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PN Junction Diode I-V Characteristics

The document describes a procedure to draw the I-V characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. Key steps include: 1. Constructing a circuit with a diode, battery, resistor, voltmeter and ammeter. 2. Increasing the forward bias voltage and recording the corresponding current readings. 3. Increasing the reverse bias voltage and recording the reverse current readings. 4. Plotting the forward and reverse I-V curves on graph paper to obtain the characteristic curves of the diode.

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143 views4 pages

PN Junction Diode I-V Characteristics

The document describes a procedure to draw the I-V characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. Key steps include: 1. Constructing a circuit with a diode, battery, resistor, voltmeter and ammeter. 2. Increasing the forward bias voltage and recording the corresponding current readings. 3. Increasing the reverse bias voltage and recording the reverse current readings. 4. Plotting the forward and reverse I-V curves on graph paper to obtain the characteristic curves of the diode.

Uploaded by

deepakrambhakt07
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Introduction and Methods
  • Forward-Bias Procedure
  • Reverse-Bias Procedure
  • Observations and Calculations

Aim: To draw the I - V characteristies curve of p-njunctlon in forward blas & reverse blas.

Apparatus: A p-njunction semi-conductor diode, a three volt battery, a high resistance, a rheostat, a voltmeter
(0-3v). a milli ammeter (0-.30 mA), o n e - way key, connecting wires.

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FCAWARDLTAGE (M

PEEECAS
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PROCEDURE
For forward-bias
1. Make circuit diagram as shown in diagram
Make all connections neat, clean and tight.
Note least count and zero error of voltmeter (V) and milli-ammeter (mA).
Bring moving contact of potential divider (rheostat) near negative end and insert the key
K. Voltmeter (V) and milli-ammeter (mA) will give zero reading.
5. Move the contact a little towards positive end to apply a forward-bias voltage (V of
0.1 V. Current remains zero.

66. Increase the forward-bias voltage upto 0.3 V for Ge diode. Current remains zero. (It is due
to junction potential barrier of 0.3 V).
7. Increase V, to 0.4 V. Milli-ammeter records a small current.
8 Increase V, in steps of 0.2 V and note the corresponding current. Current increases first
slowly and then rapidly, till V, becomes 0.7 V.
9 Make V =0.72 V. The current increases suddenly. This represents "forward breakdown" stage.
10. If the V, increases beyond "forward breakdown" stage, the forward current does not change
much. Now take out the key at once.
11. Record your observations as given ahead.
For reverse-bias
12. Make circuit diagram as shown in diagram.
13. Make all connections neat, clean and tight.
14. Note least count and zero error (V) and micro-ammeter (LA).
of voltmeter
end and insert the ke
15. Bring moving contact of potential divider (rheostat) n e a r positive
K. Voltmeter (V) and micro-ammeter (uA) will give zero reading
16. Move the contact towards negative end to apply a reverse-bias voltage (Vof 0.5 V, a feebly
reverse current starts flowing.
17. Increase V, in steps of 0.2 V. Current increases first slowly and then rapidly till VR becomes
20 V. Note the current.
18. Make V, 25 V. The current increases suddenly. This represents reverse breakdown"
=

stage. Note the current and take out the key at once.
19 Record your observations as given ahead.
Ar pinjane ti di

Observations:
Least count of voltmeter = 0.02 & 1 v/div Zero error =-
Least count of milli-ammeter = 0.2 mA/div Zero error =-
Least count of micro-ammeter = 2/4 A/div Zero error =

Observation Table:

Forward Bias Voltage Forward Current Reverse bias Voltage Reverse Current
S. No.
() (mA) (V (4A)
10x 0.02= 0.20_ 2 x 0.2 =0.4 10x1 =10 5 x2 =10
0.30 4x0.2 =0.8 15 16
0.40 6x0.2= 1.6 20 22

0.50 11 x0.2 =2.2


0.60 18x 0.2= 3.6 8
48
0.70 23x0.2= 4.6
0.80 31x 0.2=6.2
0.90 39x 0.2=7.8 45 2

Page 15 (PHYSICS)

Calculations:

Craph is plotted between forward- bias voltage (V) (on x-axis) and forward current, IF (on y - axis)

Scale: X- axis: 1 cm =V Y- axis: 1 cm = mA of IF


of Vr
Graph is plotted between reverse bias voltage, Vr (along X axis) and reverse current, Ir (along Y' axis).
Scale: X' axis Y axis = I cm = juA of
=
1 cm =V of VR
Result: The obtained curves are the characteristics curves of the semi-conductor diode.

Precautions:
i) All connections should be neat, clean & tight. (i) Key should be used in circuit & opened when the circuit is not
being used. (i) Forward bias voltage beyond breakdown should not be applied.
Sources of error: The junction diode supplied maybe faulty.

Aim: To draw the I - V characteristies curve of p-njunctlon in forward blas & reverse blas. Apparatus: A p-njunction semi-co
PROCEDURE For forward-bias 1. Make circuit diagram as shown in diagram Make all connections neat, clean and tight. Note
For reverse-bias 12. Make circuit diagram as shown in diagram. 13. Make all connections neat, clean and tight. 14. Note le
Ar pinjane ti di Observations: Least count of voltmeter = 0.02 & 1 v/div Zero error =- Least count of milli-ammeter = 0.2 m

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