LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
Science Technology
and Society Module
(Chapter 1)
Prepared by: Mrs. Ma. Elena Bernabe
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
Contents:
Chapter 1: General Concepts and STS Historical Developments
Historical Antecedents in the World – Activity 1
Intellectual Revolutions that defined society
Science and Technology and Nation Building- Activity 2
Chapter 2: Science, Technology, Society and the Human Condition
The Human Person Flourishing in terms
of Science and Technology – Activity 1
The Good Life
When Technology and Humanity Cross – Activity 2
Chapter 3: Specific Issues in Science, Technology and Society
The Information Age (Guttenberg to Social Media) – Activity 1
Biodiversity and the Healthy Society
The Nano World – Activity 2
Gene Therapy
Climate Change –Activity 3
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
Chapter 1: General Concepts and STS Historical Developments
Historical Antecedents in the World
Learning Outcomes:
1. Trace the development of science and technology through the course of
history.
2. Identify some inventions over the course of time and highlights its
importance.
The Advent of Science (600BCto1400AD)
Ancient Mesopotamia – discoveries in agriculture and writing.
From 4000 BC – the high priests of Sumeria scrutinized the stars and vast
records of such endeavors were inscribed on tablets that were made of clay. The
tablets which were supposed to come from the period of 1800 Bc, shows
evidences of the great knowledge in the triangles with right-angle features.
The Science and Technology practiced in Ancient Greece
Thales of Miletus who was enamoured with the stars, foresaw the occurrence of
a rare solar eclipse in 585 BC.
Greek technologist, engineer Archimedes, detected the characteristics of liquids,
such as fluids.
Eratosthenes tinkered with the Earth’s breadth and width.
Ctesibius constructed precise clocks.
The libraries of Alexandria were able to make a collection of the most precious
books to be found at that time.
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
The Onset of Science and Technology in Asia
The Chinese invented gunpowder, fireworks, rockets, metals and even guns.
They were believed to have first invented the first seismograph and the first
compass. In 1054 AD, Chinese astronomers supposedly were also able to observe
the passage of a supernova.
India invented the spinning wheel and Indian farming techniques were ahead of
their time. Indian mathematicians were responsible for the development of the
“Arabic Number System”.
Ushering the Golden Age of Islam
The house of wisdom library in Baghdad had provided inspiration and well-being
to several lovers of astronomy such as Al-Sufi, who was a fan on the works of
Ptolemy. Other great Arab scientists of the era were Alhazen (wrote the book
about optics), Al-Razi (a physician who formulated soap and made distinctions
about smallpox and measles)Al-Khwarizmi (introduced algebra and algorithms)
and Al-Jazari (an engineer who used rod systems in cars)
Other Arab chemists discovered distillation and formulated words, such as alkali
and alcohol.
The Great Scientific Revolution 1400-1700 AD
Many years passed in Europe before scientific thinking overcame the inhibitions
that resulted from religious doctrines.
The Dangers of the Times
Nicolaus Copernicus – A doctor from Poland, in 1532, the idea came to him that
it was the sun which was the center of the solar system. His discovery had a
great impact on succeeding men of science, including Johannes Kepler, who
observed the elliptical orbits of Mars.
Galileo Gallei identified around four moons of the planet Jupiter.
Christian Huygens built the first pendulum clock in 1657.
Robert Boyle discovered air pump
Isaac Newton made theories on light travel
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
The Age of Micro Beings
1600’s – scientists started to study objects in their smallest state.
Robert Hooke (Englishman) – revealed the complex structure of small insects
such as fleas and bugs.)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch)– made his own microscope and found small
life forms like bacteria
John Ray (Englishman Biologist)- made a great collection of plant species which
started the attempt to systemized the classification of living things.
The Dawn of Mathematical Analysis
Isaac Newton – the best achievement of the century, the laws of motion and
gravity.
The Expansion of Scientific Horizons (1700-1800)
More Discoveries
Stephen Hales (Englishman) – discovered root pressure and invented a trough
for collecting gases.
Daniel Bernoulli (Swiss Mathematician) – developed the Bernoulli principle
which stated that “the pressure of a fluid falls when it is moving.”
Joseph Black (Scottish Chemist) – produced thesis about calcium carbonate.
Joseph Proust (French Chemist) – figured out the chemical elements which was
an essential step toward knowing the production of simple compounds.
The Field of Earth Science
Benjamin Franklin – showed how big scale ocean currents flowed at the bottom
of the sea.
George Hadley (English meteorologist) – made a paper on the impact of the trade
winds in relation to the rotation of the globe.
Nevil Maskalyne – found out the density of the Earth.
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
The Basis of Life
Georges-Louis Leclerc – one of those who pioneered the creation of a theory of
evolution.
Christian Sprengel – discovered that bisexual flowers have the ability to fertilize
themselves.
Alessandro Volta invented electric battery in 1799.
A Hundred Years of Development (1800-1900)
Danish Hans Christian Orsted – established a connection between electricity and
magnetism.
Michael Faraday – invented the first electric motor
James Clerk Maxwell – solved the complex mathematics of electromagnetism.
Invisibility Matters
William Herschel (German Astronomer)– discovered the infrared radiation
Wilhelm Rontgen – discovered the soon to be famous X-rays
Hippolyte Fizeau and Leon Foucault (French Physicists) – were able to measure
the speed of light.
Chemical Reactions
John Dalton (British meteorologist)- focused on the potential use of atomic
weights.
Jons Jakob Berzelius Swedish Chemist) – made a full list of atomic weights.
Marie Curie – was able to separate polonium from radium
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
Relics from the Past
Mary Anning (English) – presented a collection of fossils of extinct animals.
Richard Owen (English Biologist)- pioneered the use of the word ‘dinosaurs’ to
describe the “terrible lizards”
Alexander Humboldt – founded the study of ecology
Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin – came up with the idea on the process
of evolution by means of natural selection.
The Dawn of a New Era (1900 to 1945)
A New Look Physics
Max Planck – made an important discovery that electromagnetism travelled in
distinct packets and not in continuous waves as previously thought of.
Albert Einstein – further illustrated that matter and energy might just be
characterized as aspects of the same phenomenon that was capable of being
converted from one to the other.
New Concept of the Universe
Edwin Hubble (American Astronomer) – found out that the nebulae were in
reality, distant galaxies. He made observations that the universe was expa –
nding in all directions.
Fritz Zwicky- invented the term “dark matter”
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
Substantial Discoveries (1945-present)
In the early 1940’s saw the emergence of the first computers and the new science
of artificial intelligence was born. By the beginning of the 21st century, science
has become an interdisciplinary activity where cooperation and team activities
are the fundamental core.
The Origin of Life
Harold Urey and Stanley Miller (American Chemists) conducted an experiment
to know whether life on earth started when chemical reactions were sparked by
lightning.
James Watson and Briton Francis Crick (American Molecular Biologists) –
dissected the DNA.
Ian Wilmut and his colleagues successfully cloned a sheep.
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Activity 1:
1. What is the purpose or objective of an invention?
2. Why is an invention important?
3. For you, what is man’s greatest invention? Why?
4. Name three of man’s invention which changed our lives.
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Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer and mathematician known as the
father of modern astronomy. He was the first European scientist to propose that
Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, the heliocentric theory of the
solar system.
Charles Darwin's greatest contribution to science is that he completed the
Copernican Revolution by drawing out for biology the notion of nature as a
system of matter in motion governed by natural laws. With Darwin's discovery of
natural selection, the origin and adaptations of organisms were brought into the
realm of science.
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
Through the development of a novel observational method, Sigmund Freud
made possible the collection of reliable data about man's inner life. The scientific
hypotheses he formulated about these formed the initial version of
psychoanalysis.
Science and Technology and Nation Building
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENDA
(Department of Science and Technology, 2017; Department of Science and Technology,
2013)
Aligned with the national goals and plans and practices, the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) Strategic Plan for 2017-2022 supports the call
for "Science for the People." It aims to use science to enhance innovation and the
creative capacity of the Filipinos toward the achievement of inclusive and
sustainable growth and development. The issuance of DOST Administrative
Order No. 003 s., 2017 laid down the Science for the People 11-point agenda.
This was a product of the Strategic Planning exercise in November 2017 and the
subsequent meetings of DOST Planning Officers and consultations with the
DOST Management Committee.
The DOST Strategic Plan (Department of Science and Technology, 2017, p.2)
rotates on the attainment of seven outcomes, which are as follows:
1. Innovation stimulus;
2. Technology and adoption promotion and acceleration;
3. Critical mass of globally competitive Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI)
human resources development;
4. Productivity and efficiency of communities and the production sector,
particularly Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) improvement;
5. Resiliency to disaster risks and climate change assurance;
6. Inequality in STI capacities and opportunities reduction; and
7. Effective STI governance achievement.
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
The strategies to attain these outcomes are embodied in the DOST Eleven-Point
Agenda (Department of Science and Technology, 2017, p.2) as follows:
1. Pursue research and development (R&D) strategies to address pressing
national problems.
2. Conduct R&D activities to enhance productivity and improve management
of resources.
3. Engage in R&D to generate and apply new knowledge and technologies
across different sectors. 4.
4. Strengthen and utilize regional and provincial R&D capabilities.
5. Maximize the utilization of R&D results through technology transfer and
commercialization.
6. Develop STI capable human resources and build a strong STI culture.
7. Upgrade STI core facilities and capacities to advance R&D activities and
expand S&T services.
8. Expand STI assistance to communities and the production sector,
particularly the MSMEs.
9. Provide STI-based solutions for disaster risks reduction and climate
change adaptation and mitigation.
10. Strengthen industry-academe-government and international STI
collaboration and cooperation.
11. Enhance effectiveness of STI governance capabilities.
The Benefits of Science
The countless benefits and comforts that science contributes to the well-being of
man are shaped by how man himself can effectively harness it for his purposes.
Science creates as well as destroys. The atom, with its power that can be utilized
either to create or to destroy, is an illustrative example.
Many of the great wonders of this present- day world of machines and countless
gadgets, of an endless stream of mass-produced articles running the entire
gamut of man's complex needs and luxuries, have been the outcome of man's
creative ingenuity and have been sparked by science and research from the test
receptacles of the laboratories and pilot plants.
No nation can develop very far and attain economic progress without the aid of
an adequately supported vigorous research plan that leads to a corresponding
industrialization.
Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019
LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL & COLLEGES OF CAYBIGA, INC.
Science Technology and Society
The present tendency among progressive nations is to utilize their raw materials
by transforming these, as much as practicable, into finished products to meet
domestic demands and to export them abroad. Thus, better prices are obtained
and technical industries are built up in which the masses of the people find
lucrative employment.
Some Notable Filipino Scientists, Inventors and Technologists
Felipe F. Ciron Sr. – patented the first Filipino-made power tiller used for
farming.
Eduardo Carrion San Juan - The Space Junkman - credited with the invention
of the Lunar Rover used in the 1971 Apollo XV moon exploration. - Worked on
Lockheed Corp. and conceptualized the design of the Moon Buggy.
Oscar B. Varona – invented the “Electronic Fire and Burglar Alarm” and
“vegetable meat”.
Roberto V. Celis – invented the “unsinkable boat”
Sofronio M. Sian – invented the portable mini-cone mill or “knonopak”.
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Activity 2:
1. What are the benefits of Science and Technology in the modern world?
Give 5 examples.
2. What are some of the struggles of Filipino inventors? (10-15 sentences)
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Reference: Science Technology and Society by Geron, Guaves, Maalihan, Malaluan, Rocina and Marquez by Mutya Publishing House Ic.,
copyright 2019