SPE BHOS Student Chapter
Engineering Academy 2020-2021
Drilling Engineering, Lesson 2
December 5, 2020
Orkhan Khankishiyev
Content
Rig Types
Rig Systems
1. Land Rigs
a) Conventional 1. Power system
b) Mobile 2. Hoisting system
2. Offshore Rigs 3. Circulating system
a) Barges 4. Rotary system
b) Submersibles 5. Well control system
c) Platforms
d) Jack-ups
e) Semisubmersibles
f) Drill ships
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Part 1 Rig Types
Land Rigs • Barges • Submersibles • Platforms • Jack-ups • Semisubmersibles • Drill ships
Conventional Land Rigs
• The first land rigs were permanent
wooden structures
• The most used in petroleum industry
• Cannot be transported as whole units
• Assembled at the location where the
drilling will take place
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Portable Land Rigs
• Drilling systems are mounted on
wheeled trucks
• Rigs could be moved from site to
site that is a major advantage
• To enhance rig mobility, the
original, bulky derrick was
replaced with masts
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Barges
• A barge rig is designed to work in
shallow water (less than 20 ft).
• The rig is floated to the drillsite
• Inland barge rigs are used to drill
wells in marshes, shallow inland
bays
• Also called swamp barge
• Can be anchored in the floating
mode or submerged to rest on
the bottom
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Submersibles
• Designed to work in deeper water
(less than 60 ft).
• The submersible drilling platform is
supported on large steel or
concrete structures.
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Fixed platforms
• Uses a steel tubular framework
anchored to the ocean bottom to
support the surface production
equipment, living quarters, and drilling
rig.
• Has facilities for well drilling to explore,
extract, store, and process petroleum
and natural gas
• Designed for water depths of up to
1700 ft
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Jack-ups
• Consists of a buoyant hull fitted with several movable legs,
• Legs can be jacked down to drill and jacked up to move to a new location.
• Not self-propelled and rely on tugs or heavy lift ships for transportation.
• Designed for water depths of up to 700 ft
• Mostly used in exploration drilling
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Semisubmersibles and Drill ships
Up to 3500 ft Up to 7500 ft
• They are held on location by anchors or dynamic positioning system.
• The drill string and riser are isolated from wave motion by motion compensators.
• The wellheads and BOPs are on the ocean bottom and are connected to the rig
by a riser to allow circulation of drilling mud.
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Part 2 Rig Systems
Power • Hoisting • Circulating • Rotary • Well control • Well Monitoring
Hoisting System
• The traveling block, crown block and
drilling line are used to connect the
derrick with the drill string to be
lowered into or pulled out of the hole.
• During drilling operations, this drill
string usually composed of the drill
pipe, heavy weight drill pipe, drilling jar,
drill collars and drill bit. The drilling line
passes from the drawworks to the top
of the derrick.
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Hoisting System
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Rotary System
Rigs can be equipped with Kelly system of top-drive system. Both systems are used
to rotate the drill string and the drill bit.
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Rotary Table (or Kelly) System
The hook is attached with the swivel
which does not rotate but supports the
Kelly. The drilling fluids are pumped into
the drill string through the gooseneck
connection above the swivel via the rotary
hose.
The Kelly is nearly 40 feet long, hexagonal
or square on the outside and hollow
inside to allow the passage for the drilling
fluids.
The rotary motion is transmitted from the
rotary table to the Kelly bushing by the
master bushing. Rollers within the Kelly
bushing permit the Kelly to move upwards
and downward.
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Top Drive System
• Rotating motion is accomplished by a drive motor attached to
the travelling block above all the drill string. An electric motor is
used to generate the rotary torque which is applied to the drill
string.
• The main advantage of the top drive system is that connections
must be screwed or unscrewed every 30m (90 ft)
• Drilling can be performed by stands rather than single joint of
drill pipe.
• The swivel and handling equipment are an integral piece of
equipment in the top drive which can make the circulation and
back reaming while pulling the pipe an easy task.
• Reduce drilling time which is the most important factor in
drilling programming and operations.
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Circulation System
During drilling operations, in order to circulate the
drilling fluids, the circulating system, mud pumps
and prime movers are used.
The drilling fluids are circulated from the mud
tanks, through the drillstring, down to the bit and
up to the surface through annulus.
The cuttings are displaced from the bottom, up to
the surface and separated from the drilling fluids
using the shale shakers and mud cleaner.
The recovered cuttings can be used by geologists
to identify which formation is being drilled.
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Power System
• The electrical power generators are
driven by diesel powered internal
combustion engines (prime movers).
• Electricity is supplied to electric motors
connected to the drawworks, rotary
table, mud pumps and anything else
that requires electricity.
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Well Control System
The BOP is an important piece of equipment in the rig. It is used as second barrier
against any loss of pressure control. It is fitted with:
• Annular preventor
• Rams
• Choke line
• Kill line
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Well Monitoring System
• The driller must be aware of
how drilling parameters are
changing (e.g. WOB, RPM,
pump rate, pump pressure,
gas content of mud etc.) in
order to drill safely and take
quick remedial action if any
problem detected.
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Questions?
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Thank you!
SPE BHOS Student Chapter
Engineering Academy 2020-2021