Thoracic Wall to Upper limb
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Pectoralis major Medial half of clavicle (clavicular head) Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus Shoulder flexion, adduction, IR Medial pectoral nerve
Sternum, 1st-6th costal cartilages (sternal head) Lateral pectoral nerve
Aponeurosis of external oblique (rectus head)
Pectoralis minor 3rd-5th ribs Coracoid process of scapula Scapular depression Medial pectoral nerve
Elevation of ribs
Subclavius 1st costal cartilage Middle 1/3 of clavicle Clavicular depression Nerve to subclavius
Serratus anterior 1st-8th ribs Medial border and inferior angle of scapula Scapular protraction, depression, upward rotation Long thoracic nerve
Vertebral Column to Upper limb
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Trapezius Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance Lateral 1/3 of clavicle (upper fibers) Scapular elevation (upper fibers) Spinal accessory nerve
of occipital bone Acromion and spine of scapula (middle and lower adduction (middle fibers) Ventral rami of C3-C4
Ligamentum nuchae fibers) depression (lower fibers)
Spinous process of C7-T12 adduction, upward rotation (all fibers)
Capital and cervical extension (bilateral)
with ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral
rotation (unilateral)
Latissimus dorsi Iliac crest Floor of bicipital groove of humerus Shoulder extension, adduction, IR Thoracodorsal nerve
Thoracolumbar fascia
Spinous process of T7-T12
8th/9th-12th ribs
Inferior angle of scapula
Levator scapula Transverse process of C1-C4 Medial border of scapula from superior border to Scapular elevation Dorsal scapular nerve
root of spine Capital and cervical extension (bilateral) Ventral rami of C3-C4
with ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation
(unilateral)
Rhomboid minor Ligamentum nuchae Medial border of scapula at the root of the spine Scapular adduction, elevation, downward rotation Dorsal scapular nerve
Spinous process of C7-T1
Rhomboid major Spinous process of T2-T5 Medial border of scapula from the root of the spine Scapular adduction, elevation, downward rotation Dorsal scapular nerve
to inferior angle
Scapula to Humerus
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Deltoid Lateral 1/3 of clavicle Lateral midshaft/deltoid tuberosity of humerus Shoulder abduction Axillary nerve
Acromion and spine of scapula *Shoulder flexion, IR (anterior fibers) Commented [A1]: Action with asterisks (*) are accessory
*Shoulder extension, ER (posterior fibers) actions produced by specific fibers or multi-jointed muscles
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus at the superior facet Shoulder abduction Suprascapular nerve
Shoulder joint capsule
Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus at the middle facet Shoulder ER Suprascapular nerve
Shoulder joint capsule
Teres minor Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus at the inferior facet Shoulder ER Axillary nerve
Shoulder joint capsule
Teres major Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus Shoulder adduction, IR Lower subscapular nerve
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of scapula Lesser tuberosity of humerus Shoulder IR Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve
Arm – Anterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Biceps brachii Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) Radial tuberosity Elbow flexion Musculocutaneous nerve
Coracoid process of scapula (short head) Bicipital aponeurosis to the deep fascia of forearm Forearm supination
*Shoulder flexion
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of scapula Medial shaft of the humerus Shoulder flexion, adduction Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis Lower 1/2 of anterior shaft of humerus Coronoid process of ulna Elbow flexion Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve (lateral part)
Arm – Posterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Triceps brachii Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) Olecranon process of ulna Elbow extension Radial nerve
Upper 1/2 of posterior shaft of humerus (lateral *Shoulder extension, adduction (long head)
head)
Lower 1/2 of posterior shaft of humerus (medial
head)
Forearm – Anterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
SUPERFICIAL LAYER
Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of humerus (humeral head) Lateral midshaft of radius Forearm pronation Median nerve
Medial coronoid process of ulna (ulnar head) *Elbow flexion
Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd-3rd metacarpals Wrist flexion, radial deviation Median nerve
Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Flexor retinaculum Wrist flexion Median nerve
Palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris Medial epicondyle of humerus (humeral head) Pisiform, hook of hamate Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation Ulnar nerve
Medial olecranon process and posterior border of Base of 5th metacarpal
ulna (ulnar head)
INTERMEDIATE LAYER
Flexor digitorum superficialis Medial epicondyle of humerus, Anterior middle phalanx of 2nd-5th digits PIP flexion of 2nd-5th digits Median nerve
medial coronoid process of ulna (humeroulnar *MCP flexion of 2nd-5th digits
head) *Wrist flexion
Oblique line on anterior shaft of radius (radial head)
DEEP LAYER
Flexor pollicis longus Anterior shaft of radius Anterior distal phalanx of thumb Thumb IP flexion Anterior interosseous branch of
*Thumb MCP flexion median nerve
Flexor digitorum profundus Anteromedial shaft of ulna Anterior distal phalanx of 2nd-5th digits DIP flexion of 2nd-5th digits Anterior interosseous branch of
*PIP and MCP flexion of 2nd-5th digits median nerve (lateral half)
*Wrist flexion Ulnar nerve (medial half)
Pronator quadratus Distal anterior shaft of ulna Distal anterior shaft of radius Forearm pronation Anterior interosseous branch of
median nerve
Forearm – Lateral Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Brachioradialis Proximal lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Styloid process of radius Elbow flexion Radial nerve
*Forearm pronation/supination up to
midposition
Extensor carpi radialis longus Distal lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Posterior base of 2nd metacarpal Wrist extension, radial deviation Radial nerve
Forearm – Posterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
SUPERFICIAL LAYER
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior base of 3rd metacarpal Wrist extension, radial deviation Deep branch of radial nerve Commented [A2]: AKA posterior interosseous branch of
Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Middle and distal phalanx of 2nd-5th digits DIP, PIP, MCP extension of 2nd-5th digits Deep branch of radial nerve radial nerve
*Wrist extension
Extensor digiti minimi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of 5th digit MCP extension of 5th digit Deep branch of radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of humerus Base of 5th metacarpal Wrist extension, ulnar deviation Deep branch of radial nerve
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral olecranon process of ulna Elbow extension Radial nerve Commented [A3]: Abduction of ulna during forearm
DEEP LAYER pronation
Supinator Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and Lateral neck and shaft of radius proximal to anterior Forearm supination Deep branch of radial nerve
annular ligament (superficial part) oblique line
Supinator crest of ulna (deep part)
Abductor pollicis longus Posterior shafts of radius and ulna Lateral base of 1st metacarpal Thumb CMC abduction Deep branch of radial nerve
*Thumb CMC extension
Extensor pollicis brevis Posterior shaft of radius Posterior base of proximal phalanx of thumb Thumb MCP extension Deep branch of radial nerve
*Thumb CMC extension
Extensor pollicis longus Posterior shaft of ulna Posterior base of distal phalanx of thumb Thumb IP extension Deep branch of radial nerve
*Thumb MCP, CMC extension
Extensor indicis Posterior shaft of ulna Extensor expansion of 2nd digit MCP extension of 2nd digit Deep branch of radial nerve
Hand
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Palmaris brevis Flexor retinaculum Dermis of skin of palm Corrugates skin of palm Superficial branch of ulnar nerve
Palmar aponeurosis
Lumbricals (4) Flexor digitorum profundus tendons Extensor expansion of 2nd-5th digits MCP flexion of 2nd-5th digits Median nerve (lateral two, #1-2) Commented [A4]: Digital branches of median nerve
DIP and PIP extension of 2nd-5th digits Deep branch of ulnar nerve
(medial two, #3-4)
Palmar Interossei (4) Base of 1st metacarpal (#1) Base of proximal phalanx of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th digits MCP adduction of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th digits Deep branch of ulnar nerve Commented [A5]: Rudimentary, part of AP or FPB
Anterior shaft of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal (#2-4) Extensor expansion of 2nd, 4th, 5th digits
Dorsal interossei (4) Adjacent sides of shafts of metacarpals Base of proximal phalanx of 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits MCP abduction of 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Extensor expansion of 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits
Adductor pollicis Capitate, base of 2nd-3rd metacarpal (oblique head) Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Thumb MCP adduction Deep branch of ulnar nerve
3rd metacarpal (transverse head)
THENAR MUSCLES
Abductor pollicis brevis Scaphoid, trapezium Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Thumb MCP abduction Median nerve Commented [A6]: Muscular/recurrent branch of median
Flexor retinaculum nerve supplies the thenar eminence (i.e. APB, FPB, OP)
Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Thumb MCP flexion Median nerve
Opponens pollicis Flexor retinaculum Shaft of 1st metacarpal Thumb opposition Median nerve
HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES
Abductor digiti minimi Pisiform Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit MCP abduction of 5th digit Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Flexor digiti minimi Hook of hamate Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit MCP flexion of 5th digit Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Flexor retinaculum
Opponens digiti minimi Hook of hamate Medial border of 5th metacarpal Opposition of 5th digit Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Flexor retinaculum