42-thread warp? We will need to
look for a mathematical pattern. Look at the table (opposite),
where we consider the smallest block consisting of 2 threads
through to a block consisting of 7 threads.

Number of threads per Number of Total threads in

Pattern
block blocks warp
RB 2 1 2
RRB RBB 3 2 6
RRRB RRBB
4
RBBB
5
6
7
1. Complete the entries in the table.
2. Consider a block consisting of n threads.
a. How many blocks would be needed?
b. What would be the total number of threads in the warp?
The 42-thread warp was chosen as a simple example to show the
procedure involved in determining the number of blocks required
and the number of threads per block. In this particular case, 6
blocks of 7 threads per block would give us our design for a 42-
thread warp. In practice, you would not approach the problem by
drawing up a table to determine the number of blocks and the size
of each block.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

3. Take your expression in question 2b and let it equal 42. This should form a quadratic equation. Solve
this equation to verify that you would need 6 blocks with 7 threads per block to fulfil the size of a 42-
thread warp.
4. In reality, the size of each block is not always clearly defined. Also, the thread warp sizes are generally
much larger, say, about 250. Let’s determine the number of threads per block and the number of blocks
required for a 250-thread warp.
a. Form your quadratic equation with the thread warp size equal to 250.
b. A solution to this equation can be found using the quadratic formula. Use the quadratic formula to
determine a solution.
c. The number of threads per block is represented by n and this obviously must be a whole number.
Round your solution down to the nearest whole number.
d. How many whole blocks are needed?
e. Use your solutions to c and d to determine the total number of threads used for the pattern.
f. How many more threads do you need to make the warp size equal to 250 threads?
g. Distribute these threads by including them at the beginning of the first block and the end of the last
block. Describe your overall pattern.
5. Investigate the number of blocks required and threads per block required for a 400-thread warp.
6. Investigate changing the pattern. Let the first block be all red. In the next block change the colour of the
first and last threads to blue. With each progressive block, change the colour of an extra thread at the top
and bottom to blue until the last block is all blue. On a separate sheet of paper, draw a table to determine
the thread warp size for a block size of n threads. Draw the pattern and describe the result for a particular
warp size.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 8 | Quadratic equations

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

My progress

Non-linear relationships learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

9.2 Plotting parabolas from a table of values

9.3 Sketching parabolas using transformations

9.4 Sketching parabolas in turning point form

9.5 Sketching parabolas in expanded form

9.6 Exponential graphs

9.7 Inverse proportion

9.8 Sketching the hyperbola

9.9 Sketching the circle

WorkSHEET: Non-linear relationships I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Non-linear relationships II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

WorkSHEET: Non-linear relationships I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. For each of the following graphs, state the coordinates

of the turning point and whether it is a maximum or a
minimum:
a. y = (x + 3)2 7
...........................................................................................
b. y = −(x – 4)2 + 2
...........................................................................................
2. For each of the following graphs, state the coordinates
of the turning point, whether it is a maximum or a
minimum, and whether it is narrower or wider than
y = x2.
a. y = 0.2(x – 5)2 – 4
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. y = −6(x + 4)2 + 9
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
3. Describe the translations required to change
y = x2 into:
a. y = (x – 7)2 + 6
...........................................................................................
2
b. y = (x + 8) – 9
...........................................................................................

4. State the equation of each of the following:

a.
...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

b.
............................................................................................

5. For the equation y = (x – 2)2 + 5:

a. state the coordinates of the turning point
............................................................................................
b. state whether it is a maximum or minimum
............................................................................................
c. state the y-intercept
............................................................................................
2
d. state if it is wider or narrower than y = x
............................................................................................
e. sketch the curve.

6. For the equation y = −(x + 1)2 – 4:

a. state the coordinates of the turning point
............................................................................................
b. state whether it is a maximum or minimum
............................................................................................
c. state the y-intercept
............................................................................................
d. state if it is wider or narrower than y = x2
............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

e. sketch the curve.

7. For the equation y = 2(x 1)2 – 3:

a. state the coordinates of the turning point

...........................................................................................
b. state whether it is a maximum or minimum
...........................................................................................
c. state the y-intercept
...........................................................................................
d. state if it is wider or narrower than y = x2
...........................................................................................
e. sketch the curve.

8. Complete the square on each of the following to find

the equation and therefore the coordinates of the
turning point:

a. y 2x2 10 x 9
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

b. y 3x2 11x 1
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
2
9. Sketch the graph of y = x + 4x + 9 using the
completing the square method to find the coordinates ............................................................................................
of the turning point.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

10. Sketch the graph of y x 2 6 x 7 using the

...........................................................................................
x-intercepts to find the coordinates of the
turning point. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

WorkSHEET: Non-linear relationships II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Plot the graph of y = x2 for values of x from

−3 to 3 inclusive. State the equation of the axis x
of symmetry and the coordinates of the turning y
point.

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
2
2. Plot the graph of y = −x for values of x from
−3 to 3 inclusive. State the equation of the axis x
of symmetry and the coordinates of the turning y
point.

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

3. Plot the graph of y = x2 – 1 for values of x from

−3 to 3 inclusive. State the equation of the axis x
of symmetry and the coordinates of the turning y
point.

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
2
4. Plot the graph of y = (x – 1) for values of x from
−3 to 3 inclusive. State the equation of the axis x
of symmetry and the coordinates of the turning y
point.

...............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

5. Plot the graph of y = (x + 1)2 − 1 for values of x

from −3 to 3 inclusive. State the equation of the x
axis of symmetry and the coordinates of the y
turning point.

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
6. For the equation y = x2 + 2:
a. state the vertical translation
...............................................................................................
b. state the coordinates of the turning point
...............................................................................................
c. sketch the curve.

7. For the equation y = (x + 2)2:

a. state the horizontal translation

...............................................................................................
b. state the coordinates of the turning point
...............................................................................................
c. sketch the curve.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

8. Sketch the graph of the following quadratic

equations:
a. y = 2x2

b. y = 1 x2
2

9. On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of the

quadratic equations y = x2 and y = −x2.

10. Sketch each of the following quadratic equations:

a. y = −(x – 2)2

b. y = 2 – x2

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

Q O E A N E K T R S V D L Q X

C V S T U V R W T X E I A U W

W T W J O A N P P A R L T A Y

U L D F D T E K L D T A N D R

X K N I Z C P O S K I T O R T

R I U R R C B M Y J C I Z A E

O S C E O R I A Y X A O I T M

K J T C E N T R E S L N R I M

L N W P N D F R C O A S O C Y

I I Y P A R A B O L A H H O S

Y H U I N C V K N K E A R K Y

X M S B R I Z O O U Z S H F A

S L A I T N E N O P X E K V W

T U S N O I T C E L F E R O J

T U R N I N G P O I N T A F K

Asymptote Symmetry Intercepts Centre

Circles Dilations Exponentials Horizontal

Hyperbola Parabola Quadratic Radius

Reflections Turning point Vertical

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

Code puzzle: Olympic games facts

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

The turning point of each of the following parabolas will

help solve the code puzzle.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

Parametric equations

You are familiar with the quadratic equation y = x2 and its resulting graph. Let us consider an application of
this equation by forming a relationship between x and y through a third variable, say, t.
x = t and y = t2
It is obvious that these two equations are equivalent to the equation y = x2. This third variable t is known as a
parameter, and the two equations are now called parametric equations. We cannot automatically assume that
the resulting graph of these two parametric equations is the same as that of y = x2 for all real values of x. It is
dependent on the range of values of t.
Consider the parametric equations x = t and y = t2 for values of the parameter t ≥ 0 for questions 1 to 3.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

1. Complete the following table by calculating x- and y-values from the corresponding t-value.

t x y
0
1
2
3
4
5

2. Graph the x-values and corresponding y-values on this Cartesian

plane. Join the points with a smooth curve and place an arrow on
the curve to indicate the direction of increasing t-values.
3. Is there any difference between this graph and that of y = x2?
Explain your answer.
4. Consider now the parametric equations x =1 − t and y = (1 –t)2.
These clearly are also equivalent to the equation y = x2. Complete
the table and draw the graph of these two equations for values of
the parameter t ≥ 0. Draw an arrow on the curve in the direction of
increasing t-values.

t x y
0
1
2
3
4
5

Describe the shape of your resulting graph. What values of the parameter t would produce the same
curve as that obtained in question 2?
5. The graph of y = −x2 is a reflection of y = x2 in the x-axis. Construct
a table and draw the graph of the parametric equations x = t and
y = −t2 for parameter values t ≥ 0. Remember to place an arrow on
the curve in the direction of increasing t-values.
6. Without constructing a table, predict the shape of the graph of the
parametric equations x = 1 − t and y = −(1 –t)2 for parameter values
t ≥ 0. Draw a sketch of the shape.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 9 | Non-linear relationships

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

My progress

Deductive geometry learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

10.2 Angles, triangles and congruence

10.3 Similar triangles

10.4 Quadrilaterals

10.5 Polygons

WorkSHEET: Deductive geometry I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Deductive geometry II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

WorkSHEET: Deductive geometry I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Find the values of the pronumerals in the following

pair of congruent triangles. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

2. Find the values of the pronumerals in the following

pair of congruent triangles. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

3. Prove that ABC CDA.

...........................................................................................

4. Prove that PQR TSR if PQ = TS and

...........................................................................................
PQ ST .
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

5. AD and BC are diameters of a circle centred at O.

Prove that AOB DOC. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

6. Find the value of the pronumeral, a, in the pair of

similar triangles.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

7. Find the value of the pronumeral, d, in the figure

below.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

8. AB DE. Prove that ABC~ EDC.

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
9. Prove that ABC~ ADE.

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

10. Find the value of the pronumeral, c, in the figure

below.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

11. Prove that if one angle in a parallelogram is 90°, the

quadrilateral is a rectangle. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
12. Use congruence to prove that the main diagonal of a
kite bisects the angles it passes through. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

13. Prove that the opposite sides of a parallelogram

are equal. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
14. Prove that the main diagonal of a rhombus bisects
the angles it passes through.

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
15.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

What sort of quadrilateral is ABCD? Give reasons. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

WorkSHEET: Deductive geometry II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Prove that ABC = ACB.

...............................................................................................

2. Prove that each angle in an equilateral triangle

is 60°. ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
3. In the figure below, ...............................................................................................
prove that BAC = DCA
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

4. In the figure below, prove that DB bisects AC.

...............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

5. The following question appeared in a Maths test.

...............................................................................................
In PQR and SRT,
...............................................................................................
QP RS, RP TS and QR = RT
...............................................................................................
Prove that PQR SRT.
...............................................................................................
Andrew drew the following diagram.
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

Answer the question, and comment on Andrew’s ...............................................................................................

diagram.
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

6. What is the definition of a parallelogram?

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
7. True or false?
a. A trapezium has 2 equal sides.
...............................................................................................
b. The diagonals in a rhombus are equal in
length. ...............................................................................................

c. The diagonals in a square bisect the angles

they pass through. ...............................................................................................

8. Name four quadrilaterals with opposite angles

equal. ...............................................................................................

9. Name any quadrilaterals with diagonals that bisect

each other. ...............................................................................................

10. Name three quadrilaterals with diagonals that are

perpendicular to each other. ...............................................................................................

11. True or false?

a. A quadrilateral with four equal sides must be a

square. ...............................................................................................

b. A parallelogram has equal diagonals.

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

12.
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

Prove that MNST is a parallelogram. ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

13.
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

HO = OF and HGO = OEF. ...............................................................................................

Prove that EFGH is a parallelogram. ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

14.
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

What sort of quadrilateral is ABCD?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

15. In a quadrilateral, AB = CD, DO = OB and

AC BD.
Show that ABCD is a rhombus.

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

L Q Z O S O S S P L O G B Q Y

V E K S B O F U C R H Z M U S

L S N L P G I O B S Z A G A C

M O C G K G N T I M R K S D A

P Q B T T G B M A G O R H R L

C W G M R H I Z O R T H R I E

J K L U Y L S L K U R O S L F

T Z E F A S E J W L A M E A A

U N Q R E L C N R E P B L T C

T G I Z L O T C U L E U G E T

W T K A Z S I D A L Z S N R O

Y H R S L A N O G A I D A A R

Q A L Y I D G F I R U F I L L

P E R A U Q S V D A M W R S G

E L G N A T C E R P V T T G M

Length Bisecting Congruent Diagonals

Ratios Parallel Parallelogram Quadrilaterals

Rectangle Rhombus RHS Scale factor

Similarity Square Symbol Trapezium

Triangles

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

Code puzzle: Why was the archaeologist upset?

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

The triangles in each pair are congruent.

Find the unknown in each to solve the puzzle.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

Enlargement activity
Enlargement is the construction of a bigger picture from a
small one. The picture is identical to the other except that
it is bigger. The new picture is often called the image.
This can also be called creating a similar figure.
The geometrical properties shared by a shape and its
image under enlargement can be listed as:
● lines are enlarged as lines
● sides are enlarged to corresponding sides by the same
factor
● matching angles on the two shapes are equal.
In this activity, we will start with a small cartoon character, and then ‘blow it up’
to almost life-size.
Equipment: ruler, pencil, cartoon print, butcher’s paper or some other large piece
of paper.
1. Do some research on the internet and select a cartoon character or any
character of your choice.
2. Draw a grid of 2 cm squares over the small cartoon character.
Example: The small Casper is 9 squares wide and 7 squares tall.
3. Label the grids with letters across the top row and numbers down the first
column.
4. Get a large piece of paper and draw the same number of squares. You will have to work out the ratio of
similitude (e.g. 2 cm : 8 cm).
5. If your small cartoon character stretches from one side of the ‘small’ paper (the paper the image is
printed on) to the other, your ‘large’ Casper must stretch from one side of the ‘big’ paper to the other.
Your large grid squares may have to be 8 cm by 8 cm or larger, depending on the paper size.
6. Draw this enlarged grid on your large paper. Use a metre ruler or some other long straight-edged tool. Be
sure to keep all of your squares the same size.
● At this point, you are ready to DRAW. Remember, you do NOT have to be an artist to produce an
impressive enlargement.
● All you do is draw EXACTLY what you see in each small cell into its corresponding large cell.
● For example, in cell B3 of the Casper enlargement, you see the tip of his finger, so draw this in the
big grid.
● If you take your time and are very careful, you will produce an extremely impressive enlargement.
● What you have used is called a RATIO OF SIMILITUDE. This ratio controls how large the new
picture will be.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

A 2 : 5 ratio will give you a smaller enlargement than a 2 : 7

ratio, because for every two units on the original you are
generating only 5 units of enlargement instead of 7.
If Casper’s ratio is 1 : 4, it produces a figure that has a linear
measure that is four times bigger.
Big Casper’s overall area, however, will be 16 times larger
than small Casper’s. This is because area is found by taking
length times width.
The length is 4 times longer and the width is 4 times longer.
Thus the area is 4 × 4 = 16 times larger than the original Casper.
His overall volume will be 4 × 4 × 4 or 64 times larger! This means that big Casper will weigh 64 times
more than small Casper.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 10 | Deductive geometry

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

My progress

Probability learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

11.2 Review of probability

11.3 Tree diagrams

11.4 Independent and dependent events

11.5 Conditional probability

WorkSHEET: Probability I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Probability II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

WorkSHEET: Probability I
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 playing cards. What

is the probability the card drawn is:
a. a red card
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. a heart
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. an ace?
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

2. Two dice are rolled.

What is the probability that:
a. the first die shows a 6
...........................................................................................
b. the second die shows an odd number?
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

3. 120 Year 10 students are surveyed on subject

satisfaction.
90 students like Maths and 105 students like English.
80 students like both subjects.
What is the probability that a student selected at
random likes:

............................................................................................

a. English
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. English only
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
c. neither Maths nor English?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
4. Write the following odds as probabilities:
a. 4–1
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. 2–5
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

c. 1–1
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
5. Write the following probabilities as odds:

a. 1
4
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b. 3
10
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
6. State the event that is complementary to each of the
following:
a. a coin landing Heads
...........................................................................................
b. rolling less than 4 with a die
...........................................................................................
c. selecting an ace from a standard deck.
...........................................................................................

7. The weather bureau forecasts the chance of rain for

the next day as 60%. What is the probability of it not ...........................................................................................
raining the next day?
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
8. A set of cards is numbered {1, 2, 3, 4 … 24, 25}.
A card is selected at random. Find:
a. P(not an even number)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

b. P(not a multiple of 5).

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
9. A bag contains 30 balls of which 12 are red, 7 are
blue and the rest black. Find: ............................................................................................

............................................................................................
a. P(not black)
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. P(neither red nor black).
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
10. A raffle has 500 tickets. Kylie, Nicholas, Sergei
and Damian purchased 120 tickets between them. ............................................................................................
What is the probability that none of them wins?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................
11. A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. What is the
probability of an even number on the die and Tails ............................................................................................
on the coin?
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

12. An 8-sided die and a 4-sided die are rolled. Find:

a. P(total of 7)
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. P(total is a multiple of 3).
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
13. A netball player can shoot a goal 6 times out of
every 10 throws. What is the probability of her
shooting 2 goals from the next 2 throws? ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
14. A bag contains 30 apples of which 4 are rotten.
Two apples are selected. What is the probability of
selecting:

a. 2 bad apples
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

b. 1 good and 1 bad apple?

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
15. Annette is late for work once every 10 days. Glenda
her assistant is late for work once every 5 days. What
is the probability that:
a. they are both on time
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b. only one of them is on time?

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

WorkSHEET: Probability II
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. A die is rolled. What is the probability that the

number is an odd number or a 4?
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

2. A set of cards is numbered {1, 2, 3 … 16}.

A card is selected at random. Find:

a. P(multiple of 5 or a multiple of 6)
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

b. P(a number less than 7 or greater than 8).

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
3. A card is selected at random from a pack of
52 playing cards. Find:
a. P a heart or a black card
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

b. P an ace or a picture card (J,Q, K) .

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

4. In a harness race, the odds of two horses winning

are, respectively, 5–1 and 2–1. What is the
probability that either horse wins? ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

5. A card is selected at random from a pack of

52 playing cards. Find:
a. P a diamond or a red card
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
b. P a queen or a black card .
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

6. Two fair coins are tossed. Draw a tree diagram and

find the probability of tossing:

a. 2 Heads
..............................................................................................

b. a Head and a Tail. ..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................
7. A coin is tossed and a die is rolled.
a. Draw a tree diagram to show the sample
space.

b. Find the probability of getting a Tail with a

number greater than 4. ..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

8. Two dice are rolled. Use a tree diagram to find the

probability of rolling:

a. two sixes
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
b. one six
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................
c. at least one six.
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

9. A 2-digit number is to be formed using the digits

1, 2 and 3. If the same number can be used twice,
find the probability that the number formed is:

a. 31

...............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

b. greater than 30
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................
c. odd.
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

10. Repeat question 9 if the same digit cannot be used

twice.

a. 31

..............................................................................................
b. greater than 30
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................
c. odd.
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

11. A gambling game requires the gambler to correctly

match 2 balls drawn from a barrel containing 99
numbered balls. What is the probability the gambler
correctly matches:

a. both balls
...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................

b. one of the balls?

...............................................................................................

12. Campbell has a 0.6 chance of passing a spelling test

and a 0.8 chance of passing a numeracy test.
a. Find the probability that Campbell passes
both his tests. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. Find the probability that Campbell passes
only one test. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
13. In her drawer, Mai has 6 blue socks and 4 red
socks. Mai randomly selects 2 socks. What is the ............................................................................................
probability of Mai selecting 2 socks with the same
............................................................................................
colour?

............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

14. Two cards are randomly selected from a pack of

cards. What is the probability both cards are:

a. black
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

b. clubs
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................
c. aces
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

d. black aces?
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................
15. In a class of 28 students, 2 students are selected at
random. Mark and Elise are two students in this
class. What is the probability that:

a. one of them is selected

..............................................................................................

b. both are selected?

..............................................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

C G M B S D T S C F Y I T O O G V Y Y N J Y T O E
T O J I R S I J T R E K N P G D C H R O I M Q U V
H W N V H P G H N N N C Q T U D L Q F I F N H T I
E M T D Z Y M T U S E H N S E Q Z A Q N W T A C S
O Y O F I Z Z R F T Q V N O W R V I Z U Z W R O U
R E G B O T X P K N U K E S I O S O O A I B L M L
E Q N Z T S I V Q E A S C T U T Z E I O S S Z E C
T V I H B E Z O T V L Q R R N F C S C E G K W S X
I A V N B A Y O N E L T A X M E H E M T L M U I E
C Z S E T A Q T R A Y B E C X M D O S H I N A U Y
A O G R O U L H Z C L J E S F N C N L R I O R H L
L Z M L A N D N N E I P C H I T S J E V E X N X L
P N Y G F L L E O G K B R W U M J N E P O T K U A
R I F S H W U U A Q E C W O A H G R V G E E N N U
O R T K U Q T W B Z L A E R B D S N I P T D M I T
B V R T E C O R S D Y L G T R A K W P A D S B K U
A Z P R O T W G W N B A P R L G B P P M O Z L B M
B F F M D M F S O I I V B S K N C I P X P Y F E G
I L E X O U G M S D S D E A S A M P L E S P A C E
L S S X N S U S N Z T T G G B I C Z G I V U A P B
I P K C Q Q O N Y C N E U Q E R F E V I T A L E R
T I N D E P E N D E N T E V E N T S D Z C Y D V R
Y S T N E V E Y R A T N E M E L P M O C Z B H U M
J V H X C E R T A I N Q Z F Z X Y Q A P A N W P O
E L B I S S O P M I R P D D N X G B T N S C O W B

Certain Conditional probability Equally likely Favourable outcomes

Impossible Intersection Mutually exclusive Possible outcomes
Sample space Theoretical probability Universal set Complementary events
Dependent events Events Frequency Independent events
Outcomes Relative frequency Set Union
Venn diagrams

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

Code puzzle: The study of . . .

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Each probability and the letter beside it give the puzzle’s

answer code. Discover the matching word for each definition.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

Tricky dice
Dice games have been played throughout the world for many years. Professional
gamblers resort to all types of devious measures in order to win. Often the other
players are unaware of the tricks employed.
Imagine you are playing a game that involves rolling two dice. Instead of having
each die marked with the numbers 1 to 6, let the first die have only the numbers
1, 2 and 3 (two of each) and the second die the numbers 4, 5 and 6 (two of each).
If you were an observer to this game, you would see the numbers 1 to 6
occurring and probably not realise that the dice were not the regular type.

1. Complete the grid at right to show the sample space on rolling these two dice.
2. How many different outcomes are there? Compare this with the number of different outcomes using two
regular dice.

3. What is the chance of rolling a double using these dice?

4. The numbers on the two dice are added after rolling. Complete the table at right to show the totals
possible.

5. How many different totals are possible? What are they?

6. Which total do you have the greatest chance of rolling? Which total do you have the least chance of
rolling?
7. If you played a game in which you had to bet on rolling a total of less than 7, equal to 7 or greater than 7,
which option would you be best to take? Explain why.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

8. If you had to bet on an even-number outcome or an odd-number outcome, which would be the better
option? Explain your answer.
9. The rules are changed to subtracting the numbers on the two dice instead of adding them. Complete the
following table to show the outcomes possible.

10. How many different outcomes are possible in this case? What are they?
11. What is the most frequently occurring outcome? How many times does it occur?
12. Devise a game of your own using these dice. On a separate sheet of paper, write out rules for your game
and provide a solution, indicating the best options for winning.

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 11 | Probability

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Univariate data learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

12.2 Populations and samples

12.3 Measures of central tendency

12.4 Measures of spread

12.5 Box plots

12.6 The standard deviation

12.7 Comparing data sets

12.8 Evaluating inquiry methods and

statistical reports
WorkSHEET: Univariate data I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Univariate data II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

WorkSHEET: Univariate data I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Find the mean of each of the following data sets.

a. 3, 6, 4, 9, 1, 2, 7, 4, 7, 8
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b. 1.3, 1.8, 1.1, 1.9, 1.9, 1,7, 1.0, 2.0

...........................................................................................

c. 76, 82, 12, 119, 82, 50, 45, 39, 71

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2. Find the median of each of the following data sets.

a. 27, 82, 50, 62, 75, 91, 7

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 5, 7, 3, 8, 9, 2, 7, 8, 4, 10
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. 9.5, 9.2, 9.4, 9.7, 9.8, 9.3, 9.5, 9.2
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

3. Find the mode of each of the following data sets.

a. 37, 32, 30, 32, 35, 31, 36

...........................................................................................

b. 10, 11, 13, 18, 19, 12, 17, 15, 14, 20

...........................................................................................

c. 6.5, 6.2, 6.4, 6.7, 6.8, 6.3, 6.5, 6.2

...........................................................................................

4. Consider the stem-and-leaf plot shown below

that shows a class of students’ results on a
Mathematics exam.
Key: 7 | 3 = 73
Stem | Leaf
5 | 7, 8, 8
6 | 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9
7 | 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7
8 | 2, 4, 6, 6, 9
9|0

a. Find the mean.

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. Find the median.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. Find the mode.
...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

5. The frequency table below shows the scores obtained

by 100 professional golfers in the final round of a
tournament.

Score Frequency
67 2
68 5
69 8
70 11
71 16
72 22
73 14
74 13
75 9

For the data set, calculate: ...........................................................................................

a. the mean
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. the median

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. the mode.
...........................................................................................

6. For each of the following data sets find the range.

a. 18, 11, 16, 7, 18, 20, 45, 16
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b.
Score Frequency ...........................................................................................
12 8 ...........................................................................................
14 19
16 31
18 6
20 4
c. Key 1 | 7 = 1.7
...........................................................................................
Stem | Leaf
0|7889 ...........................................................................................

1|0224566899
2|111245

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

7. For each of the following data sets find the

interquartile range
a. 34, 56, 82, 90, 23, 74, 83, 44, 2, 60
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. 1.2, 1.0, 1.9, 1.6, 1.6, 1.7, 1.4, 1.2
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. 4, 2, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 1, 4, 5, 3
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

8. The data in the table below shows the number of

medals won by a particular country at a series of
20 Olympic games.
Key 2 | 3 = 23
Stem | Leaf
0|9
1|01124589
2|133379
3|00122
a. What is the median number of medals won?
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. Find the range.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

c. Find the interquartile range.

...........................................................................................

9. The table below shows the life of a sample of

100 light globes.

Life (hours) Frequency

500 < 600 5
600 < 700 19
700 < 800 24
800 < 900 32
900 < 100 20

a. Represent the data using an ogive.

b. Use the ogive to estimate the median of

...........................................................................................
the data.
c. Use the ogive to estimate the interquartile range.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

10. Give an example of each of the following.

...........................................................................................
a. A data set with a mean of 10.
b. A data set with a median of 11.5.
c. A data set with a range of 49.
d. A data set with an interquartile range of 32.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

WorkSHEET: Univariate data II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. The box-and-whisker-plot drawn below shows the

maximum temperature each day over one year in
an outback town.

Use the box-and-whisker plot to find:

a. the median maximum temperature

...........................................................................................

b. the range
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. the interquartile range.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2. Draw a box-and-whisker plot that has a median
of 40, range of 40 and interquartile range of 25. .............................................................................................

3. The box-and-whisker plot below shows the amount of

money raised (in $1000) for charity at several
collection points around Australia.

a. Find the median amount of money collected.

...........................................................................................

b. What is the range?

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. Find the interquartile range.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

4. The ages of 24 people who enter a talent quest are

shown below. .............................................................................................

16, 19, 23, 28, 25, 17, 18, 20, 26, 21, 25, 24, .............................................................................................
17, 18, 20, 23, 22, 19, 24, 25, 26, 21, 22, 19
.............................................................................................
Display the data in the form of a box-and-
whisker-plot. .............................................................................................

.............................................................................................

5. Find the standard deviation of each of the

following data sets. Give your answers correct
to 2 decimal places.
a. 3, 5, 7, 2, 6, 3, 8, 4, 6, 7
............................................................................................

b. 17, 5, 82, 70, 12, 47, 82, 39

............................................................................................

c. 0.8, 0.2, 0.8, 0.5, 0.1, 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.5
............................................................................................

6. Find the standard deviation of each of the following

data sets. Give your answers correct to 2 decimal
places.
a.
Score Frequency ............................................................................................
1 5
2 11
3 21
4 14
5 9

b.
Score Frequency
............................................................................................
6 19
7 12
8 6
9 10
10 13

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

7. Consider the frequency distribution table below.

Class Class centre Frequency

1 5 5
6 10 8
11 15 14
16 20 10
21 25 3

a. Complete the class centre column.

b. Use your calculator to find the mean and the

standard deviation of the distribution. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
8. Find the mean and standard deviation of the data
shown in the stem-and-leaf-plot shown below. .............................................................................................

Key 1 | 5 = 1.5
.............................................................................................
Stem | Leaf
0|88899
1|0012245567779
2|0003345

9. Consider the two data sets below

Data set A: 45, 48, 49, 50, 50, 54, 54
Data Set B: 12, 38, 42, 56, 60, 68, 74
a. Calculate the mean of each data set.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. Without actually calculating the standard
...........................................................................................
deviation which data set has the lower standard
deviation? Explain how you came to this ...........................................................................................
conclusion.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

10. Consider the distances jumped by two long jumpers

(in metres).
Sandra: 4.76, 4.85, 4.84, 4.86, 4.81
Tracy: 4.56, 4.85, 4.69, 4.98, 5.04
a. Calculate the mean distance jumped by
both girls. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................
b. Calculate the standard deviation for both
girls. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................
c. What conclusions can you make about the
performance by each girl? ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

C H P X W O F S R Y C J A Z N Y M M P L A V Q N A M
A U W O Z L W G Z F S B G A V O E R X A D T W Z P E
S X M S S D O Y B B U O E S Z A U A U C B Y J Y V A
M U L U G I E S D I X M S O S D Z N D I S H X I I S
E D P U L Z T G E Y Y Y S U E S Q G P R G O E O K U
D O M S D A Q I L Y I M R S K A L E N T S X G F E R
O G S B Z Y T E V F L E X E A X L U A E A P N Z Z E
C H E T Y F V I R E S A W L I L A B M M T N A H J S
R N P O O I Y E V O L E I E F C C C Q M P X R L Q O
F A F H T L Q J F E D Y F M T T N L T Y M C E L J F
W T T A V U P S U M F H I N M U E P A S W B L W D C
B T G A E I P F H E Q R V J N E D L H D D F I Z D E
K E X N D R D J A R M N E J M U O P B C O Z T Y W N
N R C U E D O N P E M L P Q B V M R F B O M R B K T
E Y X A V I E O H T L L O L U P D R C E L P A M K R
Q A D E S K C P P Z D D I F X E P W Q I P G U G G A
Z W E M F V B Q U C I D N B J M N P Z Y G Y Q P Q L
O U T L I E R S X O V G T A Y O T C E D Q D R Q S T
Z X P D X O W W X V R J S M M E Y J Y W F C E J R E
S D F K R Q C H J D P G U N B E N E W P I J T H M N
O A H J J L N K G T I V M U L X T I C C O G N E H D
V B I M O D A L V Q U H M H T X J S D V F L I C P E
J L N I C Z E I G Z K D A W O D H E V E A O Y R H N
N A I D E M W K Z K F G R S S E N W E K S G G G W C
L K A S Y B Y W Q N U W Y Q G R N O A Z O X X M O Y
S N O I T A T N E S E R P E R L A C I H P A R G E N
F R E Q U E N C Y D I S T R I B U T I O N T A B L E

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

Cumulative
Bi-modal Five point summary Frequency
frequency polygon

Frequency distribution Graphical

Grouped data Interquartile range
table representations

Measures of central
Mean Measures of spread Median
tendency

Modal class Mode Negatively Outliers

Positively Range Skewed Skewness

Stem-and-leaf plots Symmetrical

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

Code puzzle: Medical discovery of 1928

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Using technology where appropriate, calculate the required measures

of central tendency for each of the following data sets to find the
puzzle’s code.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

Cricket scores
Data are used to predict, analyse, compare and measure many
aspects of the game of cricket. Attendance is tallied at every
match. Players’ scores are analysed to see if they should be
kept on the team. Comparisons of bowling and batting
averages are used to select winners for awards. Runs made,
wickets taken, no-balls bowled, the number of ducks scored in
a game as well as the number of 4 s and 6 s are all counted and
analysed after the game. Data of all sorts are gathered and
recorded, and measures of central tendency and spread are then
calculated and interpreted.
Sets of data have been made available for you to analyse, and
decisions based on the resultant measures can be made.
Batting averages
The following table shows the runs scored by four cricketers
who are vying for selection to the state team.

Player Runs in the last 25 matches Mean Median Range IQR

13, 18, 23, 21, 9, 12, 31, 21, 20, 18, 14, 16, 28,
Will
17, 10, 14, 9, 23, 12, 24, 0, 18, 14, 14, 20
2, 0, 112, 11, 0, 0, 8, 0, 10, 0, 56, 4, 8, 164, 6,
Rohit
12, 2, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 8, 18, 0
12, 0, 45, 23, 0, 8, 21, 32, 6, 0, 8, 14, 1, 27, 23,
Marnus
43, 7, 45, 2, 32, 0, 6, 11, 21, 32
2, 0, 3, 12, 0, 2, 5, 8, 42, 0, 12, 8, 9, 17, 31, 28,
Ben
21, 42, 31, 24, 30, 22, 18, 20, 31

1. Find the mean, median, range and IQR scored for each cricketer.
2. You need to recommend the selection of two of the four cricketers. For each player, write two points as
to why you would or would not select them. Use statistics in your comments.
a. Will _________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Rohit ________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Marnus ______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Ben _________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

Bowling averages
The bowling average is the number of runs per wicket taken
[Link] runs scored
Bowling average
[Link] wicket taken

The smaller the average, the better the bowler has performed.
Josh and Ravi were competing for three bowling awards:
● Best in semifinal
● Best in final
● Best overall
The following table gives their scores.

Semifinal Final
Runs scored Wickets taken Runs scored Wickets taken
Josh 12 5 28 6
Ravi 10 4 15 3

3. Calculate the bowling averages for the following and fill in the table below.
● Semifinal
● Final
● Overall

Semifinal average Final average Overall average

Josh
Ravi

4. Explain how Ravi can have the better overall average when Josh has the better average in both the
semifinal and final.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 12 | Univariate data

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Bivariate data learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

13.2 Bivariate data

13.3 Lines of best fit by eye

13.4 Linear regression using technology (10A)

13.5 Time series

WorkSHEET: Bivariate data I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Bivariate data II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

WorkSHEET: Bivariate data I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

1. Describe the strength of the correlation between

the two variables shown in the graph below. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

2. Draw a diagram showing a strong positive

relationship between two variables. Explain why
the relationship is strong and why it is positive.

...........................................................................................

3. For a certain species of tree, the diameter of the

trunk and the age of the tree are recorded in the
following table.

Age (years) 2 4 6 8 10 12
Diameter (m) 0.5 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.1

Represent the data on a scatter plot.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

4. A person on a weight loss program has the

following monthly mass results recorded.

Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mass (kg) 120 114 107 101 89 86 78

Represent the data on a scatter plot.

5. For the graph drawn in question 3, mark in the

line of best fit.

a. What is the equation of the line?

............................................................................................

b. Predict the diameter when the tree is

20 years old. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

6. For the graph drawn in question 4, mark in the

line of best fit.

a. What is the equation of the line?

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
b. Predict the person’s mass at the beginning
of the weight loss program. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
7. A student carries out an experiment to measure the
stretch of an elastic band when weights are hung from
it. The results are recorded in the following table:

Mass (g) 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Stretch (cm) 0.8 1.7 2.3 3.1 4.1 4.6 5.5

a. Construct a scatter plot and mark in the

line of best fit.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

b. Find the equation of the line of best fit.

............................................................................................

............................................................................................
c. Predict the stretch of the elastic band when
500 g is hung from it. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

8. An interstate transport driver keeps a log each

hour of the distance remaining of a 1000-km
journey, as represented in the table below:

Time
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(hours)
Distance
1000 920 810 730 640 560 460
(km)

a. Construct a scatter plot and mark in the line of

best fit.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

b. Find the equation of the line of best fit.

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
c. Predict the time taken to complete the
journey. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
9. Is the prediction in question 8c an example of
interpolation or extrapolation? Explain the reason ...........................................................................................

for your answer. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
10. The prediction of values from a line of best fit is
considered to be reliable if three factors can be ...........................................................................................

observed. List these three factors. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

WorkSHEET: Bivariate data II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

1. Draw the line of best fit for the data in each of the
following figures using the equal-number-of-points
method.
a.

2. Find the gradient of each of the following linear

graphs.

a.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

3. Find the gradient and y-intercept for each of the

following.
a.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

4. Leo used matchsticks to build a model fence.

F represents the number of sections of fencing and M
represents the number of matchsticks. His results are
shown in the table below:

F 1 2 3 4 5
M 6 11 16 21 26

a. Plot these points on a Cartesian plane.

b. Is there a linear relationship? ...........................................................................................

c. Find the gradient and the y-intercept. ...........................................................................................

d. Use these values to form a linear equation. ...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

5. Akiko swims each lap of a 50-metre pool in two

minutes.
a. Copy and complete the following table.

Time (min) 2 4 6 8 10 Time (min) 2 4 6 8 10

Distance (m) 50 Distance (m)

b. Plot these points on a Cartesian plane, plotting

time on the x-axis and distance on the y-axis

c. Do the points form a linear relationship? ............................................................................................

d. Find the gradient and the y-intercept. ............................................................................................

e. Use these values to form a linear equation. ............................................................................................

6. A forensic scientist wished to establish the height of

adult females from the length of their ulnas. (The ulna
is one of the long bones in the forearm.) She measured
the heights of 10 skeletons and the length of the ulna
in each. Her results are shown below.

Length of ulna Height of skeleton

(cm) (cm)
24 160
22 156
25 160
20 150
25 163
23 162
26 165
24 156
21 155
25 164

a. Which is the independent variable? ............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

b. Construct a scatter plot showing height of

skeleton against length of ulna.

c. On the scatter plot, draw the line of best fit

and clearly label any two points on it.

d. Find the equation of this line of best fit drawn

in part c. ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

7. Classify the trends suggested by each of the following

time series graphs as being either:
i. linear or non-linear
ii. upward, downward or stationary.
a.
............................................................................................

b.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

8. Average daily temperatures in January were recorded

as follows.
23.6, 24.8, 24.2, 25.6, 25.3, 25.1, 26.8, 27.2, 27.2,
27.1, 27.7, 27.3, 27.7, 27.9, 28.1, 27.9, 28.5, 28.1,
28.0, 28.0, 28.1, 28.3, 28.4, 28.7, 28.6, 28.9, 29.0,
29.5, 29.1, 29.3, 29.4
a. Plot these temperatures as a time series
graph.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

b. Comment on the trend.

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
9. Sales of heaters in a department store over a
3-year period since the store opened are recorded as
follows.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

Yr 1 1 0 3 11 11 17
Yr 2 0 1 2 8 14 18
Yr 3 1 2 5 14 15 19

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Yr 1 19 18 11 11 4 2
Yr 2 22 16 11 8 3 2
Yr 3 25 22 12 12 4 3

a. Construct a time series plot for this data.

b. Describe any patterns and long-term trends.

........................................................................................................................

c. Give some reasons that could explain

fluctuations. ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

10. Construct a time series graph over a full year that

could represent the number of swimmers per month ........................................................................................................................

in a council operated outdoor pool that is kept at a

constant temperature all year round. Explain any
fluctuations.

........................................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

G G K Z G K F P T O I J F C O S E P A P P V C E
R A C E Y E U D Q M S I F S J V P B T R G T L B
A K G L I I Q X N E D P A R I G R O Y E B B B S
P N D V I K V J I D W L E T Y F Z E S D A Y D T
H P O V E X T R A P O L A T I O N H O I D I N O
I A B I O R E N V P A G E E M D O F R C T R Q L
C V N Y T S T W L T E N K C E R W A X T P I H P
A F M S E A W I I N X Q O N I J V X W I P B V R
L K S M Z O L O C N B I K Z Q T B P K O F T X E
R B I D N O N O K A G L O J N J M P H N W E U T
E T E X M S V K P J L N L E B G K F G S H R Y T
P T I D H M K T U R T A D A G A A F O D O C E A
R I V I C A G W O A E N X C C I R C S Y J Z F C
E F P R C H A N L L E T L I V F L X Q C S X G S
S T L H Z Z V A T P M Z N X S C S E J X E U T V
E S T N Q D X S E N I F W I D E Z Y J U T F E K
N E Y M U I D D N O R E L A T I O N S H I P F N
T B I Q S E L B A I R A V T N E D N E P E D N I
A F S T S I X E P I H S N O I T A L E R X Y V U
T O Q V S D B O C Q V K E E O D W O Y B R V F I
I E K U Q N M I J I H T W O V A R I A B L E S R
O N A H B I V Z T K A S H V T H B W V U A B Q O
N I M N G W V O L W C L N T Y V M D H R X E X M
S L T W Q E O R K Z E F Y O X J Y U M Y O L K G

Dependent variable Extrapolation Graphical representations Horizontal axis

Independent variable Interpolation Line of best fit Negative
No relationship Positive Predictions Relationship
Relationship exists Scatterplots Time series Two variables
Vertical axis

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

Code puzzle: What did the chewing gum say to

the shoe?
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Due date: .........................................

Use the two graphs to find the value of each letter to discover the puzzle’s
answer code.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

Collecting, recording and analysing data over time

A time series is a sequence of measurements taken at regular
intervals (daily, weekly, monthly and so on) over a certain period of
time. Time series are best represented using time-series plots, which
are line graphs with the time plotted on the horizontal axis.
Examples of time series include daily temperature, monthly
unemployment rates and daily share prices.
When data are recorded on a regular basis, the value of the variable
may go up and down in what seems to be an erratic pattern. These
are called fluctuations. However, over a long period of time, the
time series usually suggests a certain trend. These trends can be
classified as being linear or non-linear, and upward, downward or
stationary (no trend).

Time series are often used for forecasting, that is, making predictions about the future. The predictions made
with the help of time series are always based on the assumption that the observed trend will continue in the
future.
1. Choose a subject that is of interest to you and that can be observed and measured during one day or over
the period of a week or more. (Suitable subjects are shown in the list below.)
2. Prepare a table for recording your results. Select appropriate regular time intervals. An example is shown
below.

Time 8 am 9 am 10 am 11 am 12 am 1 pm 2 pm 3 pm 4 pm 5 pm
Pulse rate

3. Take your measurements at the selected time intervals and record them in the table.
4. Use your data to plot the time series. You can use software such as Excel or draw the scatterplot by hand.
5. Describe the graph and comment on its trend.
6. If appropriate, draw a line of best fit and predict the next few data values.
7. Take the actual measurements during the hours you have made predictions for. Compare the predictions
with the actual measurements. Were your predictions good? Give reasons.
Here are some suitable subjects for data observation and recording:
● minimum and maximum temperatures each day for 2 weeks (use the TV news or newspaper as
resources)
● the value of a stock on the share market (e.g. Telstra, Wesfarmers and Rio Tinto)
● your pulse over 12 hours (ask your teacher how to do this or check on the internet)
● the value of sales each day at the school canteen
● the number of students absent each day
● the position of a song in the Top 40 over a number of weeks
● petrol prices each day for 2 weeks
● other measurements (check with your teacher)
● world population statistics over time.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 13 | Bivariate data

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Polynomials learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

14.2 Polynomials (10A)

14.3 Adding, subtracting and multiplying
polynomials (10A)

14.4 Long division of polynomials (10A)

14.5 Polynomial values (10A)

14.6 The remainder and factor theorems (10A)

14.7 Factorising polynomials (10A)

14.8 Solving polynomial equations (10A)

WorkSHEET: Polynomials I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Polynomials II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ..............................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ..............................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

WorkSHEET: Polynomials I
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Consider the polynomial:

P( x) = −3 x 5 + 2 x 3 − x + 2
a. What is the degree of the polynomial?
..............................................................................

..............................................................................
b. What is the coefficient of x?
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
2. Which of the following are polynomial expressions?
a. x−3
..............................................................................

b. x 2 − 3x 1 + 2 x 0
..............................................................................

c. x 5 − 3x 2 + 2 x −1
..............................................................................

..............................................................................

..............................................................................
d. 1
5 2
x − 3x + 2 x 2 ..............................................................................

..............................................................................

..............................................................................
e. 5 x 5 − 3x 2 + 2 x
..............................................................................

3. Simplify fully if:

P(x) = x3 − 3x2 + 6x − 4

and Q(x) = 5x4 + 3x3 + 6x − 7

a. Q(x) + P(x)
..............................................................................

..............................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

b. Q(x) − P(x)
...............................................................................

...............................................................................

4. Expand ( x − 2)( x + 4 )( x − 5 ) .
...............................................................................

...............................................................................

Expand 2(3 − x) (4 x + 1) .
2
5.
...............................................................................

...............................................................................

...............................................................................
Expand − (5 x − 2 ) .
3
6.
...............................................................................

...............................................................................

...............................................................................
7. Divide x − x + 3 x − 5 by x − 2 and state the quotient
3 2

and remainder.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

8. Divide 6x3 − 3x2 + x + 1 by 2x − 7 and state the quotient and

remainder.
..............................................................................

..............................................................................

..............................................................................
9. For P(x) = x3 + 4x2 − 2x + 5, find P(−1) and P(2a).
..............................................................................

..............................................................................

..............................................................................
10. For P(x) = x3 − 3x2 + 5x − 17, find P(a − 3).
..............................................................................

..............................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

WorkSHEET: Polynomials II
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. What is the remainder when

5 x 3 + 4 x 2 − 3x + 8 is divided by x + 4? .........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

2. What is the remainder when

.........................................................................................
x 3 − 4 x 2 + 2 x − 3 is divided by 2x − 5?

.........................................................................................

3. Find the value for k, if the remainder is 12, when

.........................................................................................
2 x3 + kx 2 − 18 x + 20 is divided by x − 2.
.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

4. Factorise P(x) = x3 − 2x2 − x + 2.

........................................................................................

3 2
5. Factorise P ( x) = x − 12 x + 44 x − 48 .
........................................................................................

........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

3 2
6. Factorise P ( x) = 6 x + 7 x − 63 x + 20 .
.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

7. Solve (x − 1)(x − 3)(x + 4)(2x − 1) = 0.

.........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

8. Solve (3 x − 1) (2 x + 7 ) (3 − 2 x ) = 0 .
........................................................................................

........................................................................................

9. Solve x3 − 4x2 − 17x + 60 = 0.

........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

10. Solve x4 + x3 − 3x2 − x + 2 = 0.

.........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

E V E Z S U P K W A V G H P X S X X V K
S L F M R C O E F F I C I E N T Y T A Y
I Q G R I T J H O X H P T S M P N G R X
R U T E A N C I Y S O Z Y C C D H V I S
O M R T Y Q H R J P X D Z W H H M F A L
T Q I G E M U R H S X K O X V L F W B A
C X N N E C J A N O G B M C E R V I L I
A N O I U V X L D M A O D X F V D B E M
F L M D I M L T F R U N P P E Z M X H O
G O I A N T Z O N W A A C U K V O D O N
F I A E F I D A S N N T N K A U N U Z Y
M T L L C U H D O D T X I L I S I F U L
I I A U K J H I I P F H U C M G C E L O
P F B W H F S N D W R E M B P A F Z H P
W I L L B S G T E D T O N V E P W E P P
C P D Z E S T U G P V V D L L A G M W R
B E G R W X R R R O Y H I U B N H N M R
O B P A G F G P E H Y Z O G C W I C P E
K X G Z Y T T I E E E D A B P T Q Y R M
E A T R G T N A T S N O C Z K S F J S R

Coefficient Expanding Monic Solve

Constant Expression Polynomials Trinomial

Cubic Factorise Product Value

Degree Leading term Quadratic Variable

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

Code puzzle: Who were Australia’s

first three prime ministers?

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Expand and simplify each of the polynomial problems on the left and match it to a polynomial expression on
the right. The matching number and letter give the puzzle answer code.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

Investigating polynomials
A polynomial is a function involving the sum of integer powers of a variable (for example, y = −4x3 + 3x2 − 4).
The highest power of the variable determines the degree of the polynomial. In the case of the given example, the
degree is 3. A polynomial of the first degree is a linear function (for example, y = 3x − 8, and a second-degree
function is a quadratic (for example, y = 5x2 − 6x + 7). Let us investigate how the degree of a polynomial affects
the shape of its graph.

In order to simplify the graphing of these functions, the polynomials will be expressed in factor form. A graphics
calculator or some other digital technology will make the graphing process less tedious. It will be necessary to
adjust the window of the calculator from time to time in order to capture the relevant features of the graph.
1. Consider the following polynomials.
a. y1 = (x + 1)
b. y2 = (x + 1)(x – 2)
c. y3 = (x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 3)
d. y4 = (x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 3)(x – 4)
e. y5 = (x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 3)(x – 4)(x + 5)
f. y6 = (x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 3)(x – 4)(x + 5)(x – 6)
For each of the functions:
i. give the degree of the polynomial
ii. sketch the graph, marking in the x-intercepts
iii. describe how the degree of the polynomial affects the shape of the graph.
Complete question 1 on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Let us now look at the effect that the exponent of each factor has on the shape of the graph of the
polynomial. Consider the following functions.
a. y1 = (x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 3)
b. y2 = (x + 1)2(x – 2)(x + 3)
c. y3 = (x + 1)2(x – 2)2(x + 3)
d. y4 = (x + 1)2(x – 2)(x + 3)3
e. y5 = (x + 1)3(x – 2)(x + 3)4
f. y6 = (x + 1)5(x – 2)3(x + 3)2
i. On a separate sheet of paper, draw a sketch of each of the polynomials, marking in the x-intercepts.
ii. Explain how the power of the factor affects the behaviour of the graph at the x-intercept.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

3. Create and draw a sketch of polynomials with the following given characteristics. Complete your graphs
on aseparate sheet of paper.
a. A first-degree polynomial that:
i. crosses the x-axis ii. does not cross the x-axis.
b. A second-degree polynomial that:
i. crosses the x-axis twice ii. touches the x-axis at one and only one point.
c. A third-degree polynomial that crosses the −9 x-axis:
i. three times ii. twice iii. once.
d. A fourth-degree polynomial that crosses the x-axis:
i. four times ii. three times iii. twice iv. once.
4. Considering the powers of factors of polynomials, write a general statement outlining the conditions
under which the graph of a polynomial will pass through the x-axis or just touch the x-axis.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 14 | Polynomials

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Functions and relations learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

15.2 Functions and relations (10A)

15.3 Exponential functions (10A)

15.4 Cubic functions (10A)

15.5 Quartic functions (10A)

15.6 Transformations (10A)

WorkSHEET: Functions and relations I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Functions and relations II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

WorkSHEET: Functions and relations I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Sketch the graph of y 4x .

2. Sketch the graph of y 1.3x .

3. Sketch the graph of y 4(5x ) .

1
4. Sketch the graph of y (10 x ) .
2

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

5. Sketch the graph of y 3 x.

6. Sketch the graph of y (0.75)x .

x
1
7. Show algebraically that the graph of y
4
will be the same as y 4 x. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................
8. $2000 is invested at 5% p.a. interest.
a. Write a function that will show the amount
(A) that the investment will grow to after ............................................................................................

n years.

b. Graph the function.

c. Use your graph to estimate the time that it

will take for the investment to grow to $3000. ............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

9. The value of a new car depreciates by 12% p.a.

A car is purchased for $30 000.
a. Write a function that will show the value of
the car (V) after n years. ...........................................................................................

b. Graph the function.

c. Use your graph to estimate the time that it

will take for the value of the car to fall to ...........................................................................................

$15 000.
10. The temperature in the room, recorded at 10-minute
intervals after the air conditioner was turned on, is
shown in the table below.

Time 0 10 20 30 40
Temp 30 24 19 15 10
Assume that the relationship between the temperature
T and the time t can be modelled by the formula
T = cat, where t is the time in minutes since the air
conditioner was turned on.
a. State the value of c.
...........................................................................................
b. Use the middle point in the data set to
find the value of a to 2 decimal places. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

c. Write the rule connecting T and t. Using your

rule, find the temperature in the room 10, 20, 30 ............................................................................................

and 40 minutes after the air conditioner was ............................................................................................

turned on and compare your numbers with the
recorded temperature. ............................................................................................

............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

WorkSHEET: Functions and relations II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Sketch the graph of y = (x + 2)3.

........................................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

2. Sketch the graph of y = (x 4)(x + 1)(x + 8).

........................................................................................................................
Show all intercepts.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

3. Sketch the graph of y = 4x(x 1)2.

........................................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

4. Sketch the following, showing all intercepts.

........................................................................................................................
y = (x 1)(x + 2)(x 3)
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

5. Sketch the following, showing all intercepts.

........................................................................................................................
y = (x 2)2(x + 3)
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

6. Sketch the following, showing all intercepts.

........................................................................................................................
y = (x + 1)(x 2)(x + 3)2
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

7. Sketch the graph of y = x4 − 4x + 4 showing all

intercepts. ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

8. Find a rule for each of the following graphs.

a.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

9. Find a rule for this graph.

........................................................................................................................

10. Consider y = R(x) where

R(x) = (x + 1)2(x − 1)(x − 3) ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Sketch y = 2R(x).

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

D M P E C Z I L L R R Y M I N B R S S S F
I W A O V N T A B E W M V Q E F J N N N V
L T H N S I C C L Q M C H F G E O G O O D
A R R H Y I T A B E S H I V A I L S I I C
T X O A T T T I M T W R R D T J A N T T O
I A C R N I O I S N B C R C I G T O A A F
O P E I O S O M V O F G N O V Y N I M L V
N V D N G R L E A E P U B C E D O T R I D
F Q S L U G N A G N L V A A O O Z C O D C
A C F U K Q X Y T A Y H A W N E I E F N F
C A L S X V P Z I I D L N E N U R L S V V
T I S N J M L T B G O U I O V T O F N R D
O N O I T C N U F X X N O G E F H E A E C
R Q K Q M E U A H A T T S T R K M R R L F
Q C Y V N T U U Z E Y H L E E S B I T A V
V G R O W T H Y R N M E N O O T E N O T D
M B P Z R S O C A N E G A T I V E S W I C
C X E K G Z E M Z C R I G H T X Z R N O O
E Q A Q H P D N M U E O O B M A E F K N F
O T C R T N L K Z B S D P M Q O X W V M V
E X P O N E N T I A L F U N C T I O N S D

Decay Dilations Exponential functions Growth

Many-to-many Negative One intercept One-to-one
Positive Reflections Vertical Right
Translations Dilation factor Down Function
Horizontal Many-to-one
Relation Transformations

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

Code puzzle: 2 important events of 1973

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Complete the table of values for the two exponential functions

and plot their graphs. The values of the functions and the letters
beside the x-values give the puzzle’s code.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

Shaping up!
Many beautiful patterns are created by starting with a single
function or relation and transforming and repeating it over and
over.
In this task you will apply what you have learned about
functions, relations and transformations (dilations, reflections
and translations) to explore mathematical patterns.

Exploring patterns using transformations

1. a. On the same set of axes, draw the graphs of:
i. y = x2 − 4x + 1
ii. y = x2 − 3x + 1
iii. y = x2 − 2x + 1
iv. y = x2 + 2x + 1
v. y = x2 + 3x + 1
vi. y = x2 + 4x + 1
b. Describe the pattern formed by your graphs. Use mathematical terms such as intercepts, turning
point, shape and transformations.
What you have drawn is referred to as a family of curves – curves in which the shape of the curve changes if
the values of a, b and c in the general equation y = ax2 + bx + c change.
c. Explore the family of parabolas formed by changing the values of a and c. Comment on your
findings.
d. Explore exponential functions belonging to the family of curves with equation y = kax, families of
cubic functions with equations y = ax3 or y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, and families of quartic functions
with equations y = ax4 or y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e. Comment on your findings.
e. Choose one of the designs shown below and recreate it (or a simplified version of it). Record the
mathematical equations used to complete the design.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

Coming up with your design

2. Use what you know about transformations to functions and relations to create your own design from a
basic graph. You could begin with a circle, add some line segments and then repeat the pattern with
some change.
Record all the equations and restrictions you use.
It may be helpful to apply your knowledge of inverse functions too.
A digital technology will be very useful for this task.
Create a poster of your design to share with the class.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 15 | Functions and relations

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ..............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Circle geometry learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

16.2 Angles in a circle (10A)

16.3 Intersecting chords, secants and
tangents (10A)

16.4 Cyclic quadrilaterals (10A)

16.5 Tangents, secants and chords (10A)

WorkSHEET: Circle geometry I Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Circle geometry II Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ..............................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ..............................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

WorkSHEET: Circle geometry I

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Solve for the pronumerals in the following figures,

giving reasons for your answer.

a.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

2. Find x, giving reasons.

...........................................................................................

3. Solve for the pronumerals in each of the following

figures, giving reasons.

a.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

b.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

4. Solve for the pronumerals in the following figure,

giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

5. Solve for the pronumerals in the following

figure, giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

6. Solve for the pronumerals in the following figure,

giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

7. Solve for the pronumerals in the following figure,

giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
8. Solve for the pronumerals in the following figure,
giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

9. Solve for the pronumerals in the following figure,

giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
10. AB and CB are tangents to the circle centred at O.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Prove that OAB OCB. ...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

WorkSHEET: Circle geometry II

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Find the value of x, y and z, giving reasons.

............................................................................................

...........................................................................................
2. Find x and y, giving reasons.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

3. Find x and y, giving reasons.

............................................................................................

4. Find x in each of the following, giving reasons.

a.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

b.
............................................................................................

............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

5. Find y, giving reasons.

...........................................................................................

6. Find the values of the pronumerals in this figure,

giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

7. Find x and y, giving reasons.

...........................................................................................

8. Find the values of the pronumerals in this figure,

giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

9. Find the values of the pronumerals in this figure,

giving reasons. ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

10. Find x in this figure.

............................................................................................

.............................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

A Y M B A E O T K R H T H W Z L P F M J
B N I B C P N Y A K O N L F M U A P U E
D D G L S E B X R N Y T N O Z U R W M X
J E E L G T Y R C E I D C G R O T T Y O
D H I N E E I T K C H Y R E V Q S N X F
S I A N G S D X B N L C G O S R O E X R
O T A L O V Q G M E C F Q J H A F M K U
N F K M Y H L Q H R E R T N E C A G W L
V E R T E X D W W E O U M U G C C E D Y
T K K D C T Q U S F T N A C E S I S D C
P A Y S Q E E C X M B J B P L J R W D Q
B M Y F Q K B R K U U W U X T W C F J K
W J M Q N T L W A C T I B O R N L C I E
S N R C F I Y S Y R E Y E A F L E Z C Q
X X O W F P L Y R I T C D H V X D T W H
D J W J V Z V A T C C I H M V J Y L A X
L P X A N R R X X K U X R N A W P I B B
Z Y Q P W M Z Y W S N F D O Z F U U S S
A E J J S G F Y J S B N R L Z U O Q C V
C Y C L I C Q U A D R I L A T E R A L S

Angles Arc Arms Centre

Chord Circumference Cyclic quadrilaterals Diameter

Parts of a circle Radius Secant Sector

Segment Tangent Vertex

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

Code puzzle: Where is 2 litres of hydrochloric acid

produced each day?
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

The values of the lettered angles give the puzzle’s answer code.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

Variation of distance
The Earth approximates the shape of a sphere. Lines of longitude travel between the North and South poles,
while lines of latitude travel east–west, parallel to the equator. While the lines of longitude are all
approximately the same length, this is not the case with lines of latitude. The line of latitude at the equator is
the maximum length and these lines decrease in length on approaching both the North and South poles.
This investigation looks at how the distance between points on two given lines of longitude and the same line
of latitude changes as we move from the equator to the pole.
Consider two lines of longitude, 0° and 100°E. Take two points, P1 and P2, lying on the equator on lines of
longitude 0° and 100°E respectively.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

The distance (in km) between two points on the same line of latitude is given by the formula:
Distance = angle sector between the two points × 111 × cos (degree of latitude).
1. The size of the angle sector between P1 and P2 is 100° and these two points lie on 0° latitude. The
distance between the points would be calculated as 100 × 111 × cos 0°. Determine this distance.
2. Move the two points to the 10° line of latitude. Calculate the distance between P1 and P2 in this position.
Round your answer to the nearest kilometre.
3. Complete the following table showing the distance (rounded to the nearest kilometre) between the points
P1 and P2 as they move from the equator towards the pole.

Latitude Distance between P1 and P2 (km)

0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°

4. Describe what happens to the distance between P1 and P2 as we move from the equator to the pole. Is
there a constant change? Explain.
5. You would perhaps assume that, at a latitude of 45°, the distance between P1 and P2 is half the distance
between the points at the equator. This is not the case. At what latitude does this occur?
6. On the grid lines provided, sketch a graph displaying the change in distance between the points in
moving from the equator to the pole.
7. Consider the points P1 and P2 on lines of longitude separated by 1°. On what line of latitude (to the
nearest degree) would the points be 100 km apart?

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

8. Keeping the points P1 and P2 on the same line of latitude, and varying their lines of longitude, investigate
the rate that the distance between them changes from the equator to the pole. Is it more or less rapid in
comparison to what you found earlier?

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 16 | Circle geometry

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

Student learning matrix

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Shading the circles: Green = I understand; Yellow = I can do it with help; Red = I do not understand.

My progress

Trigonometry II learnON

Pre-test Date completed:

17.2 The sine rule (10A)

17.3 The cosine rule (10A)

17.4 Area of triangles (10A)

17.5 The unit circle (10A)

17.6 Trigonometric functions (10A)

17.7 Solving trigonometric equations (10A)

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry II (I) Date completed:

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry II (II) Date completed:

Word search Date completed:

Code puzzle Date completed:

Project Date completed:

Topic test Date completed:

Areas for improvement: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Signatures:

Parent/guardian: .............................................................................................. Teacher: ...............................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry II (I)

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Find the values of the unknown marked sides,

correct to 2 decimal places.
..........................................................................................

..........................................................................................

2. Repeat question 1 using the sine rule to

calculate x and y, correct to 2 decimal places. ..........................................................................................

..........................................................................................

3. A ladder 6 m long rests against a vertical wall and

forms an angle of 40° with the horizontal ground.
Use the sine rule to determine how high up the wall
the ladder reaches. Give your answer correct to
2 decimal places.

..........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

4. A large heavy drum is pushed 3.5 m up an inclined

plane. The inclined plane rises 2 m vertically. Use
the sine rule to find the angle the inclined plane
makes with the horizontal. Give your answer correct
to the nearest minute.
...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

5. The angle of depression of a boat from a cliff

60 m high is 10°. Use the sine rule to determine
how far the boat is from the base of the cliff.
(Answer to the nearest metre.)

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

6. A canoeist paddles 1500 m on a bearing of N30°E.

Use the sine rule to determine how far north of the
starting point the canoeist is. Give your answer
correct to the nearest metre.

..........................................................................................

7. In triangle ABC, a = 7, A = 30°, B = 70°. Find C

and hence side c correct to 1 decimal place.

..........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

8. A person 1.6 m tall stands 30 m from a building

and measures the angle of elevation to the top of the
building as 48°. Use the sine rule to determine the
height of the building (to the nearest metre).

...........................................................................................

9. In triangle ABC, a = 8, c = 12, and C = 52°.

Find A, correct to the nearest minute.

...........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

10. Find the value of length x correct to 1 decimal

place.
..........................................................................................

..........................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

WorkSHEET: Trigonometry II (II)

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

1. Find the third side of the triangle ABC, given

a = 8, c = 12 and B = 75°. State your answer .................................................................................................
correct to 2 decimal places.
.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

2. Find the smallest angle in the triangle with sides

5, 8 and 10. (Answer to the nearest minute.)
.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

3. Find the area of triangle ABC, where a = 5,

b = 7 and C = 50°. State your answer correct
to 1 decimal place.

.................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

4. Use Heron’s formula to find the area of a triangle

with sides 7 cm, 8 cm and 9 cm. State your answer
................................................................................................
correct to 1 decimal place.
................................................................................................

................................................................................................

5. Find the area of this triangle using

Heron’s formula.
................................................................................................

................................................................................................

6. Find the area of this triangle using the sine rule.

................................................................................................

7. Find the area of this triangle.

................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

8. Find the area of this triangle.

.................................................................................................

9. Find the area of this field.

.................................................................................................

10. Find the area of this field. .................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

Word search
Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................
Complete the word search below. Words could be forwards, backwards, vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

A X R Y E F M B N P P S P H C H D Q U I S Y
R R R E W A R J H H E W E E K W K N C Q N E
O T E E T B P A K T F R T R R A M H C G O F
F X B A W E A W A Q O I F M U I X X D Z I R
P E N X O O M N F N U R I G H U O F F M T Q
E R L S E F I I S U I D A R O H S D R Z C P
P D C P T D T F R V Y C X H L N V K L G N M
T N O Y R M O R S E N Y C S K P Q G F S U N
X R P O I R G M I C P E A C G C U H J E F E
U E O N M M L J F A E I V A R O N D Y F C N
O C B U Y Q M Y W U N L M L P S Q H B V I X
F Q L W S B J W M L N G B E M I O R Z C R G
N A S B Z X D R U O D N L N S N P B K D T K
A M E B J E A R U C S K D E G E K Q A Z E M
E X A C T V A L U E S B Y T S R V D Q S M L
L R C N E E M F O T X T X R U U L C I O O V
J K H L W L X V R O F H W I L L I N P L N E
M J Q D L K J G B U X M G A W E E H D D O S
E L C R I C T I N U F D M N Q R L C O R G S
D R C K N P L P N Y B K E G U N Q P S N I F
B V L D B D C E Z J Y Y B L U V C O H Y R N
A M P L I T U D E B S C E E T H U Y O A T E

Amplitude Area of triangles Cosine rule Heron’s formula

Radius Semi-perimeter Trigonometric functions Coordinates

Exact values Period Scalene triangle Sine rule

Unit circle

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

Code puzzle: What is the periodic table?

Student: ................................................................................................ Class: ........................... Date: ...............................................

Find the lengths of the Lettered sides accurate to 2 decimal

places to discover the puzzle’s answer code.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

What’s an arbelos?
As an introduction to this task, you are required to complete the following
construction. The questions that follow require the application of measurement
formulas, and an understanding of semicircles related to this construction.
1. Constructing an arbelos
● Rule a horizontal line AB 8 cm long.
● Find the midpoint of the line and construct a semicircle on top of the
line with AB as the diameter.
● Mark Y as a point on AB such that AY = 6 cm.
● Find the midpoint of AY and draw a small semicircle inside the larger semicircle with AY as the
diameter.
● Find the midpoint of YB and construct a semicircle (also inside the larger semicircle) with a diameter
YB.
The shape enclosed by the three semicircles is known as an arbelos. The word, in Greek, means shoemaker’s
knife as it resembles the blade of a knife used by cobblers. The point Y is not fixed and can be located anywhere
along the diameter of the larger semicircle, which can also vary in size.

2. Perimeter of an arbelos
The perimeter of an arbelos is the sum of the arc length of the three semicircles. Perform the following
calculations, leaving each answer in terms of .
a. Calculate the arc length of the semicircle with diameter AB.
b. Calculate the arc length of the semicircle with diameter AY.
c. Calculate the arc length of the semicircle on diameter YB.
d. Compare the largest arc length with the two smaller arc lengths. What do you conclude?
3. We can generalise the arc length of an arbelos. The point Y can be located anywhere on the line AB, which
can also vary in length. Let the diameter AB be d cm, AY be d1 cm and YB be d2 cm. Prove that your
conclusion from question 2d holds true for any value of d, where d1 + d2 = d.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

4. Area of an arbelos
The area of an arbelos may be treated as the area of a composite shape.
a. Using your original measurements, calculate the area of the arbelos you drew in question 1. Leave
your answer in terms of .
The area of the arbelos can also be calculated using another method. We can draw the common tangent to the
two smaller semicircles at their point of contact and extend this tangent to the larger semicircle. It is said that
the area of the arbelos is the same as the area of the circle constructed on this common tangent as diameter.

Triangles AYZ, BYZ and AZB are all right-angled triangles. We can use Pythagoras’ theorem, together with
a set of simultaneous equations, to determine the length of the tangent YZ.

b. Complete the following.

In ∆ AYZ, AZ2 = AY2 + YZ2

= 62 + YZ2
In ∆ BYZ, BZ2 = BY2 + YZ2
= ....................... + YZ2

Adding these two equations,

AZ2 + BZ2 = .................. + .......................
But, in ∆AZB AZ2 + BZ2 = AB2
........................ + ......................... = ............................
So,
YZ = ........................ (Leave your answer in surd form.)
c. Now calculate the area of the circle with diameter YZ. Is your answer the same as that calculated in
question 4a?
The area of an arbelos can be generalised.
Let the radii of the two smaller semicircles be r1 and r2.

5. Develop a formula for the area of the arbelos in terms of r1 and r2. Demonstrate the use of your formula
by checking your answer to question 4a.

Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 Topic 17 | Trigonometry II

Thinking about my learning

Student: ........................................................................................................ Class: ............................... Date: ............................

What new things did you learn? What and/or who helped you with
your learning?

What things did you already know about the What made your learning difficult?
topic before you started?

How could those difficulties be overcome next What learning routines were the most helpful?
time?

Common questions