INTRODUCTION:
Do you know the bible story of Adam and Eve?
Let's recap the story.
Please click the links below to
watch the video
ADAM AND EVE
IN THE GARDEN
OF EDEN
[Link]
watch?v=leBCvqV3f3w
How about the Sodom and Gomorrah? THE CITIES OF
SODOM AND
GOMORRAH
[Link]
atch?v=m-
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e&fbclid=IwAR2FUUQszKxhE
hIMobldVzEgof6wLR_tFdc8h
hfiRCffKV8zs6him8lgjT0
Gender
and
Society
Module 1
Lesson 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Discussion:
Sex and Gender - Are concepts used to make a distinction between the biologically different “male”
and “female”. And between the socially different “man” and “woman.
– are concepts used by academicians, researchers and feminist writers. Feminist sociologist
suggest that there is a need to understand and distinguish between the two terms “sex” and
“gender”
Sex - Refers to the physiological differences found among male, female and various intersex bodies It
includes both primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics.
Biological sex has traditionally been conceptualized as a binary in medicine typically divided into male
and female.
Primary sex characteristics
Secondary sex characteristics.
Female
Male
Please click the link to watch the full video
[Link]
GENDER -Is a term that refers to social or cultural distinction associated with being male, female,
or intersex.
- is a systematic way of understanding men and women socially and the patterning
of relationships between them.
- - A social construct that impacts attitudes, roles, responsibilities, and behavior
patterns of boys and girls, men and women in all societies.
Iill Mathews – was first developed the concept of gender in her study of the construction of the
femininity. According to her, the concept of gender gives recognition to the fact that
every known society distinguishes between women and men.
Gender Identity- Is a person’s sense of self as a member of a particular gender. Individuals identify with
a role that corresponds to the sex assigned to them at birth. Clothing, appearance, and behaviors can all
be the ways to express your gender identity.
Gender Icons
Gender Terminologies and definitions
Man - Is a male human being. A person who plays a
significant role (Husband, or Boyfriend) in the life of
particular woman.
Woman - Is a female human being. A person who plays
a significant role wife, mistress or girlfriend in the life
of particular man.
Intersex –refer to a person born with reproductive or
sexual anatomy or having a variation in sex
characteristic and doctors have difficulty
differentiating between male and female sex organs.
Hermaphrodite - An old term used to described a
person (Intersex People) with ambiguous genitalia.
- The term implies that a person is both fully male and
fully female or neither typically female nor typically
male. It is considered scientifically inaccurate and
clinically problematic.
Husband And Wife - Regardless of sexual orientation,
Husband or Wife is acceptable in all references to
individuals in any legally recognized marriage.
Cisgender - Individuals who identify with a role that
corresponds to the sex assigned to them at birth or people
who are not transgender. (Cis is a Latin prefix meaning “on
the same side "and the antonyms of trans)
Asexual - Asexual can be romantically attracted to other
people but no sexual feelings or doesn’t feel sexual
attraction to anyone. Cause by chemical and/or hormonal
imbalance, an asexual may feel anxious due to societal
pressures and reactions, an asexual in short, is just not
interested in sexual contact.
Homosexual - The sexual orientation of a person whose
primary sexual and romantic attractions are toward people
of the same sex.
-The term also carries a negative connotation largely
because the word “homosexuality” was listed in The
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders until
1986
Third Sex - An old term referring to members of LGBT
community, who are said to only come third after the first
sex (the man) and second sex (the woman).
LGBT - Stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and
Transgender. It is now used as an inclusive term for groups
and identities also considered as “sexual and gender
minorities”.
Transgender- Is an overall term for people whose current
identify or gender expression differs from their assigned
sex at birth whether or not they have changed their
biological characteristic.
Transsexual - People (seeking medical assistance), whose
genitals are surgically removed and are fashioned as the
genitals of the desired gender. ““Born in a wrong body”
Bisexual - This refers to a person who has sexual and/or
romantic attraction to both women and men.
Gay - A man who is sexually and romantically attracted to
other men. In many parts of the world, the word is
synonymous to “Homosexual” and use to refer to both gay
men and lesbians.
Closeted - Often used as a state “being in the closet” to
describe the situation of a person who keeps his or her
sexual orientation or gender identity hidden from some or
all people.
Coming-out - A process of self- acceptance and or the
decision to reveal one’s sexual orientation or gender
identity to others.
Butch - A lesbian whose gender expression is masculine.
Femme - A lesbian whose gender expression is feminine.
Straight – (Meaning heterosexual) Someone who is heterosexual is commonly referred to as straight.
Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behaviour between persons of the opposite sex
or gender.
Transvestite - A transvestite or cross dresser is a person who likes being able to dress in opposite-sex clothing. Cross-
dressing does not necessarily indicate that someone is gay or transgender
FILIPINO/LOCAL TERMS 8. Pamhinta - As a play on the Filipino word paminta
1. Tunay na Lalaki- In English, “A Real Man” The assumption that a (black pepper). This is colloquial term referring to gay men
man can only be attracted to a woman and should only act and or whose gender expression is masculine. This is often used
behave based on socially constructed norms or standards for men. to segregate those who act according to socially
constructed masculine gender expressions versus those
2. Tunay na Babae - In English, “A real woman” The assumption who don’t with the former considered more acceptable
that a woman can only be attracted to a man and should only act that the latter.
and or behave based on socially constructed norms or standards
for women. 9. Sirena - The Filipino word “mermaid”, this is also used
to refer to effeminate gay men and transgender women.
The term is abusive or low opinion because of the
3. Agi- In the Hiligaynon language (often referred to as Ilonggo in insinuation that by being LGBT, a person becomes “half
the Western Visayas and Negros Island Region of the Philippines) human, half non-human.
this is the term used to refer to gender non-conforming men.
-It is used as a derogatory term (insulting) refer to effeminate men 10. Beki/Beks - A colloquial term derived from bakla. This
or men whose gender expression I not aligned with social is relatively new term and it is often used to refer to gay
expectation. It is used interchangeably with gay. men.
4. Bading - A term used to generally refer to gay men having 11. Mahuyang- Used particularly when referring to gay
feminine qualities or men whose gender expression is not aligned men or transgender woman. This is a Visayan word that
with social expectation. describes “weakness”.
12. LadLad - A dated term used to refer to being out as
5. Bakla - A word used to be synonymous with male homosexual. In LGBT. However, there are times when the term is used to
Filipino, it generally refer to gay men. The term also used to describe forced people to come-out of the closet.
weak or cowardly person. 13. Lesbiyana- The sexual orientation of a woman whose
primary sexual and romantic attraction is toward other
6. Bantut - Similar to “bakla”,”bayot” and “agi”. This term is mainly women.
used in Southern Philippines to effeminate gay men and trans 14. Tomboy - Refers to a girl who exhibits characteristics
women. or behavior considered typical of a boy. The term actually
7. Bayot/Oyot - The term used to refer to gender non-conforming refers to gender expression and not sexual orientation.
men in Cebuano, also used interchangeably with gay.
Sex Gender
Refers to the categories of being male or Differences between women and men that
female are socially determined and learned.
Born with Socially constructed
Cannot be change except with the medical Changeable over time
treatment.
Biologically determined (differences between Vary between cultures (refers to roles that
women and men) can be performed by both sexes.
Constant across time, across different Activities deemed by society as appropriate
societies and cultures. for males and females.
Please click the link below to watch the full video
GENDER TALKS | Episode 01: Kahulugan ng Kasarian
[Link]
REFERENCES:
3GE E-Learning (2008). Gender, Class and Education. Edited by 3G-Learning. New York: 3GE Learning. “Intro. To
Gender, Class & Education
Defrancisco, Victoria P. & Palczewski, Catherine Helen (2007). Communicating Gender Diversity: A Critical Approach.
California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Media Reference Guide Stylebook on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Terminology in the Philippines.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2003
[Link]
[Link]
Activity 1 :Assignment:
Direction: From the given phrases below, write your own response or reaction
for each statement
1. SAME-SEX MARRIAGE
2. SINGLE-SEX EDUCATION/SINGLE GENDER EDUCATION (Teaching boys and girls in separate
classrooms or schools)
3. WHAT MAN CAN DO, WOMAN CAN DO BETTER
4. FATHER IS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY
5. PROPERLY AADDRESSING AN LGBT PERSON (Sir, Madam, Gentleman, or Gentlewoman, Mr. or
Ms.?)
6. MEN ONLY LOVE WHAT’S IN BETWEEN A WOMEN’S LEGS
Activity 2: Please watch the videos and write a reaction paper of the story
Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden
[Link]
or
The Story of Sodom and Gomorrah.
[Link]
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