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1 Project Name: Portable Air

Conditioner
Introduction:
In this project we dive into the development and exploration of a Homemade
Portable Air Conditioner, a device designed for personal cooling while
emphasizing simplicity, affordable and environmental betterment.

Background:
In recent years, the increasing global temperature have increased the demand for
cooling solutions, especially in regions with hot climates. Air conditions have
become a common-appliances in households and workplaces, contributing to the
rise in energy consumption and environmental concerns. In response to these
challenges, the Homemade Portable Air Conditioner project aims to explore in
innovative, energy-efficient, and cost-effective alternative for personal cooling.

Objective:
The primary aim of this project is development of a homemade portable air conditioner a
compact and easily transportable device designed to provide localization cooling. This
initiative aligns with the broader goal of promoting sustainability and empowering
everyone to create their cooling solutions using principles of physics, thereby reducing
reliance on conventional air conditioning units.

Structure of the Report:

This report is structured to guide the reader through the various aspects of the
homemade portable air conditioner project from the concepts used and design
phases to the construction and testing stages. It will outline the key components of
the portable AC unit, the underlying technology, the material used.
 Component Required
 12V DC Fans
 Peltier Thermoelectric
 Power supply
 Heat Sink
 Temperature Meter

Component Description and Purpose:

Direct-Current Fans: The purpose of DC (Direct Current) fans in this
Homemade Air Conditioner is to enhance the airflow and improve the cooling
efficiency of the device. DC fans are commonly used in DIY air conditioning
projects due to their energy efficiency, ease of control, and compatibility with
portable power sources like batteries.

Peltier Thermoelectric: A Peltier thermoelectric device, commonly known

as a Peltier cooler or thermoelectric cooler, is a semiconductor device that uses
Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of
materials.

Heat Sink: The heatsink is a passive cooling device that is used to dissipate
excess heat generated by electronic or mechanical components such as processors,
transistors or thermoelectric devices like Peltier modules.

Temperature Meter: The temperature meter is used in the homemade AC for

temperature monitoring, adjusting temperature, preventing overheating or over
cooling, optimize energy efficiency and enhancing system control.
Physics Laws and Concepts Applied on This
Project

Here are some physics laws and Concepts applied in the making of this Homemade

Portable AC:

Peltier Effect:
 The Peltier Effect is a fundamental principle of thermoelectric cooling. When
an electric current is passed through two dissimilar conductors joined at two
conjunctions, heat is absorbed at one junction and released at the other junction.
The effect is reversible, allowing for the creation of cooling systems

First Law of Thermodynamics:

 States that, the energy cannot be created nor destroyed. In the context of this
homemade AC, electrical energy is used to power the Peltier module, which
then transfers and redistributes heat energy to achieve cooling

Heat Transfer:
 The principles of heat transfer, including conduction, convection, and
radiations, are important in the operation of the homemade AC.

Newton’s Law of Cooling:

Newtons Law of Cooling describes how the rate of heat transfer is proportional
to the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings. In this
project, this law is applied to the rate at which the cool side of the Peltier
module absorbs heat from the environment.
 Limitations of This Project

While portable Homemade AC has many benefits, they come with certain
limitations. Here are some common limitations associated with portable homemade
AC units:

Cooling Capacity:
 Homemade Acs like this, based on thermoelectric cooling like Peltier
modules, generally have limited cooling capacity.

Environmental Impacts:
 The components used in this homemade AC may not be as environment
friendly as commercially available systems.

Noise Levels:
 The cooling components, such as fans and Peltier modules, can produce
noise. Homemade Acs like this may not incorporate advanced noise
reduction features found in commercial ones

Temperature Differentials:
 Achieving a significant temperature drop in the cooled space can be
challenging with homemade Acs.

Durability and Longevity:

 Homemade Acs like this lack the durability and longevity of commercial
units. The components used and the construction quality can impact the
system’s overall lifespan and reliability.
 2nd Project Name: DC
MOTOR
Introduction:
This project is a working model of a wind turbine which harness the power of the
wind to convert it into electrical energy. Harnessing the power of the wind has
been a historic journey evolving from windmills to modern wind turbine that
generate renewable energy. The primary objective is to explore and understand the
principles of physics involved.

Background:
Wind energy is a clean and sustainable resource that has gained significant
attention in the search for environmentally friendly power generation. Wind
turbines, characterized by their giant rotating blades at the top of the tower, have
become an important resource for renewable energy.

Objective:
The goal of our project is to understand and demonstrate the fundamental physics
behind the operation of a wind turbine. By constructing a working model, we aim
to showcase the conversion of wind energy into mechanical energy and into
electrical power.

Scope:
The project encompasses the design, the construction, and testing phase of a
miniature wind turbine. We will explore physics concepts such as aerodynamics
and the factor affecting the efficiency of a wind turbine.

Component Required:
 Propeller Fans

 DC motor

 LED Bulb

 Switch

 Battery

Components description and Purpose

Propeller fans: The primary purpose of propeller fans to simulate the

aerodynamics forces experienced by actual wind turbine blades. As the
propeller fans rotate, they demonstrate the conversion of a wind energy into
rotational energy.

DC Motor: The DC motors in this model of wind turbine simulates the

generator or alternator that converts mechanical energy from the rotating blades
into electrical energy.

LED Bulb: The LED bulb is to showcase the electrical energy generated
from the wind turbine by its rotating blades.
 Battery: A rechargeable battery is connected to the wind turbine model which
serves many purposes such as storing excess of energy, ensuring a continuous
power supply during periods of low wind, discharge of stored energy etc.

Physics Concepts and Laws Applied on

this Project

Aerodynamics:

 The study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects is called
Aerodynamics. The shape and design of the blades of wind turbine is based on
the principle of aerodynamics

Newton’s Law of Motion:

 The rotation of wind turbines blades is governed by the law of motion. The
wind imparts a force on the blades, causing them to rotate.

Torque and Rotational Dynamics:

 The wind exerts torque on the turbine blades, causing them to rotate around the
axis of the hub. The torque generated is transferred to the generator, converting
mechanical energy into electrical energy

Conservation of Energy:
 The wind turbine model demonstrate the conversion of kinetic energy from the
wind into mechanical energy and then into the electrical energy through the
generator.

Limitations of This Project

Simplified Aerodynamics:
 Working models often simplify aerodynamic principles for ease of
construction and understanding. Due to this they may not capture the
nuances of complex aerodynamics that real wind turbines experience.

Wind Variability:
 The models might not accurately represent the dynamics nature of wind
energy and the challenges faced by real wind turbines in adapting changing
wind conditions.

Mechanical Friction:
 Friction can affect the rotation of the blades and overall efficiency. In real
wind turbines, minimizing is important for optimal performance.

Electromagnetic Limitations:
 The electrical output of the model may not match the power levels generated
by the full-scale wind turbines. This limitation is due to the size and
capabilities of the component used.

Environmental Conditions:
  Factors like temperature, humidity, and altitude can influence the
performance of wind turbines but may not be accurately simulated in a
working model.

Simplified Electrical Systems:

 The model might not accurately represent the complexities of electrical
system in real wind turbine.

Projects image
Budget:
Air cooler:
 12V DC Fans x6 1000
 Peltier Thermoelectric x3 2500
 Heat Sink x6 400
 Temperature Meter 200

DC Motor
 Battery cell x2 50
 Fan 100
 Body 200
 6v Motor 150

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM