Chemistry for Changing Times, 14e (Hill/McCreary)

Chapter 21 Household Chemicals

21.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) One of the major problems with the use of household chemicals is

A) they are toxic.
B) consumers often fail to read directions and warnings.
C) they do not perform well.
D) all of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

2) The majority of household chemicals are

A) cleaning agents.
B) laundry products.
C) cosmetics.
D) paints.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

3) Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) react with water to form an alkaline
solution that has detergent properties. These compounds are present in
A) detergents.
B) lye based soaps.
C) saponins.
D) plant ashes.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

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4) American pioneers combined potash solution and animal fat in a huge iron kettle and cooked it over
several hours. The result was
A) detergent.
B) soap.
C) cooking oil.
D) food for animals.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

5) The substance with the formula shown below is a(n)

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

A) alcohol.
B) detergent.
C) saponin.
D) fatty acid.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

6) Soap is
A) a glycerol ester.
B) a salt of a fatty acid.
C) lithium sulfate.
D) glycerol.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

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7) Animal fats and vegetable oil can be converted to soaps by reaction with
A) sodium hydroxide.
B) sodium carbonate.
C) sodium hyperchlorite.
D) sodium phosphate.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

8) Floating soaps are

A) composed of short chain fatty acids.
B) composed of branched chain fatty acids.
C) blown with air during processing.
D) detergents.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

9) The molecule shown below is a(n)

A) detergent.
B) saponin.
C) soap.
D) esterester.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

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10) In cleaning, soap acts as a(n) ________ between "dirt" and water.
A) catalyst
B) chemical reactant
C) emulsifier
D) insulator
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

11) In acidic solutions, soaps are converted to

A) salts.
B) fatty acids.
C) detergents.
D) fats.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

12) In hard water, soaps are converted to

A) insoluble salts.
B) bases.
C) lye.
D) anhydrides.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

13) An advantage of potassium soaps is that they are ________ than sodium soaps.
A) softer
B) harder
C) more neutral
D) stronger
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

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14) Bathtub ring is caused by
A) the action of ammonia with water.
B) precipitation of soap by "hard" metal ions.
C) rust formation from sulfur in the water.
D) soap and water cause a ringing sound in the ears.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 40 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

15) Washing soda is

A) sodium peroxide.
B) sodium carbonate.
C) sodium borate.
D) sodium chloride.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

16) Water softeners

A) remove "hard" ions.
B) destroy "hard" ions.
C) modify "hard" ions.
D) Water softeners do all of the above.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

17) Water softeners remove all of the following ions EXCEPT

A) Ca2+.
B) Fe2+.
C) Mg2+.
D) Na+.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

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18) Which of the following statements about soaps and detergents is NOT true?
A) The hydrophilic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
B) The hydrophilic end is ionic.
C) The hydrophobic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
D) Soaps form micelles in solution.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

19) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of soap? Soap is

A) biodegradable.
B) derived from renewable resources.
C) an excellent cleaner in hard water.
D) relatively nontoxic.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

20) Soap can be made by boiling animal fat with lye or potash for several hours. What is the major
disadvantage to the lye soap made this way?
A) It did not clean well.
B) It often contained unreacted alkali, which was very harsh on the skin.
C) Glycerol separated out from the soap and remained on the bottom of the kettle.
D) It did not kill bacteria.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

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21) The molecule shown below is a

A) soap.
B) detergent.
C) fatty acid.
D) polymer.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.

22) A problem with ABS detergents is that they

A) are toxic.
B) do not degrade readily.
C) contain phosphates.
D) are less effective in hard water.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.

23) The major advantage of LAS detergents over ABS detergents is that they
A) are effective in hard water.
B) are soil based.
C) are biodegradable.
D) lack phosphates.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 15 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.

24) Detergents are better cleaners than soaps in

A) hard water.
B) soft water.
C) alkaline water.
D) all of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.
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25) Which water softener "ties up" calcium ions and keeps them in solution?
A) sodium carbonate
B) sodium phosphate
C) fatty acids
D) zeolites
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

26) Substances added to surfactants to increase their detergency are

A) brighteners.
B) builders.
C) emulsifiers.
D) enzymes.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

27) Optical brighteners are often added to

A) detergents.
B) soaps.
C) cosmetics.
D) They are added to all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

28) Optical brighteners work by

A) absorbing blue rays and ultraviolet rays.
B) absorbing ultraviolet rays and emitting blue rays.
C) spontaneously emitting blue rays when they attach to clothing fibers.
D) spontaneously emitting ultraviolet rays when they attach to clothing fibers.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

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29) Cationic surfactants are not good detergents but are used mainly for their ________ action.
A) cleaning
B) menthol
C) germicidal
D) darkening
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

30) Sequestration is
A) precipitating magnesium and calcium ions.
B) when sodium and lithium ions are tied up in soluble complexes.
C) when calcium and magnesium ions are tied up in soluble complexes.
D) a nonionic surfactant.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

31) Which of the following categories of surfactants gives the least amount of sudsing?
A) amphoteric surfactants
B) anionic surfactants
C) cationic surfactants
D) nonionic surfactants
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

32) Soaps are

A) anionic surfactants.
B) nonionic surfactants.
C) neutral surfactants.
D) positive surfactants.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

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33) Automatic dishwashing detergents are
A) similar to detergents for hand washing.
B) relatively strong bases.
C) relatively strong acids.
D) safe for hand washing of dishes.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

34) Which of the following forms a strongly caustic solution when mixed with water?
A) automatic dishwashing detergent
B) liquid dishwashing detergent
C) liquid clothing detergent
D) bath soap
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

35) Which of the following is NOT a component of detergents for washing dishes by hand?
A) enzymes
B) fragrances
C) strong alkalis
D) surfactants
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

36) Quaternary salts with two long carbon chains and two smaller chains on the nitrogen are used as
A) bleaches.
B) analgesics.
C) fabric softeners.
D) weed killers.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.5 Identify a fabric softener from its structure, and describe its action.

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37) Which of the following statements is NOT true for fabric softeners?
A) They are anionic surfactants.
B) They are quaternary salts.
C) They form a film which lubricates the fibers in the fabric.
D) They have two long hydrocarbon chains.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.5 Identify a fabric softener from its structure, and describe its action.

38) The active ingredient in chlorine laundry bleaches is

A) chlorine, Cl2.
B) sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl.
C) sodium chloride, NaCl.
D) a mixture of CFCs.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

39) The active ingredient in oxygen bleaches is

A) NaOCl.
B) NaBO2 ∙ H2O2.
C) O2.
D) Na3PO4.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

40) Why are perborate bleaches better for white, resin-treated, polyester-cotton fabrics than chlorine
bleaches?
A) Chlorine bleaches release a toxic gas when in contact with this type of fabric.
B) Chlorine bleaches ruin the fabric.
C) Oxygen bleaches are cheaper.
D) The fabric lasts longer.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

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41) Bleaches are
A) oxidizing agents.
B) reducing agents.
C) brighteners.
D) detergents.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

42) Bleaches work by

A) changing the structure of color-producing groups called chromophores to make them colorless.
B) acting directly on the soiled spot to remove the soil.
C) changing the stains so that they absorb UV light and then release blue light.
D) covering the stains with quaternary ammonium ions so that they are no longer visible.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

43) Fabric softeners are

A) potassium salts of long chain fatty acids.
B) oxidizing agents.
C) quaternary salts with two long carbon chains and two smaller chains on the nitrogen.
D) nonionic surfactants.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.5 Identify a fabric softener from its structure, and describe its action.

44) Household ammonia solutions are

A) acidic.
B) basic.
C) neutral.
D) oxidizing agents.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

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45) Baking soda can be used as
A) an automatic dishwashing detergent.
B) a germicide.
C) a substance to absorb odor.
D) an acid.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

46) The abrasive in commercial powdered cleansers is often

A) sodium carbonate.
B) baking powder.
C) charcoal.
D) gold metal.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

47) The main ingredient in oven cleaners is

A) acetic acid (vinegar).
B) bleach.
C) citric acid.
D) sodium hydroxide.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

48) What type of chemical is most effective in removing the build-up of "lime" that is often found in toilet
bowls?
A) an abrasive
B) an acid
C) a base
D) a bleach
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

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49) A cleaning product that may contain either ammonia or vinegar in a dilute solution of isopropyl
(rubbing) alcohol would be used as a(n)
A) toilet bowl cleaner.
B) oven cleaner.
C) glass cleaner.
D) drain cleaner.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

50) Which of the following ingredients is NOT found in drain cleaners?

A) aluminum filings
B) bleach
C) HCl
D) NaOH
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

51) A green product would most likely NOT contain which of the following?
A) a natural scent
B) materials derived from plant sources
C) degradable ingredients
D) volatile hydrocarbons
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.12 Use green chemistry principles to help select greener household products.

52) When we buy products for household use, we should avoid products whose packaging is
A) reusable.
B) recyclable.
C) degradable.
D) longest lasting.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 21.12 Use green chemistry principles to help select greener household products.

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53) A molecule that contains only C, H and O atoms will degrade most quickly if its structure
A) is a straight chain.
B) contains many branches.
C) contains rings.
D) also has halogen atoms.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

54) Which of the following is a hazard of using organic solvents in the home? Organic solvents are
A) flammable.
B) toxic.
C) volatile.
D) All of the above are hazards.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.8 Identify compounds used in solvents and paints, and explain their purposes.

55) Which of the following is no longer used as a component of paint?

A) polymers
B) 2PbCO3 ∙ Pb(OH)2
C) tung oil
D) ester
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.8 Identify compounds used in solvents and paints, and explain their purposes.

56) Which of the following ingredients will NOT be found in paint?

A) white lead
B) titanium dioxide
C) a solvent
D) a binder
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.8 Identify compounds used in solvents and paints, and explain their purposes.

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57) Lanolin comes from
A) beeswax.
B) palm tree leaves.
C) sheep's wool.
D) sea urchins.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.9 Identify waxes by their structure.

58) A wax is a(n)

A) ether made from two long-chain alcohols.
B) ester made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol.
C) long-chain compound that contains both an alcohol group and an amino group.
D) amide made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain amine.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.9 Identify waxes by their structure.

59) All of the following are used as binders for paint EXCEPT
A) acrylic resins.
B) linseed oil.
C) polyvinyl acetate.
D) All of the above are binders.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.8 Identify compounds used in solvents and paints, and explain their purposes.

60) Which one of the following is NOT considered a cosmetic?

A) soap
B) lipstick
C) toothpaste
D) facial cream
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

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61) Which generally does NOT need to be proven safe and effective before marketing?
A) cosmetic
B) drug
C) food additive
D) a cooking oil
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

62) Which is NOT a cosmetic?

A) antidandruff shampoo
B) lipstick
C) blush
D) perfume
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

63) The oil secreted by glands in the skin is called

A) sweat.
B) sebum.
C) melanin.
D) musk.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

64) A cosmetic that is a suspension of oil in water is called a

A) wax.
B) lotion.
C) lanolin.
D) cream.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

17
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
65) A cosmetic that is a suspension of water in oil is called a
A) cream.
B) sunscreen.
C) moisturizer.
D) wax.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

66) The ideal moisture content of skin is approximately

A) 3%.
B) 10%.
C) 16%.
D) 75%.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

67) The outer layer of skin is called the

A) exoskin.
B) episkin.
C) epidermis.
D) exodermis.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

68) A typical ingredient in skin lotions and creams is

A) palm oil.
B) pork fat.
C) corn oil.
D) walnut oil.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

18
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
69) Emollients are
A) artificial skin.
B) skin plasticizers.
C) skin coatings.
D) skin catalysts.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

70) Skin moisturizers

A) add moisture to skin.
B) prevent loss of moisture from skin.
C) cause skin to produce more water.
D) do all of the above.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

71) Sunscreens contain chemicals that

A) absorb both UV-A and UV-B rays.
B) absorb neither UV-A nor UV-B rays.
C) inhibit melanin production in the skin.
D) promote melanin production in skin.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

72) Exposure of skin to UV radiation does NOT cause

A) melanin production.
B) increased risk of skin cancer.
C) premature aging of skin.
D) a reverse in the aging process.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

19
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
73) Skin cream and lipsticks have approximately the same basic composition. What is added to lipsticks
to make them more firm?
A) wax
B) cellulose
C) petroleum jelly
D) abrasive
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

74) A major problem with eye makeups is

A) bacterial contamination after extended use.
B) color fading.
C) allergic reactions.
D) all of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

75) White eye shadow is "colored" with titanium dioxide or

A) lampblack.
B) chromic oxide.
C) lead sulfide.
D) zinc oxide.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

76) Deodorants act by

A) breaking down odorous chemicals as they are produced.
B) destroying odor-causing bacteria.
C) producing enzymes.
D) reacting with sweat glands to stop perspiration.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

20
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
77) The active ingredient in almost all antiperspirants is
A) aluminum chlorohydrate.
B) ethanol.
C) ethylene oxide.
D) aluminum oxide.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

78) Astringents are used primarily in

A) perfumes.
B) lipsticks.
C) antiperspirants.
D) hair spray.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

79) Powdered eye shadows have ________ as a base.

A) talc
B) sugar
C) corn starch
D) peanut oil
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

80) The layer of skin that contains sweat glands and hair follicles is the
A) apocrine.
B) dermis.
C) epidermis.
D) eccrine.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

21
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
81) The layer of skin whose moisture content determines whether our skin feels moist and soft or dry and
flaky is the
A) apocrine.
B) dermis.
C) epidermis.
D) eccrine.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

82) Detergents and abrasives are the major active ingredients in

A) colognes.
B) shampoos.
C) skin creams.
D) toothpastes.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

83) Which substance strengthens tooth enamel?

A) fluoride
B) abrasive
C) plaque
D) protein
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

84) The principal material of tooth enamel is

A) fluoride.
B) collagen.
C) hydroxyapatite.
D) protein.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

22
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
85) The following is a list of ingredients in a familiar product: water, glycerin, hydrated silica, alumina,
cellulose gum, sodium lauryl sulfate, wintergreen flavoring, sodium benzoate, titanium dioxide, sodium
saccharin. The product is
A) ice cream.
B) industrial abrasive.
C) lipstick.
D) toothpaste.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

86) A commonly used abrasive that is NOT used in toothpaste is

A) sugar.
B) calcium carbonate.
C) calcium hydrogen phosphate.
D) calcium pyrophosphate.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

87) In toothpaste, the most important function of the abrasive is to

A) kill bacteria in the mouth.
B) produce a shiny gloss on the teeth.
C) cause a reaction between detergent and fluorides in the toothpaste.
D) remove the sticky dextran film known as plaque.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

23
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
88) Probably the oldest and most widely used cosmetics are
A) toothpastes.
B) deodorants.
C) perfumes.
D) shampoos.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

89) The top note of a perfume

A) is the odor of perfume when it is first applied.
B) is the least volatile component.
C) contains musky odors.
D) has the least pleasant odor.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

90) The fraction of compounds in a perfume that have the highest volatility would be called the
A) end note.
B) middle note.
C) base note.
D) top note.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

91) The fraction of compounds in a perfume that have the lowest volatility would be called the
A) end note.
B) medium note.
C) high note.
D) top note.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

24
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
92) Most aftershaves contain about 50 - 70%
A) methanol.
B) 2-propanol.
C) ethanol.
D) acetone.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

93) Perfumes are

A) pure substances.
B) compounds.
C) simple mixtures of compounds.
D) complex mixtures of compounds.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

94) What substance is added to aftershave lotions to provide a cooling effect?

A) diethyl ether
B) menthol
C) 2-propanol
D) propane
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

95) A perfume's fragrance is just a bit too sweet and flowery. The perfume chemist might add some
A) menthol.
B) more top note.
C) musk.
D) ethanol.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

25
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
96) Colognes are
A) similar to aftershaves.
B) diluted perfumes.
C) perfumes derived from natural products only.
D) totally synthetic perfumes.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

97) The substance left out of most hypoallergenic cosmetics is

A) hydrogen peroxide.
B) oil.
C) perfume.
D) salt.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

98) Colognes are about ________% as strong as perfumes.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 50
D) 10
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

99) Identify the compound that is NOT used for odor in perfumes.
A) irone
B) jasmine
C) hyacinthe
D) methanol
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

26
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
100) Which of the following cosmetics contain the greatest amount of fragrant compounds?
A) perfumes
B) colognes
C) aftershave lotions
D) toothpaste
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

101) Hair is composed of

A) carbohydrate.
B) protein.
C) fat.
D) nucleic acid.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

102) Relative to skin protein, hair protein has more

A) amino acids.
B) disulfide bonds.
C) amide bonds.
D) cationic bonds.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

103) The only necessary ingredient in shampoo is

A) water.
B) conditioner.
C) fragrance.
D) detergent.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

27
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
104) In adult shampoos, the detergent often contains
A) sodium bicarbonate.
B) sodium bisulfate.
C) sodium dodecyl sulfate.
D) lauryl sulfate.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

105) Wet hair is softer because water disrupts

A) disulfide bonds.
B) hydrogen bonds.
C) peptide bonds.
D) cationic bonds.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

106) If you wish to make a shampoo formulation that helps "fix split ends" you would probably add some
A) additional detergent.
B) astringent.
C) protein.
D) pH balance.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

107) The brown pigment in hair is called

A) eumelanin.
B) phaeomelanin.
C) chlorophyll.
D) β-carotene.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

28
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
108) The red-brown pigment in hair is called
A) melanin.
B) phaeomelanin.
C) chlorophyll.
D) β-carotene.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

109) People with brunette hair have lots of

A) melanin.
B) phaeomelanin.
C) chlorophyll.
D) none of these
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

110) People with red hair have lots of

A) melanin.
B) phaeomelanin.
C) chlorophyll.
D) none of these
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

111) What chemical compound is used to bleach hair?

A) hydrogen peroxide
B) sodium hypochlorite
C) melanin
D) thioglycolic acid
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

29
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
112) People with blonde hair have ________ pigment(s) in their hair.
A) very little
B) melanin
C) phaeomelanin
D) melanin and phaeomelanin
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

113) Hair is most efficiently "permanently" dyed by

A) soaking hair in the colored dye.
B) adding colorless reactants that react in the hair to form the desired color.
C) using water soluble dyes.
D) None of the above dyes hair efficiently.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

114) There is evidence that some hair dyes may be carcinogenic. Because hair dyes are classified as
cosmetics, the FDA cannot
A) ban them without sufficient proof of harm.
B) approve them without sufficient proof of safety.
C) approve them without sufficient carcinogenic testing.
D) ban them.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

115) Hair colorings that gradually develop hair color

A) have chemistry similar to other permanent hair dyes.
B) contain lead compounds that react with hair to form black lead sulfide.
C) are dilute solutions of black paint.
D) react with hair to reform melanin and phaeomelanin.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

30
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
116) The first step in hair curling is to add thioglycolic acid. This causes
A) hair protein to hydrolyze into amino acids.
B) disulfide bonds to break.
C) new disulfide bonds to form.
D) cysteine to be added to the amino acid sequence.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.12 Use green chemistry principles to help select greener household products.

117) The last step in hair curling is to roll the hair on curlers and treat the rolled hair with hydrogen
peroxide (neutralizer). This causes
A) new disulfide bonds to form.
B) old disulfide bonds to break.
C) amino acids to reform into a new sequence.
D) cysteines to be inserted into the primary structure.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.12 Use green chemistry principles to help select greener household products.

118) The substances in hair sprays and mousses that hold hair in place are
A) emollients.
B) resins.
C) oxidizing agents.
D) waxes.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

119) Minoxidil was first used as a drug for treating high blood pressure. It is now used for
A) bleaching hair.
B) growing hair.
C) curling hair.
D) dyeing hair.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

31
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
120) The protein that forms the strand of hair is
A) cortex.
B) cuticle.
C) follicle.
D) keratin.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

121) The color of human hair depends partly on the ratio of

A) cortex to cuticle.
B) melanin to phaeomelanin.
C) cystine to cysteine.
D) sebum to lanolin.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.11 Describe the chemical nature of skin, hair, and teeth.

21.2 True/False Questions

1) Soap is a salt of a long-chain carboxylic acid.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

2) A soap has a long hydrophilic tail and a charged hydrophobic head.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

3) Soap is ineffective against bacteria, so bacteriocidal agents must be added to make anti-bacterial soaps.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of soap.

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4) An agent that stabilizes the suspension of nonpolar substances in water is called a surfactant.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.

5) A disadvantage of LAS detergents is that their calcium and magnesium salts precipitate out of solution
in hard water.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.

6) Surfactants that carry a negative charge are known as cationic surfactants.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

7) The use of phosphates in laundry detergents has been banned in many states because phosphates
contribute to the eutrophication of lakes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

8) Alcohol ethoxylates are more soluble in cold water than in hot water.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.

9) The main function of a builder is to reduce water hardness.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

10) Detergents for washing dishes by hand are very alkaline.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

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11) Fabric softeners are cationic surfactants.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.5 Identify a fabric softener from its structure, and describe its action.

12) The two main types of laundry bleaches are chlorine bleaches and oxygen bleaches.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

13) Oxygen-releasing bleaches are complexes of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) with sodium perborate or
sodium perchlorate. In hot water the peroxide is released and can then act as a bleach.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

14) Household bleach mixed with bleach is safe to use.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

15) Plastics can only be made from fossil fuel sources.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.12 Use green chemistry principles to help select greener household products.

16) One way to contribute to a greener planet is to use products that degrade readily in the environment.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.12 Use green chemistry principles to help select greener household products.

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17) Petroleum solvents are safe to use with open flames.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.8 Identify compounds used in solvents and paints, and explain their purposes.

18) Emollients act by coating the skin and softening it.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

19) Alpha hydroxy acids are carboxylic acids that have a hydroxyl group on the carbon adjacent to the
carboxyl carbon.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

20) Lipsticks contain a lower proportion of wax than skin creams do.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

21) Modern toothpastes frequently contain fluorides, which help to reduce tooth decay.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

22) The two essential ingredients of toothpaste are a detergent and a flavoring.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

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23) Depilatories contain a strong base which can destroy peptide bonds in hair.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

24) In purchasing a shampoo or laundry detergent it is always best to buy the most expensive product.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

25) Adding "natural" ingredients such as herbs to shampoo increases its effectiveness.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 6 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

26) Most cosmetics are made from very expensive ingredients.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

27) The active ingredient in Rogaine was first used to treat high blood pressure.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

21.3 Short Answer Questions

1) What happens when chlorine bleaches are used on polyester fabrics?

Answer: yellowing
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.
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2) The universal pigment used in paint today is ________. It replaced ________, which was used until the
1970s.
Answer: titanium dioxide [TiO2]; lead carbonate (2 PbCO3∙Pb(OH)2]
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.8 Identify compounds used in solvents and paints, and explain their purposes.

3) The three basic ingredients of a paint are ________, ________, and ________.
Answer: solvent, binder, pigment
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.8 Identify compounds used in solvents and paints, and explain their purposes.

4) What is the chemical difference between paraffin and other waxes?

Answer: Paraffin is made up of hydrocarbons. Waxes are esters of long chain alcohols with fatty acids.
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.9 Identify waxes by their structure.

5) People with blonde hair have ________ pigment in their hair.

Answer: very little
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 21.12 Use green chemistry principles to help select greener household products.

21.4 Essay Questions

1) Describe how the structure of a soap molecule makes it an effective cleaning agent in water.
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 8:
Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.1 Describe the structure of soap, and explain how it is made and how it works to
remove greasy dirt.

2) What are ABS detergents? Why were they banned?

Diff: 4 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 8:
Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.3 List the structures, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic detergents.

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3) What is an optical brightener and how does it work?
Diff: 4 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry, Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society, and Global 8: Communicate
effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

4) How do automatic dishwashing detergents differ from detergents used for the hand washing of
dishes?
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry, Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society, and Global 8: Communicate
effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.4 Classify surfactants as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, and nonionic, and describe
how they are used in various detergent formulations.

5) Why is mixing chlorine containing bleaches with other cleaners dangerous?

Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.3
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry, Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society, and Global 8: Communicate
effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.6 Name two types of laundry bleaches, and describe how they work.

6) Why are drain cleaners usually bases?

Diff: 3 Var: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry, Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society, and Global 8: Communicate
effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.7 List the major ingredient(s) (and their purposes) of some all-purpose cleaning
products and some special-purpose cleaning products.

7) What is the difference between a skin cream and a skin lotion?

Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry, Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society, and Global 8: Communicate
effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

8) How do sunscreens protect the skin from harmful radiation?

Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry, Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society, and Global 8: Communicate
effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

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9) Explain why disagreeable odors like musk and civetone are used in the formulation of perfumes.
Diff: 4 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 21.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry, Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society, and Global 8: Communicate
effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 21.10a Identify the principal ingredients in various cosmetic products, and their
purposes.

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.