MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

THEPRAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY PAROLE ADMINISTRATION (PPA)

What is TC?
The Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people get help while helping others.
It is a treatment environment with the interaction of its members are design to be therapeutic within the
context of the norms that requires for each to play the dual role of client-therapist.
At a given moment, one may be in a client role when receiving help or support from others because of a
problem behavior or when experiencing distress. At another time, the same person assumes a therapist
role when assisting or supporting another person in trouble.
How does it look like?
The operation of the community itself is the task of the residents, working under staff supervision. Work
assignments, called “job functions” are arranged in a hierarchy, according to seniority, individual
progress and productivity. These include conducting all house services, such as cooking, cleaning,
kitchen service, minor repair, serving as apprentices and running all departments, conducting meeting
and peer encounter group.
The TC operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with a hierarchical structure of older and
younger members. Each members has a defined role and responsibilities for sustaining the proper
functioning of the TC. There are sets of rules and community norms that the members upon entry
commit to live by and uphold.
What are the Salient Features of TC?
1. The primary therapist and teacher is the community itself, consisting of peers and staff, who as
role models of successful personal change, serve as guide in the recovery process.
2. TC adheres to precepts of right living: Truth/honesty, here and now, personal responsibility for
destiny, social responsibility (brother keeper), Moral code: Inner person is good but behavior
can be bad, Change is the only certainty, Work ethics. Self reliance, Psychological
convergence with philosophical (eg. Guilt kill)
3. It believes that TC is a place where, one can change unfold, the group can foster change,
individuals must take responsibility, structures must accommodate this, Act as if-go through the
motion.
4. There are 5 distinct categories of activity that helps promote the change.
a. Relational/Behavior Management
b. Affective/Emotional/Psychological
c. Cognitive/ Intellectual
d. Spiritual
e. Psychomotor/ Vocational Survival Skills
THERAPUETIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE BJMP.
Phases of Treatment
TCMP in the BJMP set up is quite unique in the sense that inmates are in custody while undergoing
trial for their individual cases. Thier length of stay is determined by how fasr is the disposition of their
cases. The cases may be decided upon after a short period of time or may last for years. Though the
different phases of treatment observed, it cannot be fully implemented or may not be followed as
scheduled due to the uniqueness of status of the residents.
Phase I – Entry/Orientation Phase
Once an inmate is committed to jail , he undergoes a series of examination to determined his physical,
social and psychological status. Upon his commitment, a resident is placed on orientation in the
Reception and Diagnostic Room/ Orientation Room. In here, he acquainted with the TC program:
a. The Rules and norms of the community
b. TC concepts, written and un-written philosophy
c. The staff and the members of the community
d. The tools of the house
e. Job functions and TC hierarchy
He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him with support and will walk him
through the orientation phase. At this phase, the resident is handled gently and is expected to commit
mistakes in the process of learning the program. Sanctions on negative behavior are usually light with
emphasis on teaching.
Phase II – Primary Treatment
After proper orientation on the different TC concepts and tools, the norms and rules of the community
and the staff members, the residents is now ready to undergo the treatment proper. He becomes a part
of the community starting as a crew member of the housekeeping department until he gradually
ascends in the hierarchy. He must be knowledgeable on the following:
a. Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and shape behavior.
b. Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately.
c. Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
d. Maximize participation in the activities that are appropriate to the residents needs for growth.
e. Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the community and develop insight
in the process
f. Developing positive coping skills in the difficult life situation
g. Improve social skills and recognized the importance of other peoples helps in shaping behavior
Phase III – Pre-Re-entry
Under regular circumstances , the resident is expected at this stage to internalized the TC values and
concept to start life afresh. However, in the jail setting where entry and release are not within the jail
control, resident may not have reached this phase of treatment before they even leave the jail facility.
Regardless of the resident length of stay , he is expected to undergo this phase prior to release into
society. At this phase, the resident is expected to have proven his ability to take on more
responsibilities hence needs lesser supervision. He is considered a role model in the TC community.
He should focus on the following:
a. Rebuilding of social and family ties
b. Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership
c. Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society
d. Mapping out of plans
Phase IV – Re-Entry
In the ideal setting, a resident at this stage is now ready to be released bac to society as he has
demonstrated adequate self-control and discipline. The inmate is now preparing for his life outside of
jail and is focused on making himself a productive citizen. He may start planning for job haunting and
rebuilding family ties and relationship.
In the jail setting, the residents will stay inside the jail until their cases are resolved or they have been
convicted and need to be remanded to the BuCor. The residents must focused on the following:
a. Transition to life outside the jail
b. Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC
c. Learning positive coping skills to deal with day-to-day situation
d. Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support group
e. Reintegration into the mainstream of society
f. Developing realistic and attainable goals in life
Phase V – Aftercare
Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a week to an outreach center.
They are required to attend group sessions to ensure their adjustment to life outside jail to reduce
recidivism. For clients released from jail , they are referred to the Parole and Probation Administration
and Local Government Units for follow up and aftercare. The clients is focused on the following:
a. Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism
b. Strengthening coping mechanism
c. Maintaining relationship and support mechanism
d. Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood
e. Integration into society
Standard Parameters for Jail TCMP
A. Physical Environment
The internal and external environment is comfortable, clean and welcoming
TC philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly posted around the facility
Hierarchical structure and daily activities are displayed
There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for specific meetings that
requires privacy
A clean and well-maintained kitchen that complies with the sanitary standard of the
BJMP
Provision of recreation areas both indoors and outdoors
The dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs to accommodate the
inmates
Adequate sanitary toilets and bathrooms that provide privacy to users
Adequate space for sleeping and habitation that respects individual personal space.
B. TCMP Staff
The staff has undergone proper training on TCMP
Presence of a permanent TCMP staff to supervise the program and conduct the
various activities
 The TCMP staff will not be transferred to other jail until properly covered by another TC
trained staff
There is a proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff on a daily basis
TCMP staff can be utilized to handle other tasks but puts priority on TCMP
Regular meetings are held by staff to discuss progress, issues and concerns about the
programs
All the jail staff are involved in the TCMP and are contributing members
The staff works as a team in delivering services to inmates
The staff serves as role models and treat inmates with respect and dignity
Incentives are given to TCMP staff in terms of awards and commendations
C. The therapeutic Environment- The Inmates Residents
The residents treat each other with respect at all times regardless of age, religion,
cultural diversity etc.,
The residents practice a culture of honesty and openness in discussing thoughts and
feelings, providing and receiving feedbacks
Confidentiality is respected and practiced
The residents are involved in decision making and activities in the TCMP
The participants in the TCMP are change agents among peers
The residents comply with the cardinal and as ‘watchdogs” for their peers with erring
members
Absence or minimal incidence of jail violence/disturbance
The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command
THERAPUETIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM BY THE BUREUA OF CORRECTION
The Therapeutic Community Program represents an effective, highly structured environment with
defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The primary goal is to foster personal growth. This is
accomplished by re-shaping an individual’s behavior and attitudes through the inmates community
working together to help families and friends as productive members of the community.
Behavioral Management
The Behavioral Management is a component of TCMP that introduces the concept and mechanics of
various shaping tools to include Morning Meetings in order to facilitate the management of and to
shape the behavior of the residents. This shows the essential elements and significance of the tools
which would provide the community common language, increase cohesiveness and adapt to the moral
and behavioral code of the tools application. The behavior shaping tools are ordered in hierarchy to
provide personal growth and learning. The community serves as a dynamic force that motivates the
individual to achieve positive behavior change.
Pre Morning Meeting
Pre Morning Meeting is done in the morning prior to Morning Meeting. Senior members of the
community will meet for about fifteen (15) minutes to discuss the attitude of the house the previous day.
It is also where the senior members formulate solution to the concerns discussed and to be executed
during the day. The attendees will also discuss the activities to be engage in the Morning Meeting and
make sure that all participants are ready with their corresponding parts and determined the amount of
time to be allotted for each part. The group will agree on the theme or concept of the day. This is to
make sure that everything is ironed out prior to the conduct of the Morning Meeting such as validation
of pull-ups and other concerns.
Morning Meeting
Morning Meeting us a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility. It is attended by the whole
community and last for an hour. It commences with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the National
Anthem and the recitation of the TC Philosophy. It is usually facilitated by any member of the
community. It is divided into two (2) parts namely:
a. Public announcements and community concerns
b. Community-spirit building or up rituals
Parts of the Morning Meeting
I. Community Announcement/Concerns
a. Opening Prayer
b. Singing of the National Anthem
c. TC Philosophy
d. Announcements
e. Community concerns
f. Concept of the day
g. Verse of the day
II. Up –Rituals
a. News casting
b. Entertainment
c. Community singing
d. Greetings
HIERARCHY OF SHAPING TOOLS
Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthened the learning process and the practice of
more adaptive behavior within the social learning environment. The major tools of the BST, such as
Talk to, Pull-up, dealt with, Haircut, earning experience, General meeting and expulsion were
developed as a means to correct behavior of the residents that violated the TC norms. The hierarchy of
behavior shaping tools will serve as a guideto determine which of the tools are appropriate to be used
based on the severity of the infraction or violations committed by the residents against the TC Rules.
Talk to
A Talk to is an outright correction done by any member of TC community to another member who has
done a minor infraction but is not aware of it. It is a friendly reminder/advice about an unacceptable
behavior and must be done privately.
During Talk to, the resident is made aware of his/her nrgative behavior and the results it may have on
others and the environment. The feedback given to the residents who committed mistakes is done in a
positive way. This is to evoke awareness on the part of the violator to avoid committing the same
mistake and be given heavier sanctions if done in the future.
Pull up
A Pull up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in awareness in a residents. All members of the
community are responsible to pull-up minor infractions done by peers. It encourages honesty,
demeanor awareness and owning up to one’s mistakes. This is done when the violator is unknown and
be validated first prior to bringing up in the Morning Meeting.
Pull-ups create a certain degree of dissonance on the guilty party whereby there is a strong internal
conflict whether to practice honesty or continue to live in a lie. When the residents is able to overcome
the impulse to lie and start practicing honesty, his commitment to live by the TC standards increases.
The residents recieveing the pull-up is expected to listen without saying a word , assume that it is valid,
quickly display the corrected behavior and express gratitude in receiving it. After one member did the
pull-up, other residents who wants to show concern can make elaborations to give emphasis to the
infractions and concretize the admonitions that need to be relayed to the violator.
Dealt With
Dealt With is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the house rules/norms are for the second
time of same offense by a resident.
A panel of three composed of, senior resident, peer and a friend are task to deliver a serious or stern
reprimand to the subjected resident.
Although the tool does not strictly require the presence of staff, to attain its purpose, the staff should
monitor its conduct to ensure that the panel assigned to the task really acted appropriately. It is done
privately in a room or an area with no other else hearing the conversation.
Haircut
Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the house rules/norms in same offense are
done for the third time or more or for first time grave offences. It is carefully planned and structured
verbal reprimand given by the staff with four other residents, Senior residents, Big brother, Peer and
Department head. The tone is a more serious and can be loud, harsher and exaggerated.
This is done to induce anxiety and eventually change the person’s behavior. Before the group calls in
the person, they will discuss among themselves the order of speakers, how intense the haircut will be
and what sanctions will be given if any. The resident is then called inside and wait until he ask to sit.
Learning Experience
A LE is an action or activity given to a resident who was subjected to haircut or General Meeting who
did an infraction to correct or modify a behavior. LE may be task-oriented, written task or peer
interactions. Since TCMP is educational rather than punitive in its approach to behavioral change, the
LE should be done in a way that would remind the person with the negative attitudes he has done
without compromising his human dignity. The intent of the LE is not to stigmatize the person but to
motivate him to make restitutions for the wrong doings he committed and redeem himself in the
community.
The LE should be related to the infraction committed for him to focus o the behavior expected of him in
the community. It should not be given as punishment but rather a motivation to develop more positive
attitude. This will develop a sense of responsibility on him while stressing his inadequacies. LE should
be realistic and humane.
Example of LE
 If a resident has been missing out in his responsibilities in the kitchen, he can be assigned as in
charge of cleaning the kitchen for a specific period of time.
If the resident is repeatedly leaves his bed in disarray, he can be asked to provide orientation
and supervision to new resident on how to keep their beds neat at all times.
Categories of LE
a. Tasked-Oriented LE
Pots and pans
Grounds and landscaping
Cleaning and maintenance
Time keeping
b. Written Tasked
Composition or essay
Reproduction of TCMP materials
c. Peer Interactions
Reading and reporting of topic
Announcements
Bans
Bans – are sanctions to a member who commit repeatedly infractions or violation to the cardinal rules
by prohibiting, disallowing or limiting an activity or affiliation to a group.
GENERAL MEETING - A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules necessitates a General Meeting. Such
issue should be discussed with the community to point out to the violator the negative effect the
behavior had on the community. Such offense includes sexual acting-out with a fellow resident, taking
drugs and engaging in physical fight with another resident. Other facilities include stealing or even
smoking as part of the Cardinal Rules, These behaviors pose a threat to the community because they
violate the established order and safety or the facility.
Procedure in a General Meeting:
1. A General Meeting is called and led by a senior member of the staff, usually the Director of the
facility. The extent of the problem is assessed to determine who among the community
members are involved in the incident. Those guilty of the offense are asked to sit in a prospect
chair. This is to arouse anklet and dissonance.
2. The Director sets the tone of the meeting and leads the community in an open expression of
opinions and feelings regarding the offense brought out into the community. He holds the cos
the hits countable for the slip of is members as each is considered his "brother's keeper”. The
Director opens the floor for feedbacks, inviting the community for self-reflection and
accountability.
3. As soon as the mood is set and the level of awareness of the community is raised, the leader
calls for the violators to face the entire community. The leader encourages the community to
express their feelings about the offense committed by the violators.
4. After some members of the community have expressed their feelings, it is time for the violators
to account for what they did, share their deepest feelings and verbalize what they learned from
the mistake.
5. After the violators made their statements and offer commitments, the Director will mark the
closure of the issue and allow for processing of the events that transpired and provide
 appropriate emotional support to the violators who have just been subjected to intense
emotional experience. Sanction will then be given to the violators.
EXPULSION In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat to the
community (Instigator, initiator of jail disturbances), the Director with the recommendation of the
Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her to the nearest tail facility with an appropriate Court Order.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
INTRODUCTION
Residents who are detained are basically psychologically and emotionally challenged. They share
one thing in common, that is being incarcerated with uncertainties as to the outcome of their
Individual cases. They feel isolated, helpless and at times hopeless brought about by separation
from their loved ones and society in general and al their loved ones and society in general and all
other issues that confront them while incarcerated. Such emotional turmoil needs to be addressed
to help them bounce back and experience a life of normalcy despite their unique situation. The
TCMP provides activities and services that cater to this particular need. This topic tackles the
discussion on the therapeutic value of processing of feelings which does not only lie on how freely
one expresses them but more so on the person's ability to identify, acknowledge, and express them
appropriately.
COUNSELING
Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities
enhance or restore their capacity for psychological, emotional and social functioning and creating
an environment favorable for the attainment of these goals,
Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of Counseling:
Empathy is the ability to perceive the clients$ feelings and to demonstrate accurate perception of
the client. It is merely "putting oneself on the client's shoes". When the client feels understood, a
sense of trust or rapport developed. Rapport paves the way to a more meaningful communication
and may enable the client to understand and accept more of his or her complexity of feelings.
Warmth is also called “unconditional positive regard” It involves accepting and caring about the
client as a person, regardless of any evacuation or prejudices on the clients behavior or thoughts. It
is most often conveyed rough our non-verbal behavior or bodily gestures.
Respect – is our belief to the clients ability to make appropriate decisions and deal appropriately
with his life situation, when given a safe a supportive environment in which to do so. It is often
showed best by not offering advice or cheap comfort. The counselor and shows giving him utmost
respect to the client by listening in silence and giving him opportunity to design his own solutions to
the problem. Similar term for this is empowerment , as the counselor likewise demonstrates that the
values the integrity of the client.
Congruence or genuiness is being honest and authentic in dealing with the client. It is showing real
concern. rather than focusing on the techniques during sessions. It is also being aware of the
counselors own unmet needs and how it may affect his relationship with his client.
Confidentiality means that anything discussed during counseling sessions is held absolutely private
and not be discussed anywhere. This contract should be held sacred so as to maintain the clients
 trust and enable Him to disclose sensitive matters to the counselor without fear of any breach of
confidentiality.
Pattern of Counseling Session:
1. Introduction: First 10 minutes
 Greet the client warmly
 Smile and shake hands
 Escort to the counseling room
 Explain how the session is going to be to alleviate fears.
 This is the time to develop rapport.
 Assure client on confidentiality.
2. Information gathering: About 20 minutes
 Know the reason for consultation.
 Client can start anywhere.
 Counselor may take notes.
 Client needs to do almost all of the talking.
 Counselor may ask open questions or use techniques like clarifying, rephrasing,
focusing, reflecting, reality, testing, etc.
3. Discussion/ Counselor Input:
 Counselor tells the client what he thinks the client is saying.
 Counselor develops a list of concerns.
 Client would concur or not to the counselor's understanding.
 Prioritize problems and which one to work on first.
 Client will provide plans of action to work on specific problem.
 Counselor will assist in mapping out plans.
4. Conclusion:
 Motivate the client that "he can do it". If not, he may need to be referred to a
Professional.
 Brief client on what to expect the next session (progress based on plan of action).
 End session on a positive note.
 Client should be able to list down things that he has to look forward to over the next
few days. If not, this is a red flag for suicide
When to break Confidentiality?
1. Children are being neglected or abused
2. Appearance in court as a witness.
3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide
4. Client expressed plan to harm others.
INITIAL INTERVIEW / INTAKE INTERVIEW TCMP participants in jail are unique as they are not
necessarily drug users. TOMP is introduced as a program for the development of inmates while they
are awaiting trial. The intake interview in the jail setting is done by a Counselor to newly admitted
residents. The main purpose is to elicit information about the resident and provide information about the
program and what the expectations are on both parties. Full and honest disclosure is expected on the
resident to elicit adequate and elaborate information and come up with the proper treatment plan.
Participants: Newly committed residents,
Counselor Duration: 1 hour
Procedure:
1. After the booking procedure, the Counselor/IWDO will conduct the intial intake interview to the
newly committed residents using the intake interview form. This is done only in a designated
area and one resident at a time.
ONE TO ONE COUNSELLING/INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
Duration and Frequency: One to two hours per session/depending upon the needs as designed by the
counselor.
Participants: Counselor and Resident
Procedure:
1. Individual counseling is a helping tool between the residents and counselor. Residents are
usually referred to the counselor as needed by peers or staff based on the residents' behavior.
2. The counselor uses different techniques and methods in counseling.
3. The resident discusses different issues which causes his/ her difficulties.
4. Follow-up sessions will be done depending upon the needs resident.
5. The length of the sessions will be determined by the progress of the resident.
GROUP COUNSELING STATIC GROUPS
The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet regularly while the residents are
in treatment. It is a sort of "home" group who provides support for one another and the new member
community. This is designed to provide a forum for self-expression and disclosure. It usually facilitated
by senior members of the group. It focuses on group relationship and patterns of behavior.
Duration/ Frequency: one hour/once a week
participants: 10-15 residents, Counselor
Procedure: group that addresses the general issues in treatment.
1. Once a resident enters the jail, he/she is assigned to a particular Static group. It serves as a
permanent
2. It utilizes confrontation from peers to evoke changes in behavior though the group is primarily
supportive. The group provides immediate support to new members of the community
3. Each resident member is encouraged in expressing and disclosing personal issues and
concerns and receives feedbacks from the other members. Violence and threat of violence are
prohibited. flow of discussion.
4. For each session the group may discuss any topic of desire or may follow certain themes for a
more systematic
5. By using confrontation, identification, support, affirmation and giving feedback, residents learn
and practice the TC norms and values.
6. The residents are oriented to new and positive coping styles which they can utilize to live a new
lifestyle and attain personal growth and better relationships.
 7. When their emotional needs and problems are properly addressed, their postive behaviors and
attitudes emerge and they will eventually feel better about themselves.
8. Focuses on the issues of the "here and now. Personal disclosure of the past is allowed if it
affects the present. Confidentiality is strictly observed.
9. The static group does away with negative socialization and employs positive re-socialization
through a caring relationship with peers.
PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP
The group participants in Peer Confrontation group are selected by the staff and group according to
peers like adult members will go with the same date of entry in the facility and same goes with the
middle and young members.
It is done in a more compassionate way where each resident tries to help one another. Participants
confront each other on what they do for themselves while in the facility and ask how they are coping
with it.
Duration/ frequency: one hour/ twice a month
Participants: 10-15 residents, Coordinator
Procedure:
1. Participants will sit in a circle position.
2. Staff may sit just outside the circle or there may be no staff.
3. There is no particular order of speaking. It is conventional and free – wheeling
4. Participants may start with a prayer.
5. Participants may then say "What do you say about me? Or Please give me a feedback on my
progress here "or how do you see me?
6. Any of the other participants may give an honest, straight come forward feedback. Tone and
feeling should be proportionate to the issue.
7. Peer confrontation is done in a compassionate way where each resident ty to help one another
and identity certain issues which could be a hindrance to his recovery.
8. At the end af the sharing, the resident is asked a commitment about issue that he feels
uncomfortable dealing.
SECRETS Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to unload emotional
baggage and thus experience freedom from internal psychological conflicts. It promotes trust among
the participants knowing that each will reveal his utmost secrets to the group. It also aims to deepen
mutual respect among the participants,
Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month
Participants: Staff, 10-12 residents
Procedure:
1. Form a group of 10-12 residents, preferably of variedly different persons.
2. Each one is instructed to go to a place where they can be alone and free from distractions.
3. In a piece of paper, the resident will write a letter to himself about an event in his life which he
has been keeping as a deep secret because it has caused a lot of pain, guilt, share or
anxiety. ,. The letter is written as If he is addressing it to somebody and could start as "Dear
 friend": He should not State his name of any name and place which could lead the group as to
the writer. He may write it in a way that would not give away any hint. This is done for 30
minutes.
4. The group then converges and al the rolled letters will be placed in a bag. The residents will be
seated in a Circle. The first one will be asked to pick up a letter and read it aloud to everyone
as if he is reading his ow letter. The rest will provide advice, moral support, motivation or
encouragement to the reader. No criticisms or negative comments are encouraged.
5. The facilitator admonishes the participants to refrain from curiously trying to find out the owner
of the letters. Everyone is likewise admonishes to keep the discussions strictly confidential.
6. After all the letter were read, the facilitator will do a brief processing focusing on the feelings of
the Participants and how it affected each one of them. The group may choose to pray as a she
closing trial ritual
7. Before the group adjourns, the facilitators collect the letters and burn the in a clay bag or
garbage bin as symbolic ritual of letting go of all the hurts and pains and not allowing then to
hinder their future growth.
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
Encounter Group serves as a "safety valve" within the community which is usually high pressured and
structured. It is a forum for members of the community to verbally express pent-up or negative emotion
within a structured and safe environment without resorting to violence or aggression and without fear or
reprisal. There are strict behavioral norms and rules observed during an encounter group such as no
Violence or threat of violence, no attack on personal dignity, speak only for oneself and remain seated
at all times. The language used in expressing their feelings is seldom restricted though in the Filipino
culture, use of foul language is voided to prevent harboring of negative feelings from the receiver. The
primary goal of an encounter group is to raise awareness of behaviors and explore the underlying
feelings that led to such negative emotions.
Duration/ frequency: 1- 1 1/2 hours/ once or twice a week
Participants: Counselor, 2 co-facilitators, 8-10 residents
Procedure:
1. A resident may drop a slip on another resident stating his name, the name of the person he is
dropping a so and the reason for dropping the slip. Only feelings of hurt, anger and concern
can be reasons for encounter.
2. The staff will choose his co-facilitators who are also staff members. Once he has gathered 2 or
3 slips, he may schedule an encounter group.
3. The facilitator will arrange the group in a circle in such a way that the two parties involved are
seated opposite each other. The facilitator should be able to guide the flow of conversation and
should be skilled enough to interrupt anytime he feels that the safety of the group is being
compromised.
4. The flow of the encounter should pass through the four (4) phases:
a. Confrontation: This phase involves verbalization of concerns or honest disclosure of
emotions that has been provoked during interpersonal interactions with another resident.
Regardless of the cathartic nature of expression, the rules of the encounter group should
always be respected. The focus should always be about how one feels because of the
behavior of the other. There should never be any attack on one's persona but rather on
 his/her behavior. Each should be allowed to express himself before a rebuttal is allowed.
Name-calling and other hostile languages may not resolve the problem and may even
heighten the animosity between both parties. This phase consists mainly of exchange of
verbal expressions of emotions as a way of release.
b. Exploration: In this phase, all the feelings that were expressed are further examined and
explored and find out how it could have resulted in such way in order to evoke awareness
on the connection of behavior, feelings and attitude. In this phase, blaming or finger
pointing at one party is avoided. It will only cause resentment form one party. This phase
hopes to enhance the insight of both parties and encourage ownership of one's mistake
and take accountability for his/her actions. It gives both parties the opportunity to examine
themselves in relation to their conflict with the other party.
c. Resolution and commitment: After Some realizations and attaining some insights into their
behaviors, the residents are now ready to move to the last phase to practice new
behaviors. From the feedbacks received, the resident involved will now express how he
feels about the whole thing and may own up his behavior which has caused the conflict. He
then goes onto make commitments to avoid such occurrence in the future. Such
commitment made by the residents will be monitored to make sure that they are being put
to practice to avoid lapses.
d. Socialization: This is a structured social event where all those involved in an encounter will
have ample time to mend fences with those they have offended or hurt in the past. The
purpose is to achieve closure, reaffirm relationship and maintain the unity of the community
so that all those involved can move on and leave the past behind.
EXTENDED GROUP The Extended Group (Probe, Marathon) are usually composed of 5-12 residents
and is being facilitated by 2 highly trained staff members. It may last for 8-72 hours. The participants
must have at least 4, months in the programs and have shown adequate stability before he can be
included in the activity. It is a potentially intimate and intense session which needs a significant amount
of preparation. It focuses on the "here and now" but allows a deeper exploration of Issues that affects
new behavior. Special subject's ma y be the focus such as sexuality, trauma, etc.
SPECIALIZED GROUPS LOSS AND BEREAVEMENT Duration/frequency: one hour once a week
Participants: 10-15 residents
Procedure:
1. Facilitator is knowledgeable in conducting the sessions and managing the time.
2. The group is very supportive and compassionate.
3. Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of losses, mad feeling attitudes and
behavior derived from the loss of a loved one.
4. Counselor gives some suggestions on how they would handle the situation appropriately when
there was another similar situation.
5. At the last sessions, each participant was required to write a letter to someone or a buddy to
tell about the Past and what they will do in the future regarding losses.
WOMEN'S GROUP
Participants: 8-15 residents, Counselor
Duration/ frequency: once a week/ might last for six sessions
 1. Held once a week and run by TC personnel. It provides an opportunity for all female residents
to share and discuss their feelings on womens issues: family, relationship, self-identity, self-
image, societal role and reproductive issues.
2. Issues be tackled are gender specific problems and aims to help female residents identify their
challenges and needs.
3. Residents are helped to explore and understand the relationship between womens issues and
their influences on them . it enhances self-understanding among women.
4. They can also help each other through mutual support and concern.
MEN'S GROUP
Duration/ frequency: 1 hour once a week
Participants: 8-15 residents, counselor
Procedure:
1. Topics include expression of feeling, reveal of true self, dealing with feeling and how to avoid
abusive relationship, family conflicts, sexuality and sexual relationships. Learned from those
experiences.
2. Group sessions enabled each of them to identify, express the feeling related to the trauma and
lessons
3. The counselor who raised the issue will be the one to conduct it.
MEDICATION SUPPORT GROUP
Duration/ frequency: as long as the residents are on medication
Participants: Residents on medications and Jail health personnel
Procedure:
1. Counselor holds the group once a week who are on medical and psychiatric medication.
2. Group members are educated on different kinds of medical and psychiatric problems and its
effects.
3. Sharing on the intake of medicines and its side effects of taking it.
4. Cohesiveness is enhanced.
5. Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the disease and problems
encountered while they are on medications.
ANGER MANAGEMENT
Duration/ frequency: 1 1/2 hours for 6 weeks/as needed/curriculum based
Participants: 10-15 residents
Procedure:
1. Facilitated by a counselor.
2. Questionnaires are provided to the residents to answer how they demonstrated their anger
before they came for treatment and while in the facility and how they go through it.
3. Participants are selected based on interview and attitude showed while in treatment.
 4. The group is an avenue for the residents to know their anger feelings and acquire new
knowledge and information on how to deal with their feelings on different situation and
personalities.
PRE-RELEASE INTERVIEW
Participants: Resident/s to be released from jail, IWDO, Admin and OD
Duration: 1 hour
Procedure:
1. IWDO should coordinate with the Paralegal Officer to monitor the status of the case of the
residents.
2. If possible, Immediate member of the family is/are present ajo before the residents wilbe
released from jall.
3. Do a pre-release interview to conduct an assessment of the resident's potentials and map out
plans after his release from fail.
4. IWD should coordinate with service providers for his/her referral for aftercare.

INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION
Can spirituality and intellect go together? Is spirituality and intelligence at odds with each other?
Intelligence and spirituality ultimately follow the same path. By embracing intellect to its fullest extent,
one will eventually arrive at a sense of spirituality. Our actions are governed by intelligence; we achieve
the best results when we make the most intelligent decisions. But if we go home, meditate, and begin
asking questions like, "What Is the purpose of my life?" we have to load up a different set of rules. Now
we’ve Supposedly left the territory of the intellect and entered the spiritual realm. We try to interact
intelligently with our outer world and spiritually with our inner world.
Spirituality in TC
Spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in a man. Spirituality in
TOMP Is designed to respond to the inner longing of residents to find greater fall where they can
anchor themselves within their struggle to find meaning to their existent her.
It summarizes a man's relationship with himself, others and the Supreme Being. The spiritual
component provides the restarts with activities that would help them explore the meaning and purpose
of their existence and their particular place in the world.
Intellectual Component
The intellectual component on the other hand responds to the natural human characteristics of yearning
for knowledge in order to attain a higher level of understanding.
A well-structured and well-implemented Intellectual Component is a factor in establishing a Therapeutic
community for the residents. It helps the residents restore their self-esteem as their minds become
open to ideas and their intellect does not cease to feed on a free and open interchange of opinions.
Providing worthwhile opportunities for learning/ education will facilitate regaining their - that human
being quality law-abiding and self-respect thereby making self-realization - that being law-abiding and
productive, both during their stay in the facility and their eventual release in the society mainstream and
real essence and measure of development.
Procedure:
1. Select a topic related to expertise of the speaker/lecturer beneficial to the residents.
2. Schedule the activity.
3. Preparation Phase
4. Seminar Proper
THE TC PHILOSOPHY
The TC Philosophy is recited daily during the Morning Meeting. It embodies all the challenges and
aspirations of most residents who feel alienated and the desire to overcome the imposed limitations on
their freedom and find their own place where they could feel safe and welcome. It acknowledges the
importance of fellowship in shaping one's behavior and motivating one's fortitude of helping himself and
others. It likewise serves as his anchor in times of emotional turmoil which he can always go back to
and reflect. It forms emotional binding among the participants knowing that they are grounded on the
same philosophy.
1. Surrender
"I am here because there is no refuge, finally from myself"
I am where I am right now because I admit that something went wrong with my life that I have
no control over. I admit that I need the help of a Higher Power and of others to bring positive
change in my life.
2. Self-disclosure
"Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others. I am running. Until I suffer them to
share my secrets, I have no safety from them. Afraid to be known, I can neither know myself or
any other: I will be alone."
I now know that unless I come out in the open and admit my mistakes, I will forever be running
from them. I need to disclose my deepest secrets to my peers so that I can find the right ways
of dealing with them. By opening myself up for others to see through me, I will be free from my
own demons and let others guide and help me though my ordeals. Nobody can help me unless
I let them know my woes and let them understand that like them, I also need help.
3. Reflection
"Where else but in our common grounds can I find such a mirror?"
There is no better place to disclose my feelings than in a place full of people with similar
experiences where I feel safe and free from prejudices, People are here for different reasons
but with a common problem. It is easy to identify with somebody who is going through the same
experience as me.
4. Self-realization
"Here together I can appear clearly to myself, not as the giant of my dreams not the dwarf of
my fears, but as a person, part of the whole with my share in its purpose”
When I start to understand myself better, I began to realize how all my negative behaviors
came to be. It is easier to deal with something when we understand its roots. I will learn not to
look at myself as too big or too small to handle all my worries. I will learn that I will deal with
 them as a person among others who are united together to help each other by relating our
similar attitudes and behaviors.
5. Growth
"In this ground. I can take root and grow"
I realize that this environment can help me overcome my mistakes and start a new life. I can
anchor myself in this community to foster permanent change.
6. Self-worth
"Not alone anymore as in death, but a live to myself and to other"
I begin to believe in my ability to overcome all my challenges and give out all my best for myself
and others. I also believe in my ability to be of help to others who are in similar situation.
TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES
The unwritten philosophy of TC consists of slogans or aphorisms that are verbally given to the residents
to impart the beliefs and values of TC in relation to their day to day living. These sayings are used to
remind the residents as to what are considered important to them.
1. "Honesty"
A lot of residents continue to live in a lie without the fear of its consequences. This virtue
points out the importance of truth and its relevance to recovery
2. "Responsible love and concern"
The residents will learn how to give and accept criticisms without resentment. Bonded by trust
and confidence, the residents know that mistakes need to be corrected if the aim is to bring the
other towards behavior, change.
3. "To be aware is to be alive"
Residents learn to be conscious of what is going on in the environment. In TC, minor attitudes
are engrossed to prevent major attitudinal problems to arise.
4. "Trust in your environment"
There will be no change if there is no honesty and disclosure. Before doing so, trust must be
established. One should believe that the program can help [Link] doing so, he will learn to
accept the program and use its tools to evoke changes in himself.
5. "Be careful what you ask for, you might just get it"
Man by nature is ambitious. We never get contented with what we have. We want more, even if
having so would lead us to commit mistakes. We should learn to appreciate what we have and
use it to better ourselves.
6. "No free lunch"
In reality, nothing really comes easy. If we aim for something, we have to work for it. There is
no pride in getting something the easy way. It is hard to let go of something that we labored for.
Change will not come if we will just wait for it to happen. We have to make it happen.
7. "You can't keep it unless you give it away"
Knowledge or learning is better appreciated if shared with others. Something becomes
valuable if used to help others make positive changes in their lives. Helping others help us in
the process as we start to feel good about ourselves.
8. "What goes around comes around"
"Whatever you do unto others will be done unto you". Any good deed will be rewarded while
evil deeds will be punished in the end. We should always be mindful of our actions as they are
the parameters of how we will be judged in the end.
9. "Act as if"
 Learning and accepting the TC program is not easy. Most residents feel resistant towards it.
This philosophy teaches the residents to go with the flow as a way of compliance. In the
process, they will learn to embrace it and the behavior will soon become natural.
10. "Understand rather than be understood"
It is sometimes common for us to be selfish. We find it hard to admit our mistakes hence we
tend to blame everybody but ourselves. We expect everyone around us to understand our
wrongdoings but we seldom make an effort to understand others. Understanding others is a
virtue because it speaks of humility and patience. If we take the first step to know where others
are coming from, there would be lesser conflicts in relationships.
11. "Personal growth before vested status"
Sometimes, we become so wrapped up In our own status or positions in life that we tend to
forget to develop relationships with the people around us. We should cultivate our personal
abilities before we scale the ladder to success.
12. "Compensation is valid"
A reward for working hard is well deserved. We get what we put into.
13. "Forgiveness"
To accept what has been done, move on and get over the hurt and anger gives us a feeling of
inner peace and happiness. Failure to get over the pains will pin us down and stunt our
progress.
14. "Humility"
To humble one' self before others is a laudable virtue. We are often enveloped by pride that it
is difficult for us to lower ourselves and admit our inadequacies and limitations. By doing so, we
develop a fair insight about ourselves thus giving us the challenge to improve ourselves.
15. "You alone can do it, but you can't do it alone"
Oftentimes, we feel invincible and indispensable knowing that certain tasks can only be
accomplished by us. We don't realize that we have certain limitations that without the help of
others, the burden will be too great for us. We should learn to reach out for help and admit our
weaknesses.
16. "Pride in quality"
Time flies so fast that we tend to hurry in everything we do. We lose our focus and do things
haphazardly just for the sake of completion. We should always seek for quality in our work. The
product of our labor speaks of our attitude towards life in general.
17. "Feelings don't think"
We usually react impulsively to things around us because of our feelings. Before we can even
think, an action has already been done. Everything starts in the mind. If we think before we act,
chances are, we will behave with contempt as we have analyzed the process before the action.
18. "Guilt kills"
One of the underlying reasons for depression is guilt. It is the feeling of shame and self-blame.
If guilt remains unresolved, it can be turned inwards, thus resulting to self-inflicted harm.
19. "Hang tough"
Sometimes, we feel that there is no end to our miseries and we feel helpless and hopeless. No
matter how dim life seems to be, there is always hope. In every problem is a solution. Every
problem is a learning experience that would make us tougher in dealing with life's challenges.
20. "You are your brother's keeper"
 In TC, each one is responsible for the other members of the community. The failure of one is
the failure of all. This gives all the residents a sense of responsibility in shepherding others.
The success of the program is a reflection of how one cares for the other.
THEME/ CONCEPT OF THE DAY
It refers to a word or saying that will serve as a guide for the community to ponder upon in relation to
their day-to-day interactions and behaviors. It is elaborated during the Morning Meeting by some
members of the community to emphasize its relevance and how it can stimulate the residents' thoughts
and help them change their behavior into something positive. It can also be taken from the Unwritten
Philosophies.
MEDITATION: DISCOVERING YOUR INNER SANCTUARY
The visualization meditation is used to help an individual establish a practice of moving his attention
within, finding his place of relaxation and peace by contacting his inner wisdom. This experience is
unique for everyone so much so that one's experience may be different from the others. Some may
experience visual imagery while the others may not. What is important is to do it the most easy and
natural way in order to attain the goal and have the opportunity to relax and enjoy the process. After the
activity, ask the participants how they feel and what have they learned from the experience
Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month
Participants: Residents, Facilitator
Procedure: A facilitator is present to give the instruction to the participants. Soft background or
meditation music can be used.
The instruction goes this way:
"Ang ehersisyong ito ay magsisimula sa pamamagitan ng paghahanap ng posisyon na komportable sa
iyo. Pwedeng nakaupo o nakahiga. Kapag nakaupo, siguraduhing nakalapat ang likod sa upuan,
nakalapat ang dalawang paa sa sahig at ang mga kamay at braso ay naka-relaks. Kung nakahiga,
humiga ng ang likoday nakalapat sa sahig at ang katawan ay naka-relaks." "Kapg ikaw ay komportable
na, pikit ang mga mata at damhin ang nararamdaman ng katawan. Kapag nakaramdam na tensivon,
huminga ng malalim at siping dahan-dahang nawawala ang tensiyon ng katawan at ite ay tuluyang
nagiging relaks." "Una ay isipin ang mga dalici ng paa at mga paa. Isipin na ang mga ito ay dahan-
dahang nagging relaks" "Susunad ay ang lyong mga binth at tuhod, Dahan-dahang lagay ang mga ito
sa posisiyong nakapahinga"., *Dumako naman sa balakang at [Link] aa ang moa parting ito ng
katakan ay tuluvang nagiging relaks,. Huminga ng malalaim para tuluyang ma relaks ang mababang
bahaging kataivan; "Dumako naman sa tivan at mga bahagi sa loob nito. Isiping ang mga ito ay dahan-
dahang lumalambot at nagpapahinga." "Isipin ang mga parte ng dibdib ,likod, balikat, braso, kamay at
mgadalitillagay ang mga ito sa posisyong nakapahinga." "Dumako naman sa leeg, ulo, mata, talukap,
tenga at panga, l-relaks ang mga ito. Huminga nig malalim at dahan-dahang ilabas ang hangin kasama
ng paglabas ng lahat ng tensivon sa mga parting ito. Damhin ang enerhiyang pumapasok sa katawan
at naglalabas no lahat ng natitirang tension." "Habang humihinga ng malalim, 1-relaks ang isip na para
bang ito ay bahagi ng katawan. Iwaks ang anumang isipin hanggang sa ang itong utal at isip ay
nagging tahimik at waling bumabagabag." "Habang humihinga ng malalim, dalhin ang kamulatan sa
isang napakalalim na lugar sa sarill" "sipin na lakwa ay naglalakad sa Isang napakagandang
kapaligiran. Maaring ito ay nakikita sa iyong isip o pwedeng magkunwari na ikaw ay nasa isang lugar
na katulad nito. Habanag naglalakad sa kapaligiran, nakikita moa ng kagandahan nito ay
nararamdaman mon a lalong nagging relaks ang pakiramdam. "Isipin na ang napakagandang lugar na
ito ay long nakikitaat [Link]-espesyal ng lugar na ito para sa lyo. Maaaring ito ay may
mga puno, naggagandahang bulaklak, ilog, dagat at bukid. Ang napakaganda "Damhin mo ang simoy
ng hangin sa iyong "inner sanctuary" Nararamdaman mo ba ang sikat ng araw at hangin? Naririnig mob
a nag huni ng ibon at insketo? Nariring mob a ang hampas ng alon sa dagat? Damhin mo ang para sa
iyo ay nakapagbibigay kasiyahan sa ivo" Tingnan mos ng paligid sa lyong 'inner sanctuary" at hanapin
ang isang lugar makapagbibigay sa ivo ng magandang pahingahan. Gamitin ito na lugar para ikaw ay
umupo o mahiga kung kailangan." 'Damhin ang kapanatagan ng lob habang ikaw ay nasa inner
sanctuary mo. Isipin lkaw ay tulad ng isang spongha na sinisipsip ang lahat ng kabutihan sa
paligid*"Ngayon, dalhin ang kamulatan sa isang napakalalim at tahimik na bahagi ng ivong sarili
hanggat matagpuan moa ng iyong lugar na katahimikan at kapayapaan. Dito ikaw ay ligtas sa lahat ng
problema at anumang dalhin sa buhav. Hayaan ang sariling damhin ang kapayapaan kung saan
walang kailangan gawin kundi ang hayaan ana sarili na maranasan no buo ang kapayapaan at
kapanatagan ng kalooban. " "'Sa ivong lubos na kapayapaan, mahahanap mo ang iyong sariling
kaalaman na makapagtuturo sa iyo ng iyong mga pangangallangan atnagbibigay ng tamang gabay sa
pagtahak sa buhay. Kahit hindi mo ito nararamdaman o hindi ka nainiwala dito, hayaang maniwala o
siping na niniwala sa presensya nito. Maniwala man o hindi, ito ay naririyan sa kalooban mo. "Kung
may mga tanong ka sa iyong "gabay", magtanong ka. Maging tahimik at pakiramdaman ang sagot.
Maaaring marinig ito, Makita bilang imahe or maramdaman. Sa papaano mang paraan, maging bukas
at hayaan itong pumasok sa ivong kamulatan. Maaari ding hindi ito maramdaman. Maari itong
dumating sa mga susunod na panahon. Tanggapin ang anumang karanasan. "Kung may karagdagang
tanong sa yong"gabay", tungkol sa pagibig, problema o anumang nangangailangan ng sagot,
magtanong at ang pinto ay magbubukas upang malaman mo ang sagot. Maaring ang mga sagot ay
kakaiba sa inaasahan subalit ito ay darating."
SEMINARS
Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek personal involvement among
the residents. It is a way of providing information, improving the resident's speaking and writing abilities
and enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all the information being presented.
Duration/ Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a week
Participants: Residents, Facilitator
Types of Seminars:
1. Discussion- open format and allow for group participation
2. Data Sessions -given specific information and games
3. Games- mind-expanding activities to elicit thought, creativity, and imagination
4. Seminar series on varied topics
THE DEBATE
The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reason ably and put
together arguments in a logical manner. This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas
and demonstrate a broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights on
other's opinions which may be opposite to their own.
Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month
Participants: 20-30 residents, facilitator
Procedure:
1. Divide the group into two, according to gender or depending upon the topic for debate.
2. Assign a group for "pro" and the other as "con"
3. Choose the first speaker for each group. Each group is given 5 minutes to gather their thoughts
on the issue. Each speaker is given 2 minutes.
4. The "pro" group is first to give their opinion on the issue for 2 minutes. A rebuttal for 2 minutes
is allotted for the "con" group.
5. The exchange of opinions is allowed for a few minutes more. Once the majority has spoken,
the facilitator will switch the stand so much so the "pro" will now become the "con" and vice
versa.
6. After the activity, the facilitator will process how the group felt when they have to defend an
issue which is contrary to their beliefs and if they could see the reasonableness of the other's
arguments? What have they learned from the activity?
GAMES: THE "GRAB BAG"
The "Grab Bag" is a form of seminar which enhances the residents" ability to communicate, analyze
ideas and develop insights about themselves with the use of identification with inanimate objects.
Procedure:
1. Divide the group into small groups of 10 members with one facilitator per group.
2. Each facilitator will have a plastic bag/ container with different items inside
3. Without peeping, each resident will grab one item inside the bag. He/she will be given 3-5
minutes to tell something about the item, describing it as if he/she were the object, what it is
made of and its use.
4. Each resident takes turn until every member of the group has picked an item and speak.
5. The facilitator will process the activity and ask the group how they feel about the activity and
what insights they have gained.
SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES
This activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event purposely to instill fun, humor and
entertainment after an intense and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance to let loose and
socialize. Each static group is assigned a specific task or presentation to develop talents among the
residents.
VOCATIONAL/SURVIVAL SKILLS INTRODUCTION
The development of vocational and survival skills starts at the beginning of performance in job functions
in the TC Community which has substantial value to the individual. Its aim is not only to detain or
confine residents but also to challenge them to learn vocational skills for their reentry to the community.
Vocational rehabilitation helps the individual to become less dependent, adapt himself and become
more independent by making positive changes.
An attitude is a set of feelings, thoughts and disposition. Attitudes determine how one will act. Attitude
stems from the way one thinks, feels and behave. The ideas formed from one's thinking will be
translated into feelings. Thinking coupled with feelings will determine the reaction of an individual to
certain situations. The person's attitude will shape his ability to learn and absorb all the teachings inside
the program.
It will design his willingness to take on responsibilities and develop oneself. An individual's attitude is
relevant to his development in the area of vocation and occupation. It speaks of his adaptability and
flexibility to the different tasks and functions. It will predetermine how he will later on perform in the
hierarchical ladder. The development of skills is inseparable with the other components of TC as each
component plays a vital part in the shaping of one's attitude.
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
Participants: Personnel and residents
Procedure:
1. The senior member of the staff, usually the Director identifies the counselors coming from the
staff/ personnel.
2. As of the soon community as the counselors will submit were application identified, for certain
the residents desired positions as indicated at the hierarchical structure.
3. The applicants will be interviewed by the staff (Director, IWDO, Chief Escort and Custodial).
4. After the interview, selection of applicant for key positions (Coordinator & Department Head) is
done through the use of Socio metric pointing.
5. Crew members will be assigned as per assessment of the IWDO. Chief Escort and Custodial.
6. New residents will be assigned automatically at the housekeeping department for one month
for orientation purposes.
The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE A)
CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION - 1,000 UP)
1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT – Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT - Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT – Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT – Custodial
5. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – Logistics
6. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT – Operations
7. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT – IWDO
8. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT - Paralegal/ I&I
The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE B)
CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)
1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT – Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT - Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING/ MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT - Custodial
5. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT – IWDO
6. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT - Paralegal/ 181
The TC Hierarchical Structure (Jail pop-1-499 TYPE C)
CLASS- C TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP -1-499)
 1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT – Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT - Food Service Specialist
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – IWDO
4. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT - Paralegal/ I8
Note: The set-up of the Hierarchical Structure depends upon the needs of the facility.
JOB FUNCTIONS
Participants: Residents
Duration/frequency: All year round based on jail schedule
Procedure: Departmental Meeting is conducted weekly for assignment of tasks which will last for one
week in rotation basis within the department. Each team will be assigned one expediter to monitor the
job function. Job rotation will be primarily based on the progress, performance and capability of each
resident. Promotion or demotion can happen during the process.
FUNCTION OF THE DIFFERENT POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY (FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST)
Coordinator
1. A positive role model.
2. Deals with the attitudes of the residents and acts as a member of the panel during the haircut
and addresses the resident in general meeting.
3. The leader of a team assigned to oversee a specific department, e.g. kitchen department
4. Responsible for reporting of job changes and recommends cutting off of learning experience
5. Assigned as Coordinator on Duty of the day and delegates tasks to be covered for the day,
i.e.., investigating and booking
6. Encourages residents to use behavior shaping tools, i.e.., encounter slips, booking, etc.
7. Responsible for overseeing that each team works efficiently.
8. Supervises the over-all functions of the department in the TC Facility.
9. Reports to staff any incident that is not in the boundaries erit of a resident to deal with.
10. Carries her. out any given task that staff members assigned him/her
11. In-charge to disseminate instructions given by the Director and staff through coordination with
co-coordinator's.
12. Serves as liaison between resident and staff.
Coordinator On Duty (not part of the whole hierarchical structure, each coordinator takes turns to
become Coordinator of the Day)
1. He/she is designated as Coordinator of the Day to conduct inspection in cells, kitchen and
other areas where residents are allowed together with the staff on duty and the chief expediter.
2. Delegates tasks to other coordinators.
3. Under direct communication with the Chief Expediter.
4. Must always be aware and records all the events, incidences of the day to the logbook.
5. Must have direct link with Staff on Duty.
6. Responsible to disseminate information coming from the Staff or Director.
7. Evaluates or validate different incidences and seeks staff's acknowledgement.
Chief Expediter
1. Responsible for managing the daily function and activities of the community.
 2. Delegates other responsibilities to the Asst. Chief Expediter and monitors every activity
3. Oversees the schedule of the day.
4. Communicates with department heads in execution of job functions.
5. Communicates with Coordinator of the Day on an hourly basis.
Assistant Chief Expediter
1. Responsible for execution of directives from the chief expediter.
2. Supervises the activity inside the dormitories.
3. Monitors overall function of the different departments and reports to the chief all the incidences.
4. Facilitates department head meetings in the absence of the chief expediter, job changes and
requests. (e.g. request for phone calls)
Department Head
1. Conducts departmental meetings before job function.
2. Delegates specific tasks to team members and monitors individual conduct.
3. Monitors participation of members to activities of the program (Morning Meeting, Seminars and
Group Sessions
4. Checks attendance and whereabouts of team members.
5. Attends department heads pre-evaluation meeting regarding job change.
6. Recommends grants or denies team members' in-house requests in the department head
meeting.
7. Conducts post evaluation to residents regarding the result of their requests.
8. Screens team members' requests
Department Crew
1. Responsible for carrying-out tasks, duties and responsibilities of their concerned departments.
TOMP DEPARTMENTS AND FUNCTIONS Business Office Department (BoD)
1. Welcomes new members of the family and makes sure that policies, rules and their limitations
are clear.
2. Responsible in facilitating younger members group by sharing experiences.
3. Role model that shows how to overcome trying circumstances (coping, adjustment, etc.)
4. Orients in the encounter new residents group, how use to the drop behavior slips, shaping
ventilate tools feelings and internalize the TC Philosophy and Unwritten Philosophies.
5. Provides support to residents when needed.
6. Prepares sequence of program for special events and disseminates all written communications.
7. Maintains and updates bulletin board postages and announcements.
8. Updates profile of residents (Name, Address, Age, Status, Birth date, Ethnic Origin etc.) and
provides list of residents in the Tag board to be posted in every dormitory;
9. Prepares sound system in every activity.
Expediting Team
1. Oversees the day-to-day affairs of the different departments.
2. Reports any incident in the TC facility and the overall attitude of the community.
3. In-charge of the attendance of the residents in groups, seminars, static, specialized groups
 4. Confronts attitudes around the house and make necessary steps to address them through
booking.
5. Coordinates with staff regarding announcements, activities, medications and court hearings for
proper information dissemination.
6. Coordinates with Coordinator on Duty and Medical Staff in attending to sick residents.
7. Prepare designated room assignments upon admission of new residents (Assign big brother/
sister).
8. Oversees activities of residents in the Learning Experience structure.
Kitchen Department
1. Prepares and cook food for daily consumption.
2. Maintains quality of food and dietary requirements of every menu
3. Preserves sanitary working environment and maintains kitchen equipment properly.
4. Manages quantity of food servings to minimize wastage.
5. Prepares menu for special requirements, and occasions.
6. Serves meals on time.
7. Ensures proper storage of food items to avoid spoilage and contamination.
8. Conducts regular health screening of kitchen workers.
9. Maintains proper washing of dishes and kitchen utensils and proper disposal of waste
materials.
Maintenance and Landscaping Department
1. Maintains cleanliness of grounds
2. Responsible in planting, watering and trimming of plants, trees and flower beds
3. Maintains inventory of materials and equipment.
4. Informs staff of any equipment that needs repair or replacement.
5. Responsible in making minor repairs of jail facilities and equipment.
6. Responsible in monitoring proper usage of water and electricity.
Housekeeping Department
1. Maintains the cleanliness of the cell area, mess hall, visitation area and visitor's comfort room.
2. Maintains inventory of housekeeping materials such as brooms, dustpans, rugs, floor wax, etc.
3. Provides proper storage of housekeeping materials.
Laundry Department
1. Assigns and schedules laundry time for every dorm.
2. Designates and maintains hanging area for washed clothing.
3. Collects the dried washed clothing and distributes to the respective dorms.
STAFF FUNCTIONS
Director
The Warden serves as the Director of the facility. He oversees all the activities in the program. He
designates staff to serve as Counselors. He makes final decisions as to what sanctions or learning
experiences will be meted out to erring residents.
Assistant Director
 This position is usually occupied by the Assistant Warden. He takes over the responsibilities in the
absence of the Director. He reports directly to the Director and assists him in the conduct of the
latter's responsibilities.
Counselor
A staff is assigned as a Counselor for each department. The jail set up is unique as the Counselors
take on other responsibilities in addition.
Due to the inadequate number of jail personnel, custodial officers are oftentimes assigned as
Counselors. The Counselors are responsible for the conduct of the different activities of TC on a
daily basis. Each Counselor will monitor the activities of their respective departments. They will
conduct individual counseling and facilitate groups. They are present in the conduct of the different
behavior shaping tools. Instead of being the dominant figure, the Counselor's role is to bolster or
enhance the community as the primary change agent and build the community to function around
the established hierarchy.
This kind of Job Change will be done regularly every six (6) months. This will be done by the TOMP
Director by calling all the staff/ counselors in order to facilitate the procedural change of positions
handled by department heads and coordinators. Once the meeting is done, the coordinators will
now apply for the positions as to where they want to be assigned that will be evaluated by the staff
before giving them their new assignments. After each assignment is identified, the Director or the
JWDO will then announce to the community the new assignments and positions the applicants are
holding.
A sudden change of position and responsibility will occur if a certain resident holding key position
commits infraction such as violation of cardinal rules. Such infraction has been verified and
investigated by the responsible inmates and such investigation report has reached the staff. It is
assumed that the members of the disciplinary board have already sanctioned the resident after
which, he will be ousted of his present position and promotion and demotion will take effect.
For example: A coordinator of the Kitchen Department was found out using the food container to
facilitate entry of alcoholic beverages. He will be given sanction by the members of the disciplinary
board after the investigation and the department head of kitchen will assume his position and a
crew can be promoted to take the department head position.
The release of a resident particularly the one who occupies a key position will open a vacancy.
The vacated position will be filled up by either succession depending on his/her qualifications.
The Director, IWDO, Chief Escort or Custodial may conduct interview and selection of the
applicants vying for the position and will announce later who qualifies for the vacant position. Never
allow the residents to do the selection and interview without the supervision of any staff.
LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING
Designed Tools: Project Proposals, Training Design, Feasibility Studies
Procedure:
The IWDO will conduct skills inventory of the residents to determine the appropriate skills training
needed. With the help of skilled staff or outsourced trainers, residents are trained on their specific field
of interest which could be their source of livelihood once they are released from jail.
Other suggested vocational skills training:
1. Rug making
2. Wood carving
3. Flower making
4. Artistry
5. Massage Therapy
6. Basic Electricity
7. Automotive
8. Masonry and Carpentry.
9. Tailoring and Dressmaking
10. Tailoring and Dressmaking
11. Furniture
12. Lantern and Christmas
13. T-shirt printing
14. Basket weaving
15. Shell craft
16. Guitar
17. Organic Farming
TERMS TO REMEMBER
ANGER MANAGEMENT - a specialized group activity discussing issues to control anger.
ANNOUNCEMENT - information given to all residents.
ATTITUDES - the general condition of the TC family as a whole, including incidences, positive and
negative.
BANS - a behavior shaping tool to prohibit a resident to a specific area, activity, verbal, another client.
BIG BROTHER - an older member of the community tasked to provide guidance to the newly
committed residents.
BOOKED - logged an incident to the Coordinator of the Day.
CARDINAL RULES - the principal guiding rule observed by all residents in a TC Community with
heavier corresponding consequences.
COERCION- the use of internal and external sources to heighten dissonance on the client and magnify
his choices and the specific consequences of his choices. COMMUNICATION - a department which
oversees the daily census, entry, news and other information to be disseminated.
COMMUNITY - the residents of the TC Family.
COORDINATOR - the highest position attained by a resident in a TC Hierarchy, who works with the
staff in running the house, implementing rules. With corresponding status, a resident has an authority
over the other residents.
COORDINATOR OF THE DAY - assigned coordinator (resident) to oversee and address the incidents,
attitudes of the house through the use of behavior shaping tools - talk to, dealt with, haircut.
COUNSELOR- staff member position who assists the residents' needs DAILY STRUCTURE- list of
day-to-day activities
DEPARTMENT HEAD- a ranking resident next to the coordinator in the TC Hierarchy assigned to
oversee, monitor tasks to be done in a particular department.
DISSONANCE - the time period of admitting, denying before coming up with a decision. DIRECTOR -
the highest staff facility officer (Warden) who has direct command to both residents and staff.
DORMITORY - a cell where the residents stays while on confinement.
ENCOUNTER- a group process utilized to vent out concerns, anger and hurt feelings ENCOUNTER
BOX- box used to receive slips being dropped.
ENTERTAINMENT and RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY - an activity in the TC community aimed to aid
residents in treatment.
EVALUATION - an assessment done anytime during the treatment
EXPEDITING TEAM - a department that serves as police of the community to ensure order among
residents
EXPULSION - the ejection of one from the community because of his/her serious offense. FRIEND - a
resident who has the closest regard to the other resident.
GENERAL MEETING - a behavior shaping tool addressing serious infraction of a resident. GENERAL
WORKER - the lowest position in the TC hierarchy
GROUNDS- pertains to lawns, pathways and landscape
HAIRCUTS - getehavior saaming tool consisting of a five-man panel that addresses a resident's
infraction.
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE - the chain of command of residents in TCMP
HOUSE - pertains to the jail facility.
HOUSE RULES - are day to day standards that need to be followed inside the jail facility to ensure the
smooth and orderly flow of operation.
HOUSEKEEPING TEAM - a department that maintains cleanliness of the facility. INFRACTIONS - a
violation to the House Rules of the TC Family.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE - a form of sanction that aid residents realize the value of correcting
infractions.
MORNING MEETING a dally ritual addressing attitudes of previous days, performed to start the day
right.
PEERS - friends of the same entry period.
PRE-MORNING MEETING the activity preceding the Morning Meeting that discusses attitudes of the
house and eliciting theme of the week and word of the day.
PULL - UP - verbal reprimand done during the Morning Meeting.
RESIDENTS - terms used for inmates who are part of the TCMP community.
SENIOR RESIDENT - a member of the TC community having the position such as Static Group leader
and its Assistant and In Charge of various special services groups.
STAFF - refer to jail personnel.
STATIC GROUP - a group composed of residents known as permanent support group. TALK TO -
friendly reminder for resident violators.
TC FAMILY - refers to all residents of the TC community.
UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY - refers to a guiding value which residents reflect and hold on.
VIOLATOR - a resident who commits an act in violation of the TC/Jail Rules.