SOUTHERNSIDE MONTESSORI SCHOOL
Camella Homes 4, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
Second Quarter Date: January 8, 2024
Grade 11 Basic Calculus
SY 2023 – 2024
Lesson # 1: LIMITS
Definition of the Limit of a Function
The limit of a function f(x) is the value of x approaches a certain value. “As x approaches a, the limit of f(x) approaches
L”. This is written in symbols as follows:
lim f (x )=L
x →a
Example 1. Find the lim ( x +2).
x→ 4
Complete the table.
X 0 1 2 3 3.5 3.9 3.99 3.999
f(x)
X 5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.01 4.001
f(x)
2
x −4 x+ 3
Example 2. Find the lim .
x →3 x−3
3 2
x + x −x−1
Example 3. Find the lim .
x →1 x−1
Theorems on Limits of Functions
1. The limit of a constant is that constant.
lim C=C
x →a
2. Limit of the identity function.
lim x=a
x →a
3. The limit of a constant c times a function is equal to the constant c times the limit of the function provided that lim f¿
x→ a
exists.
lim c f (x )=c lim f (x)
x →a x→a
4. Limit of the sum and difference of two functions.
lim [¿ f ( x) ± g(x )]=lim f (x)± lim g(x )¿
x →a x→a x→a
5. Limit of the product of two functions.
lim [¿ f ( x) ∙ g( x )]=lim f ( x)∙ lim g(x )¿
x →a x →a x →a
6. Limit of the product of two functions.
lim f (x )
f (x) x →a
lim =
x →a g(x ) lim g( x )
x→a
7. Limit of the nth power of a function
lim ¿ ¿
x →a
8. Limit of the nth root of a function
√
lim √ f (x )= n lim f (x )
n
x →a x→ a
One-sided Limit
Left-Hand Limit
lim ¿
−¿
x→ a f (x)= L¿
Right-Hand Limit
lim ¿
+¿
x→ a f (x)=L¿
lim f (x ) exists and is equal to L if and only if lim ¿ and lim ¿ exists and both are equal to L.
−¿ +¿
x →a x→ a f (x)¿ x→ a f (x)¿
Example 4. Let f be defined by the equation f ( x )= √ x−2 .
a. Find lim ¿. b. Find lim ¿.
−¿ +¿
x→ 2 f (x)¿ x→ 2 f (x)¿
c. Find lim f (x ).
x →2
Example 5.
2
f ( x )=¿4− x if x≤ 1
2
2+ x if x>1
¿
a. Find lim ¿. b. Find lim ¿.
−¿ +¿
x→ 1 f (x)¿ x→ 1 f (x)¿
c. Find lim f (x ).
x →1
Infinite Limits
The function values decreases or increases without bounds as the independent variable gets closer and closer to a certain
fixed number.
lim f (x )=+ ∞
x →a
lim f (x )=−∞
x →a
lim ¿ lim ¿
Example 6. Evaluate x→ 3
+¿ 2
¿
and x→ 3
−¿ 2
¿
.
x−3 x−3
lim ¿ lim ¿
Example 7. Evaluate x→ 4
+¿ 2
¿
and x→ 4
−¿ 2
¿
.
2 2
( x−4 ) ( x−4 )
Limits at Infinity
The independent value either decreases or increases without bound.
If n is a positive integer, then
1
a. lim n
=0
x→−∞ x
1
b. lim n
=0
x→+∞ x
5 x−4
Example 8. Find lim .
x→+∞ 2 x+3
4 x−3
Example 9. Find lim .
x→+∞ √3 x 2−2
Limits at Infinity of Polynomials
r
1. lim x =+ ∞ for positive integer r.
x→+∞
r + ∞ if r iseven
2. lim x =¿−∞ if r is odd ¿
x→+∞
Example 10. Evaluate lim (−6 x +3 x −2 ¿ )¿ .
5 2
x→+∞
Limits of Exponential Functions
1. If b > 1
x
a. lim b =+∞
x→+∞
x
b. lim b =0
x→−∞
2. If 0 < b < 1
x
a. lim b =0
x→+∞
x
b. lim b =+ ∞
x→−∞
The Natural Exponential Functions
x
1. lim e =+ ∞
x→+∞
x
2. lim e =0
x→−∞
−x
3. lim e =0
x→+∞
−x
4. lim e =+∞
x→−∞
Limits of Logarithmic Functions
lim log b x=+∞ ; b> 0
1. x→+∞
2. lim ¿
+¿
x→ 0 log b x=−∞ ; b>0 ¿
3. lim ln ( x)=+ ∞
x→+∞
4. lim ¿
+¿
x→ 0 ln ( x)=−∞ ¿
Worksheet 1 – LIMITS
Name: ________________________________________________________Date: _____________________________
Grade & Section:______________________________________________Score: ____________________________
Evaluate each limit.
Assignment 1 – LIMITS
Name: ________________________________________________________Date: _____________________________
Grade & Section:______________________________________________Score: ____________________________
Evaluate each limit.