Chemistry for Changing Times, 14e (Hill/McCreary)

Chapter 10 Polymers

10.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Monomers
A) are small building blocks of polymers.
B) are small polymers.
C) are ethylene.
D) cannot form polymers.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.1 Define polymer and monomer.

2) The word polymer means

A) many parts.
B) many sides.
C) many rings.
D) many carbons.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.1 Define polymer and monomer.

3) The word monomer means

A) one bond.
B) one unit.
C) many bonds.
D) many rings.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.1 Define polymer and monomer.

4) Which statement relating monomers and polymers is correct?

A) They have the same chemical and physical properties.
B) They have different chemical and physical properties.
C) The monomer is usually a solid, while the polymer is usually a liquid or gas.
D) They have the same chemical formula.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.1 Define polymer and monomer.

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5) Which of the following roots means "many"?
A) mer
B) mono
C) poly
D) tetra
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.1 Define polymer and monomer.

6) Natural polymers which carry the coded genetic information that makes each individual unique are
A) proteins.
B) carboxylic acids.
C) esters.
D) nucleic acids.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.1 Define polymer and monomer.

7) Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring polymer?

A) celluloid
B) cellulose
C) starch
D) wool
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 6 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

8) Which of the following is a naturally occurring polymer?

A) celluloid
B) nylon
C) starch
D) None of the above is a naturally occurring polymer.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

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9) Wool and silk are examples of which type of naturally occurring polymer?
A) cellulose
B) polyesters
C) nucleic acids
D) proteins
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

10) Celluloid is a chemical modification of which natural product?

A) cellulose
B) cells
C) ivory
D) cellophane
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

11) The first "practical" application of celluloid was

A) billiard balls.
B) movie film.
C) stiff collars.
D) airplane wings.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

12) Polyethylene terephthalate is used for

A) nonstick frying pans.
B) automobile frames.
C) drink.
D) stiff collars on men's shirts that are out of fashion.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 36 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

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13) The first attempts to make synthetic polymers involved
A) combining monomers of ethylene to form polyethylene.
B) modifying a naturally occurring polymer to form celluloid.
C) compression molding.
D) the synthesis of polyamides.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

14) The first synthetic polymer was produced in 1909 and is known as
A) polyethylene.
B) celluloid.
C) bakelite.
D) plexiglass.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

15) Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer?

A) polymethane
B) polyethylene
C) polyvinyl chloride
D) polystyrene
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

16) Polyethylene is NOT

A) tough.
B) flexible.
C) a thermoplastic polymer.
D) a thermosetting polymer.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

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17) One of the first applications of polyethylene was
A) billiard balls.
B) garbage bags.
C) electrical insulation.
D) parachutes.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

18) High-density polyethylene is composed of

A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement.
B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement.
C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene.
D) polyethylene with high density plasticizers added to increase density.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

19) Low-density polyethylene is composed of

A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement.
B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement.
C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene.
D) polyethylene with low density plasticizers added to increase density.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

20) HDPE finds applications in

A) waxed paper.
B) threaded bottle caps.
C) baggies.
D) cans.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

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21) LDPE finds applications as
A) plastic film.
B) threaded bottle caps.
C) drain pipes.
D) plastic television trays.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

22) LDPE stands for

A) linearly dense polyethylene.
B) light diffuse polyethylene.
C) low-density polyethylene.
D) lightly doped polyethylene.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

23) HDPE stands for

A) high-density polyethylene.
B) hot-dipped polyethylene.
C) high-dose polyethylene.
D) highly-diffuse polyethylene.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

24) Thermoplastic polymers may be

A) heated and reformed.
B) heated, but not reformed.
C) decomposed by heating.
D) changed in color by heating.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.4 Use the terms thermoplastic and thermosetting to explain how polymer structure
determines properties.

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25) The most widely used synthetic polymer is
A) polyethylene.
B) polyvinyl chloride.
C) polystyrene.
D) polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon).
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

26) The development of which polymer enabled the British to have effective radar equipment and thus
contributed to the British success in the Battle of Britain in World War II?
A) polystyrene
B) polyvinyl chloride
C) Teflon
D) polyethylene
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

27) A copolymer is composed of

A) two or more different monomers.
B) different polymers linked end to end.
C) different polymers cross-linked.
D) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

28) Which of the following is a copolymer?

A) celluloid
B) cellulose
C) linear low-density polyethylene
D) carbon nanotubes
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

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29) The polymer segment ~CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2~ represents
A) polyethylene.
B) polypropylene.
C) polystyrene.
D) polyvinyl chloride.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

30) Which of the following statements about ethylene and polyethylene is true?
A) The polymer has the same properties as the monomer.
B) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only
single bonds between carbons.
C) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only
double bonds between carbons.
D) The polymer has only single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds
between carbons.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

31) Which of the following statements about the difference between HDPE and LDPE is NOT correct?
A) HDPE has a higher density than LDPE does.
B) HDPE holds its shape better than LDPE does when they are put into boiling water.
C) HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is.
D) HDPE has fewer side chains branching off from the main chains than LDPE does.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

32) Carbon can exist is several forms. Which of the following is a form of carbon and does not contain
other atoms besides carbon?
A) fullerenes
B) celluloid
C) cellulose
D) starch
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

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33) Which of the following types of carbon consists of one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbons?
A) buckyballs
B) graphene
C) graphite
D) nanotubes
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

34) The monomer of polypropylene is

A) CH2 CH2.
B) CH2 CH—CH3.
C) CH3CH3.
D) CH3CH2CH3.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

35) Polystyrene is not used for

A) condiment bottles.
B) disposable coffee cups.
C) material for packing.
D) home insulation.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

36) Polyvinyl chloride is used for drain pipes in plumbing applications. It has replaced traditional cast
iron pipe for this purpose. The major advantage of PVC in replacing cast iron for this application
(particularly if you are a plumber or homeowner) is that PVC
A) is of lighter weight.
B) is easier to handle and cut.
C) is more resistant to corrosion.
D) All of the above are advantages of PVC.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

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37) Another name for Teflon is
A) LDPE.
B) PVC.
C) PTFE.
D) HDPE.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

38) The monomer used to make Teflon is

A) H2C CH2.
B) Cl2C CH2.
C) H2C CHCl.
D) F2C CF2.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

39) The monomer used to make PVC is

A) H2C CH2.
B) Cl2C CH2.
C) H2C CHCl.
D) F2C CF2.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

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40) One of the problems in the production of PVC is that
A) vinyl chloride is explosive.
B) vinyl chloride is carcinogenic.
C) vinyl chloride is toxic.
D) vinyl chloride is a solid at room temperature.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

41) A polymer that conducts electricity is

A) polyacetylene.
B) polyethylene.
C) polyvinyl chloride.
D) polystyrene.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

42) Plexiglass is
A) polyvinyl chloride.
B) polymethyl methacrylate.
C) polytetrafluoroethylene.
D) polyvinyl acetate.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 18 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

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43) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?

A) polyethylene
B) polyvinyl chloride
C) polypropylene
D) teflon
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

44) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?

A) polyethylene
B) polyvinyl chloride
C) polypropylene
D) Teflon
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

12
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45) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?

A) polyethylene
B) polyvinyl chloride
C) polypropylene
D) teflon
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

46) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?

A) polyethylene
B) polyvinyl chloride
C) polypropylene
D) Teflon
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

13
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47) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?

A) polyethylene
B) polyvinyl chloride
C) polypropylene
D) polystyrene
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

48) Polyvinyl acetate is used for

A) carpet.
B) chewing gum resin.
C) yarns.
D) floor tile.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

49) What is Teflon used for?

A) food wrap
B) nonstick cookware
C) bullet-proof vests
D) garbage bags
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 47 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

50) How does the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) differ from the monomer of polyethylene (PE)?
A) The PVC monomer has a chlorine atom, but the PE monomer does not.
B) The PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms, but the PE monomer does not.
C) The PE monomer has one chlorine atom, and the PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms.
D) The PVC monomer has a triple bond, and the PE monomer has a double bond.
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

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51) The pendant group in polystyrene is a(n)
A) benzene ring.
B) chlorine atom.
C) ethyl group.
D) methyl group.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

52) The pendant group in polypropylene is a(n)

A) benzene ring.
B) chlorine atom.
C) ethyl group.
D) methyl group.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

53) The monomer from which polyethylene is made has ________ attached to the C=C.
A) only H atoms
B) a Cl atom
C) a benzene ring
D) a methyl group
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

54) Natural rubber can be made from the monomer

A) propylene.
B) polybutylene.
C) polyvinyl acetate.
D) isoprene.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

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55) Vulcanization of rubber was discovered by
A) Charles Goodrich.
B) Charles Goodyear.
C) Charles Firestone.
D) Charles Vulcan.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.

56) Vulcanization makes rubber

A) hard.
B) sticky.
C) soft.
D) less elastic.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.6 Define cross-linking, and explain how it changes the properties of a polymer.

57) In the vulcanization of rubber, sulfur

A) is inserted into the carbon chain.
B) breaks long carbon chains into smaller chains.
C) forms links between polymer chains.
D) links all chains into one long chain.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.6 Define cross-linking, and explain how it changes the properties of a polymer.

58) Elastomers are synthetic polymers that mimic the properties of

A) vulcanized rubber.
B) polyethylene.
C) celluloid.
D) PVC.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.6 Define cross-linking, and explain how it changes the properties of a polymer.

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59) Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a
A) condensation polymer.
B) vulcanized rubber.
C) copolymer.
D) all of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

60) The main use of elastomers is

A) automobile tires.
B) synthetic body parts.
C) waxed paper.
D) wigs.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

61) One of the disadvantages of polybutadiene rubber for automobile tires is

A) poor resistance to gasoline and oils.
B) its color.
C) density.
D) expense.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

62) The substance in paints that hardens to form a continuous surface coating is called a
A) pigment.
B) binder.
C) solvent.
D) thinner.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.6 Define cross-linking, and explain how it changes the properties of a polymer.

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63) In order for a synthetic polymer to be used as a binder in water-base latex paints, it must have
________ properties.
A) reactive
B) inert
C) rubberlike
D) aromatic
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.6 Define cross-linking, and explain how it changes the properties of a polymer.

64) Silicone is a(n)

A) polyester.
B) plasticizer.
C) conducting polymer.
D) None of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.7 Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization.

65) One example of a condensation polymer is

A) polyvinyl chloride.
B) nylon.
C) Plexiglass.
D) polyvinyl acetate.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.7 Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization.

66) When polyester is formed as a film as opposed to a fiber, it is used in

A) party balloons.
B) floor tile.
C) bulletproof vests.
D) artificial limbs.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

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67) The segment of a polymer shown below represents a

A) polyamide.
B) polyester.
C) polyethylene.
D) polystyrene.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.8 Write the structures of the monomers that form polyesters and polyamides.

68) The segment of a polymer shown below represents a

A) polyamide.
B) polyester.
C) polyethylene.
D) polystyrene.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.8 Write the structures of the monomers that form polyesters and polyamides.

69) Nylons are named according to the number of ________ atoms in each monomer unit.
A) hydrogen
B) nitrogen
C) oxygen
D) carbon
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.8 Write the structures of the monomers that form polyesters and polyamides.

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70) Composite materials are used for
A) paint.
B) disposable cups.
C) thread.
D) automobile panels.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

71) Silicons are NOT used for

A) lubricants.
B) garbage bags.
C) hydraulic fluids.
D) shoe polish.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

72) Which of the following is NOT a condensation polymer?

A) polypropylene
B) polyester
C) Dacron
D) polyurethane
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.7 Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization.

73) Which of the following natural polymers is a polyamide?

A) nylon
B) plant fibers
C) wool
D) amylopectin
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 36 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.8 Write the structures of the monomers that form polyesters and polyamides.

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74) Which of the following statements about addition and condensation polymers is true?
A) Both addition polymers and condensation polymers contain all of the atoms of the monomers.
B) Both addition polymers and condensation polymers lose some atoms from the original monomers
when the polymer is formed.
C) Addition polymers contain all of the atoms of the original monomers, but condensation polymers do
not.
D) Condensation polymers contain all of the atoms of the original monomers, but addition polymers do
not.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.7 Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization.

75) Which of the following is NOT true of composite materials?

A) They contain high-strength fibers, often made from glass, graphite or ceramics.
B) The fibers provide support to the composite material.
C) The fibers are usually held together by a thermosetting condensation polymer.
D) The composite materials are not very strong.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

76) The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the
Tg of car tires to be
A) greater than 40°C.
B) less than 40°C but greater than 0°C.
C) exactly 0°C.
D) less than 0°C.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

77) An object will be used in an environment that has a temperature range of -20°C to 10°C. The object
must remain flexible and rubbery. It should have a Tg that is
A) greater than 10°C.
B) less than 10°C but greater than -20°C.
C) exactly -20°C.
D) less than -20°C.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

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78) The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the
Tg of PVC used as seat covers in cars to be
A) greater than 40°C.
B) less than 40°C but greater than 0°C.
C) exactly 0°C.
D) less than 0°C.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

79) The temperature inside the mouth is about 37°C. Polyvinyl acetate, a polymer used in chewing gum,
has a Tg
A) above 37°C.
B) below 37°C.
C) exactly 37°C.
D) above 100°C.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

80) Amorphous polymers are composed of

A) randomly organized polymer chains.
B) highly organized polymer chains.
C) a mixture of random and highly organized polymer chains.
D) one monomer.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.10a Explain how crystallinity affects the physical properties of polymers.

81) Crystalline polymers are composed of

A) randomly organized polymer chains.
B) highly organized polymer chains.
C) a mixture of random and highly organized polymer chains.
D) one monomer.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.10a Explain how crystallinity affects the physical properties of polymers.

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82) Lycra bicycle shorts and exercise clothing contain fibers that have great strength and rigidity as well
as the ability to stretch. These fibers are probably composed of
A) natural rubber.
B) amorphous polymers.
C) crystalline polymers.
D) a creative combination of amorphous and crystalline polymers.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.10a Explain how crystallinity affects the physical properties of polymers.

83) Plexiglas is a polymethyl methacrylate polymer that is used as a glass substitute. The Tg of Plexiglas
is
A) low.
B) high.
C) moderate.
D) not important.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

84) Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous polymers is correct?
A) Crystalline polymers tend to be stronger, while amorphous polymers tend to have great elasticity.
B) Crystalline polymers tend to have greater elasticity, while amorphous polymers tend to be stronger.
C) Both crystalline and amorphous polymers are strong but have little elasticity.
D) Both crystalline and amorphous polymers have great elasticity but have little strength.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.10a Explain how crystallinity affects the physical properties of polymers.

85) The glass transition temperature (Tg) for a material is

A) the temperature that the polymer is unusable.
B) the temperature that the polymer melts.
C) the temperature above which the material is hard and brittle and the temperature below which the
material is tough and rubbery.
D) the temperature below which the material is hard and brittle and the temperature above which the
material is tough and rubbery.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

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86) Plastics make up ________ percent by mass of solid waste.
A) 12
B) 5
C) 25
D) 30
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.

87) One of the advantages of incinerating plastics is

A) the high fuel value.
B) no air pollution.
C) all polymers burn efficiently.
D) All of the above are advantages of incinerating plastics.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

88) Which of the following characteristics of synthetic polymers is NOT a problem?

A) They frequently are neither biodegradable nor photodegradable.
B) They frequently give off poisonous gases when they are burned.
C) They generally have a high energy content and can be burned.
D) They make up a large volume of the waste which goes into landfills.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

89) Which of the following is currently the most desirable method to minimize the problem of disposal of
plastics?
A) Deposit them in a landfill.
B) Incinerate them.
C) Recycle them.
D) Use biodegradable plastics.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

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90) Toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is generated by burning
A) polyacrylonitrile.
B) rubber.
C) bullet-proof vests.
D) polystyrene.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 48 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

91) The greatest hazard in using plastics in home building materials and furnishings is that some
A) poison children who eat them.
B) cause cancer.
C) are slippery.
D) form poisonous gases when burned.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

92) Production of PCBs was discontinued in 1977, yet PCBs are still found in the environment. The
reason for this is
A) PCBs are formed naturally by plants and animals.
B) PCBs are very stable molecules.
C) PCBs are very reactive molecules.
D) PCBs are imported from other countries where their production is not banned.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

93) Which of the following will result from adding a plasticizer to a polymer?
A) They will have a higher glass transition temperature, Tg.
B) They will be more rigid.
C) They will be more transparent.
D) They will be less brittle.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

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94) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been banned because they are an environmental hazard.
Which of the following was NOT a reason for banning them?
A) PCBs degrade slowly in nature.
B) PCBs are nonpolar compounds and do not dissolve readily in water.
C) PCBs have high electrical resistance and are excellent insulating materials.
D) They lower the glass transition temperature, Tg, when they are added to a polymer.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

95) The source of starting materials for synthetic polymers is primarily

A) wood.
B) petroleum and natural gas.
C) water.
D) metals.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 36 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

96) Which of the following is a problem with the use of plastics?

A) They have a low density.
B) They can conduct electricity.
C) They are made from petroleum and natural gas.
D) They can be made from renewable plant resource.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

97) The most commonly recycled plastics are

A) HDPE and PET.
B) PET and PS.
C) HDPEand PS.
D) PET and styrene-butadiene.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.13 Describe plastic recycling, biodegradation, and production from renewable
resources.

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98) All of the following statements about biodegradable polymers are true EXCEPT
A) some can biodegrade by composting.
B) the most sustainable approach is to use renewable resources, especially non-food crops, as a monomer
source.
C) their glass transition temperatures are very high.
D) many require microorganisms to degrade them.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.13 Describe plastic recycling, biodegradation, and production from renewable
resources.

99) Flame-retardant fabrics often have ________ atoms incorporated into the fabric's fibers.
A) Br or O
B) Cr or Br
C) Br or Cl
D) F or Br
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

100) Which of the following statements about biodegradable polymers is true?

A) They will degrade quickly in a landfill.
B) Thermosetting polymers are biodegradable, but thermoplastics are not.
C) They often require specific temperatures or the presence of microorganisms in order to undergo
degradation.
D) Polyvinyl chloride is a biodegradable polymer.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.13 Describe plastic recycling, biodegradation, and production from renewable
resources.

10.2 True/False Questions

1) All polymers are made from synthetic sources.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.2 List several natural polymers including a chemically modified one.

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2) All polymers made from polyethylene will have the same density.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

3) Thermosetting polymers can be melted and reformed into different shapes.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.4 Use the terms thermoplastic and thermosetting to explain how polymer structure
determines properties.

4) Polyethylene has double bonds, but ethylene does not.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

5) Thermosetting resins will decompose rather than melt when they are heated to a high temperature.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.4 Use the terms thermoplastic and thermosetting to explain how polymer structure
determines properties.

6) A large number of polymers are synthesized from monomers that are derived from ethylene.
Replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the ethylene monomer does not change the properties
of the polymer.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.3
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

7) Neoprene is an elastomer that shows better resistance to oil and gasoline than other elastomers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.6 Define cross-linking, and explain how it changes the properties of a polymer.

8) Polyester is an example of a condensation polymer.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.8 Write the structures of the monomers that form polyesters and polyamides.

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9) A silicone polymer has a series of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in the polymer chain.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

10) Amorphous polymers tend to have great strength and rigidity while crystalline polymers tend to have
greater elasticity.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.10a Explain how crystallinity affects the physical properties of polymers.

11) Chewing gum is easier to remove from clothing if ice is applied to the gum. This works because
applying ice lowers the temperature of the gum to below its glass transition temperature (Tg), so the gum
becomes brittle and can be removed more easily.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

12) Crystalline polymers tend to have great strength while amorphous polymers tend to have greater
elasticity.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.10a Explain how crystallinity affects the physical properties of polymers.

13) The glass transition temperature, Tg, is the temperature above which the polymer becomes brittle.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.9 Understand the concept of the glass transition temperature.

14) Approximately 50% of the plastic currently used in the United States is recycled each year.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

15) Fire-retardant fabrics often have nitrogen or zinc atoms incorporated into the fibers of the polymers
from which the cloth is made.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 20 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

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16) A plasticizer makes a material more flexible and less brittle by raising its glass transition temperature
(Tg).
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

17) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are no longer used as plasticizers because they are considered to be
an environmental hazard.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

18) Plasticizers are liquids of low volatility which can be lost by diffusion or evaporation as a plastic
material ages.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

19) Plasticizers, such as biphenyls, are very soluble in water.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

20) The wings of some airplanes are made from composite materials.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

21) Polymers can be made from corn, soybeans, and sugarcane.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry and Global 5:
Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.13 Describe plastic recycling, biodegradation, and production from renewable
resources.

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10.3 Short Answer Questions

1) What is polymerization?
Answer: the process of building polymers from monomers
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.1 Define polymer and monomer.

2) What is a macromolecule?
Answer: a relatively huge molecule composed of a repeating pattern of smaller units
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.1
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

3) What is the connection between polyethylene and the "Battle of Britain" in the second World War?
Answer: PE as insulation for radar
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

4) What type of polymer is used for silly putty?

Answer: silicones
Diff: 2 Var: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

5) Name three advantages of acrylic fiber yarns over wool.

Answer: don't shrink in water, are not attacked by moths, and are non-allergenic
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.6
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

10.4 Essay Questions

1) Compare and contrast the molecular structure and performance characteristics of LDPE and HDPE.
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 10.3 Describe the structure and properties of the two main types of polyethylene.

2) Compare thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers.

Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 10.4 Use the terms thermoplastic and thermosetting to explain how polymer structure
determines properties.

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3) Polyvinyl chloride is used for drain pipe in plumbing applications. It has replaced traditional cast iron
pipe for this purpose. List the advantages of PVC for plumbers, the plumbing industry and homeowners.
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.

4) Draw part of the repeating structure of polymethyl methacrylate.

Diff: 3 Var: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

5) Draw part of the repeating structure of polyvinyl acetate.

Diff: 3 Var: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 10.2
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Learning Obj: LO 10.5 Identify the monomer(s) of an addition polymer, and write the structural formula
for a polymer from its monomer structure(s).

6) Sulfur acts as a cross-linker when rubber is vulcanized. Explain why this cross-linking improves the
performance of rubber.
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.4
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 10.6 Define cross-linking, and explain how it changes the properties of a polymer.

7) Distinguish between a polymer like polyethylene and a copolymer like styrene-butadiene rubber
(SBR).
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 10.7 Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization.

8) Explain how an addition polymer differs from a condensation polymer.

Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 10.7 Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization.

9) What are composite materials? What are their advantages? Give two examples of products that use
composite materials.
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.5
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.

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10) How are polymers linked to the earth's petroleum reserves?
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 10.7
Global Obj: Global 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
Global 8: Communicate effectively in writing.
Learning Obj: LO 10.11 Describe the environmental problems associated with plastics and plasticizers.

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