CHAPTER TWO

DOZERS

Part One
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 Outline
❖Function and capacity
❖Classification of dozer
❖Main components and accessories of a
dozer
❖Preventive maintenance
❖Specification of a dozer
❖Productivity

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 Function of dozers
Dozers are used as both support and production
machines on many construction projects, where
they may be used from start to finish operations
like:-
➢ Clearing land of timber and stumps
➢ Moving earth and rock for short haul (push) distances
➢ Spreading earth and rock fills, Back-filling trenches
➢ Helping to load tractor-pulled scrapers
➢ Clearing of quarry pits
➢ Opening up pilot roads through mountains and rock terrain
➢ Ripping, Towing other pieces of construction equipment
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 Applications of bull dozers
The size, weight and the technology used by it
has made it applicable for various fields which
can be summed as :
✓ Land excavation, road construction.
✓ Mines and quarries

✓Heavy industry factories

✓ Farms

✓Military bases
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12/29/2023 7
 Classification of bulldozer
⦁There are a variety of dozers that differ depending upon mountings,
nature of blade , based on control and arrangement of track chain.
❖ Depending on mountings
✓ Crawler bulldozer
✓ Wheeled bulldozer
❖ Depending on the nature of blade
✓ Front casting dozer
✓ Angle dozer
❖ Depending on the control
✓ Hydraulic control dozer
✓ Cable controlled dozer
❖ Depending on arrangement of track chain
✓ Low track dozers
✓ High track dozers
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 Depending on mountings
Crawler bulldozer
✓ is a tracked vehicle and hence does not have any tires.
✓ Tracks give them excellent ground hold and mobility through
very rough terrain
✓ Have large ground contact area and therefore have a good
track adhesion.
✓ Large crawlers usually have a ripper installed at the machine’s
rear end and can even crush any hard surface.
✓ It is most suitable for use in irregular fields due to the abrasive
plate.
✓ Have power ratings of 65-700Hp.

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 Crawler dozer

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 Depending on mountings cont..
Wheeled bulldozer
➢ The wheel dozer has large and heavy tires which enables it to
function well.
➢ It have hydraulic steering that is quite easy and flexible to
operate.
➢ The main difference between the wheeled dozer and the
crawler dozer is that the wheel one can move on a small axis
unlike the crawler bulldozer which is not able to do that.
➢ Main advantage is high speed sometimes exceed 50kmph it is
for long distance hauling and good roads .

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 Wheeled bulldozer

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 Comparison between crawler and
wheeled tractors

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 Depending on the nature of blade
Front casting dozer
✓ blade is fixed perpendicular to the direction of travel.

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Angle dozer
✓ blade is fixed at angle the direction of travel.

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 Depending on the control
Hydraulic control dozer
✓ It can produce high pressure on the blade
✓ More precise settling of blade can be maintained
✓ It is difficult in installation and operation
✓ It is difficult to repair

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 Depending on the control
Cable controlled dozer
✓ There is less chance to damage as blade can move up and
ride over rigid obstruction
✓ It is simple in installation and operation
✓ It is easy to repair

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Depending on arrangement of track chain

Low track dozers

✓ commonly used for grading

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Depending on arrangement of track chain
High track dozers
✓has an elevated drive sprocket usually used for
pushing in muddy conditions.

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 The Main Components Bulldozer

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12/29/2023 21
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 The Main Components Bulldozer cont.
[Link] blade
➢Is a heavy metal plate on the front of the tractor, used to push
objects, and shove sand, soil and debris.
❖It is able to lift up and down via hydraulic arms that are
commanded from inside the cab.
❖A main part that differentiating the bulldozer from tractor.
Bulldozer blades may vary from purpose to purpose and size
to size.
❖The front of the blade is called the moldboard and is
concave and sloped back
❖They are reversible, so that they can be removed and turned
upside down when worn
❖ Bulldozer blades have three main varieties

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 [Link] or U-blades (tall)
❑ have curved wings to handle a larger volume of material.

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 [Link]
❑ have no curvature, making them ideal for grading work.
✓ This blade is mounted in a fixed position, perpendicular to
the line of travel.
✓ It can be tilted and pitched either forward or backward
within a 10° arc.
✓ Used for fine grading.

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 [Link]-U blades
Are shorter with less curvature and smaller wings than traditional
U-blades.
✓ They are designed for handling smaller amounts of heavy
material.

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 Special-Purpose Blade
There are special blades, such as the Rome K/G, designed for
clearing brush and trees but not for earthmoving.
✓ The Rome K/G blade is permanently fixed at an angle.
✓ The operator must be well-trained to be efficient in this
operation.

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 Blade adjustments
Tilt: The vertical movement of a blade end is known as tilt. This
movement is within the vertical plane of the blade. Tilting
permits concentration of tractor driving power on limited length
of blade.

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Pitch: The control which allows the operator to vary the angle of
attack of the blade cutting edge with the ground is a pitch. It is
the movement of the top of the blade toward or away from the
tractor.

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Angling: Turning the blade so that it is not perpendicular to the
direction of the tractor’s travel is angling.

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 The Main Components Bulldozer cont..
[Link] /Power Unit

✓Engine is one of the device on the dozer like

every vehicles used to convert chemical energy
of a fuel in to heat then to mechanical energy.

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12/29/2023 32
Engine systems
❑ Starting ❑Turbo charging
❑ Intake
❑ Fuel
❑ Ignition
❑ Exhaust
❑ Charging
❑ Lubrication
❑ Cooling
12/29/2023 33
1. Starting system

STARTING SYSTEM

• Battery
• Cables (Wires)
• Ignition Switch
• Starter motor
• Ring gear at flywheel

Group or Peer discussion

1. Explain the purpose of the
starting system.
2. Name the component parts in
their right order of
energy(current) flow.
3. Discuss the principle of
operation.
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2. Intake system

INTAKE SYSTEM

• Air cleaner (Filter)

• Carburetor (Diesel: has no carburetor ! )
• Intake manifold
• Intake valve

Group or Peer discussion

1. Explain the purpose of the intake
system
2. Name the component parts of intake
system
3. Discuss the principle of operation.

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3. Fuel system ( for Gasoline engines)

FUEL SYSTEM
( Gasoline – with Carburetor)

• Fuel tank with strainer

• Fuel line or pipe
• Fuel pump
• Fuel filter
• Carburetor

Group or Peer discussion

1. Explain the purpose of the
fuel system.
2. Name the component parts in
their right order of fluid(fuel)
flow.
3. Discuss the principle of
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35
3. Fuel system ( for Diesel engines)
FUEL SYSTEM
(Diesel Engine)

• Fuel tank with strainer

• Fuel line or pipe
• Fuel feed pump
• Fuel filter(s)
• Injection pump
• Fuel lines
• Injection nozzles
Group or Peer discussion
1. Explain the purpose of the
fuel system.
2. Name the component parts in
their right order of fluid(fuel)
flow.
3. Discuss the principle of
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operation.
5. Exhaust system

EXHAUST SYSTEM

• Exhaust valve
• Exhaust manifold
• Exhaust pipe
• Catalytic converter
• Muffler (Silencer)
• Tail pipe
Group or Peer discussion
1. Explain the purpose of the
exhaust system.
2. Name the component parts in
their right order of
fluid(exhaust gas) flow.
3. Discuss the principle of
operation.
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6. Charging system

CHARGING SYSTEM

• Battery
• Cables (Wires)
• Ignition switch
• Alternator
• Regulator

Group or Peer discussion

1. Explain the purpose of the
charging system.
2. Name the component parts in
their right order of
energy(current) flow.
3. Discuss the principle of
operation.
12/29/2023 39
7. Lubrication system

LUBRICATION SYSTEM

• Oil sump
• Strainer
• Oil pump
• Oil filter
• Gallery (oil passages)
• Lubrication points
Group or Peer discussion
1. Explain the purpose of the
lubrication system.
2. Name the component parts in
their right order of fluid(oil)
flow.
3. Discuss the principle of
operation.
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12/29/2023 41
8. Cooling system COOLING SYSTEM
( Liquid cooled )
• Cooling fan
• Radiator
• Lower hose
• Water pump
• Water jacket (passages)
• Thermostat
• Upper hose
• Radiator cap
Group or Peer discussion
1. Explain the purpose of the
cooling system.
2. Name the component parts in
their right order of
fluid(coolant) flow.
3. Discuss the principle of
operation.
12/29/2023 42
 [Link]

• The construction of the

turbocharger is a gas turbine
and a centrifugal blower (or
compressor) fitted to a
common shaft.
• The turbine draws energy
from the exhaust gases, and
rotates the shaft.
• The attached blower also
rotates.
• The blower draws air from
the atmosphere, and
compresses it.

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 Thank you

12/29/2023 44
 CHAPTER TWO
DOZERS

Part Two
12/29/2023 45
 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….

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 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….
3. Power Train

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 [Link] train Cont.…
❑The power train includes the transmission/gear
box, clutch/torque convertor, driveshaft
differential, and gears that rotate the track or
wheel.
❑Coupled to the engine crankshaft, the power
train will transmit power from the engine to the
elevated sprocket gear or to wheel.
❑Driving power from diesel engine (1) is
transmitted to transmission (4) through main
clutch or torque converter (2) and universal joint
(3).
12/29/2023 48
 [Link] train Cont.…
❑The power altered through selection of proper gear
arrangement within the transmission according to load, is
transmitted to bevel pinion (6) at the rear end of the
transmission.
❑The bevel pinion and the bevel gear direct the power
into the right and left directions.
❑Steering clutches (7) at both ends left and right of the
bevel gear shaft control the transmission of power from
the bevel gear shaft to the final drive, providing a means
for steering the machine in corporation with brake (8)
installed on each steering clutch.
❑ The power from the steering clutch goes to final drive
(9) consisting of a train of gears to turn sprocket. The
sprocket drives track to cause the machine to travel.

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 [Link] train Cont.…
❑For running auxiliary components like steering
pump , main clutch pump , power control unit
and drive shaft , power is taken through a
suitable gearing arrangements

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 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….
[Link] Hydraulic Systems

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 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….
[Link] Hydraulic Systems

❑The hydraulic control system for the work

attachment consists of hydraulic pump,
hydraulic tank (enclosing control valve), filter,
hydraulic cylinders and tubing.

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12/29/2023 53
 [Link] Hydraulic Systems cont.…
Bulldozers can be equipped with up to three control valves (for
controlling blade cylinders, tilt cylinder and ripper cylinders).the
control valve is shown at three different positions,raise,lower and
float with the indications of oil flow at each position.
✓ The oil flow is directed to the head side of the cylinder to
raise the blade

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 ✓ The oil flow is directed to the bottom side of the cylinder to
lower the blade

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✓ At float position, both sides of the cylinder piston are dumping
that the blade is free to move up and down resting on the
ground by its own weight.

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✓ Construction of hydraulic cylinders

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 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….
5. Undercarriage unit
➢ Undercarriage units consist of two crawler units
mounted on the frames
➢ The driving sprockets is fitted at the rear end
while the idler wheel is fitted at the front end of
the frame
➢ An endless chain passes over the driving
sprockets and the idler wheel and is supported in
between by carriers rollers and track rollers
➢ Shoes are fitted on the endless chain through out
the length
➢ The tensioning arrangements is fitted between the
crawler frame and the idler wheel to adjust the
chain sag
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 5.1. Track assembly
• The track assembly consists of a continuous chain
surrounding the track frame and drive sprockets.
• The link of the chain provide a flat surface for the track
rollers to pass over, as the roller support the
equipment.
• Track shoes are bolted to the outside of the chain links
and distribute the weight of equipment over a large
surface.
• A track assembly provides all type terrain versatility
due to the low ground pressure at the track.
• This lower ground pressure has a distinct flotation
advantage over the ground pressure of rubber tired
equipment.
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 a) Track chain
• As the dozer operates, the drive sprocket
teeth contacts the track pin and propel
the dozer along the track assembly.
• The pin and bushings wear much faster
than other parts of the track because of
their constant pivoting as the track
rotates around the track frame.

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12/29/2023 62
 b) Track shoes
• The track shoes are available in two configurations: the
grouser shoe and extreme service shoe.
• The grouser shoe is the most common type of track
shoe. It is standard on crawler mounted dozers.
• The extreme service track shoe, on dozers operate
primarily on rocky locations

Types of track shoe

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 c) Track frame
• The track frame serves as a frame work and
support for track assembly, rollers, front idlers,
recoil spring, and adjusting mechanisms.

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 d) Truck frame rollers
• Two types of track frame rollers are used on
tracked equipment. Carrier and track rollers
• The carrier rollers are mounted on brackets
that extend above the track frame. They
support the track as it passes over the track
frame assembly.
• The track rollers are mounted on the lower
portion of track frame. They support the weight
of the dozers and ensure the track chain
alignment with the track frame as the track
passes under the rollers.
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 e) Front idlers
• The front idlers serves as a guiding
support for the track chain. The idler is
spring loaded and mounted on slides or
guides that allow it to move forth and
back inside the track frame , as the dozer
passes over uneven roads.
• The spring loading effect causes the idler
to maintain the desired tension regardless
of operating conditions.
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 f) Recoil spring
• The recoil spring is a large coil spring placed on
track frame in a way that enables to the spring
to absorb shock from the front idlers.
• The spring is compressed before installation
and held in place by stopper or spacers.
• The track adjusting mechanism, by pressing the
spring stop, maintains the desired tension on
the track assembly by holding the idler and
yoke in the forward direction.
• The operation of the coil spring depends on the
amount of tension on the track.
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 g) Track adjusting mechanisms
• The adjusting mechanisms must be extended enough
to remove the slack between the front idler and spring.
• The adjustment is made either manually or
hydraulically.
• Older models have manual adjustment.
• Newer model dozers are adjusted hydraulically by
grease gun.
• Grease is pumped into yoke cylinder and extend it
until enough tension is placed on the coil spring to
remove the slack from the track.
• Tension is relieved by loosening the vent screw located
next to the adjustment fitting.
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12/29/2023 69
 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….
6. Ripper
• The ripper is the long claw -like device on the
back of the bulldozer. Rippers can come as a
single shank/giant ripper) or in groups of two
or more (multi shank rippers).
• Usually, a single shank is preferred for heavy
ripping. The ripper shank is fitted with a
replaceable tungsten steel alloy tip.
• Ripping rock breaks the ground surface rock or
pavement into small rubble easy to handle and
transport, which can then be removed so
grading can take place.
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 RIPPER (CONTD.)

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 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….
7. Operators Cab
• Mounted behind the engine, which is the
central location of most instruments and
controls.
• Provides the operators, instruments, controls
protection against harsh weather.
• ROPS = Roll Over Protective Structure
• FOBS = Falling Objects Protective Structure

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 The Main Components Bulldozer Cont.….
8. Controls
• Control configurations depending on the dozer
model and make. Some dozers have a set of
levers to control the vehicle movement and
blade and attachment operations.
• The engine speed is controlled by the governors,
decelerators and brake pedals.
• The movement of tracked dozer is controlled by a
transmission control, a right and left steering
clutch, and a brake control.
• Other controls include blade lift and tilt control
and a ripper height control.

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12/29/2023 74
12/29/2023 75
 PM Schedule
Machinery preventive maintenance schedule & checklist
M a ch in e type … … … … … … … … … … … … … … Date …… …………………… … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plate no. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . . . Location …….....................................................
Manuf. & model … … … … … … … … … … … … … Mech. N a m e & sig. …………………...............
Last service Current time reading N ext service
Date . . . … … … … … … . . . . … … … … … … … … . . … … … … … … … …
Hr./Km. … … … … … … … . . . … . … … … … … … … … . .……………...........
SER V IC E S TA G E … … … … … … … . T O T A L C O S T … … … … … … … … … … . .
Service stage A B C D E F G H I J
Service hour 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500

Pre-start check ,change , repair points Service check change repair remark
interval
ENGINE Oil & filter 250hr
F u e l filter 500hr
Coolant & Radiator cap check ,change as needed 250hr
Belt & belt tensioner check clean & adjust 1,000hr
Engine m o u n t i n g security 500hr
Air cleaner change 1,000hr
Exhaust leakage check 250hr
HYDRAULIC Oil level c h e c k & sampling 250hr
SYSTEM System leak 250hr
S y s t e m oil filters 1,000hr
Oil & oil c o o l e r c h e c k & c l e a n 2500hr
Hydraulic p u m p m o t o r & transmission security 500hr
OTH ERS C h e c k lighting ,starting & c ha rging 1,000hr
Battery terminal condition 250hr
Battery electrolyte level & proportion 250hr
C hec k & c ha nge air drier 1,000hr
C h e c k & a d j u s t b r a k e s h o e c h a n g e if n e c e s s a r y 500hr
Security of major m o u n t i n g bolts 2,000hr
G e a r b o x & di f f erenti al s t a t us & oil 1,000hr
L u b r i c a t e all h i n g e s & g r e a s i n g all pivot p i n s 250hr
Dismantle, check & lubricate steering & h u b device 1,000hr
Dismantle, check &lubricate axle, h u b device 1,000hr

S/ C h a n g e d spare part unit QT Unit Total Mechanic Labor Time Total

N & oils Y price price name cost/hr. taken hr. cost
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tot a l s p a r e & oil p r i ce Total labour cost
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 Thank You

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 CHAPTER TWO
DOZERS

Part Three
12/29/2023 78
12/29/2023 79
 Specification Terms and
Operation Data

✓There are a number of terms used for specifying

the capacity or size of the bulldozers
✓The following are some of them which you must
be familiar with when talking to sales to people
or customers or when to Consult Construction
personnel

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 PUSH OR PULL? DRAWBAR PULL
FORCE

One of the most important parameter for a

crawler dozer is the DRAWBAR PULL
FORCE. Best in class drawbar pull means
superior push power ratings so your
customers can complete their projects on time
and on budget.
But, what exactly is drawbar pull, anyway?
Basically, drawbar pull is the pulling force, or
pulling ability, of a machine.
Drawbar pull is linked to:
◣ Power, such as engine horsepower and
torque, as well as drive motor torque
◣ Weight, machine operating weight and its
footprint, or rolling resistance, directly kW
Engine Power
related with the ground pressure.
So what’s the big deal with drawbar pull? And,
Nm
Motor torque
T
how is it going to help your customer anyway? Op. weight kN
➢ First, with industry leading drawbar pull, D rawbar Pull
your customer can PUSH more material.
This equates to productivity
➢ Second, with a greater amount of pushing
power comes PULLING power, too.
Dislodging tree stumps, ripping or towing kPa
other Ground Pressure

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12/29/2023 82
 UNDERCARRIAGE MAIN
PARAMETERS
Alternative
➢ Undercarriage length (A)
➢ Undercarriage gauges (B) and
➢ Track shoe width (C) selection must be
always considered.
Undercarriage with the minimum length and
gauge may be defined as standard (Long Track C
(LT). Extra Long Track (XLT) indicates the
longer undercarriage and can be combined with a
wider gauge (WT) to allow extra wide track shoes
to be fitted.
◣ LGP (Low Ground Pressure) dozers are used
where the ground is too soft to support
anything else. They should not be used on hard
or rocky ground because the low ground
pressure will result in a less pushing power and
in an excessive track shoes wear.
◣ XLT (Extra Long Track) and/or WT (Wide
Track) dozers are preferred for very accurate
dozing and grading works, due to the longer
(and sometime wider) base on which the A B
machine will stand.
◣ Standard LT (Long Track) dozers are the most
used on hard jobs. For heavy rock is
recommended to use LT dozer with narrow
track shoes, to maximize the pushing power
(thanks to the increased ground pressure) and
minimize the track wear (thanks to the reduced
contact surface). Ideal for quarry and mining
applications.

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12/29/2023 84
➢ Operating weight (kg): Total weight of a tractor with full fuel
tank as well as with lubricants and coolant in the specified
amounts (not including any personnel on board).
➢ Ground pressure (kg/cm2): Weight to be imposed on a unit
area of the portion of a tractor in contact with ground. It is
normally indicated in the unit of kg/cm2.

operatingweight+ attachmentweight
Ground pressure = 2* shoewidth*lengthof track on ground

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12/29/2023 88
 Unit D180 D6T D65X-16 PR734
Blade width (HSU) mm 3460 3260 3410 3372

XL: 20937
LT: 20530 EX: 21580 L: 20338
XW: 21789
Operating weight kg XLT: 21750 WX: 23660 XL: 20338
LGP:
LGP: 22730 PX: 21860 LGP: 24961
22448

Blade capacity (HSU) m3 5.60 5.31 5.61 5.56

LT: 2700 XL & XW: 2840 EX & WX: 2970 L: 2830
Track on ground mm
XLT & LGP: 3205 LGP: 3250 PX: 3275 XL & LGP: 3240
XL: 1880
LT & XLT: 1900 EX : 1880 L & XL: 1830
Track gauge mm XW: 2032
LGP: 2080 WX & PX: 2050 LGP: 2180
LGP: 2286

LT: 560 – 610 XL: 560 EX: 610 L: 508-560-610

Shoe width mm XLT: 560 – 610 XW: 760 WX: 760 XL: 508-560-610
LGP: 760 – 915 LGP: 790-915 PX: 915 LGP: 812-914-965

# Carrier rollers 2 1 (idler on top) 2 2

# Track rollers (LT) 7 (LT) – 8 (XLT/LGP) 7 (XL/XW) – 8 (LGP) 7 (EX/WX) – 8 (LGP) 7 (L) – 8 (XL/LGP)

Height to top of cab mm 3235 3310 3160 3258

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11/22/2022type
Transmission Full Power-SPhrifetpared By F:W
ule
l yu
Pom arT-Shift
we Full Power-Shift 89
Hydrostatic
8
 Dozer Blade Capacity Estimation
❑ It is amount of earth that the blade of a bulldozer can push at a
time.

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 Dozer Blade Capacity Estimation

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 Blade loading Capacity B L A D E “F” F A C T O R
Blade type
Given W as the blade width and H as the blade Material
Full-U Semi-U Straight Angle
height, we can affirm that the cycle load is
proportional to the blade area 𝑾 × 𝑯 and to the Loose stockpile 1,25 1,05 1,00 0,95
“length” of the load in front of the blade. Sand, common earth, clay 0,90 0,75 0,70 0,65

This length will be roughly proportional to the blade Frozen ground, bank clay, soft rock 0,80 0,65 0,60 0,50
height (H). Let’s say that is equal to the height H Blasted or ripped rock 0,65 0,55 0,50 0,45
multiplied by a factor “F” which will depend
primarily by the type of blade 𝑯 × 𝑭 . TYPICAL S W E L L A N D S W E L L C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R
Then, the cycle load will be given by: Material % Swell SCF
Clean sand or gravel 5 – 15 0,95 – 0,87
𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝑚3) = 𝑊 × 𝐻 × 𝐻 × 𝐹 = 𝑊 × 𝐻 2 × 𝐹
Top soil 10 – 25 0,91 – 0,80
Sandy, clayey loam 10 – 35 0,91 – 0,74
If the production is required in bank volume, the Common earth 20 – 45 0,83 – 0,69
cycle load must also be multiplied by an appropriate
Swell Conversion Factor (SCF). Clay 30 – 60 0,77 – 0,63
Solid rock 50 – 100 0,67 – 0,50
𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝑚3) = 𝑊 × 𝐻 2 × 𝐹 × 𝑆𝐶𝐹

Blade width (W) and height (H) are in meters.

Suggested “F” and “SCF” factors are given on the
table in the opposite.

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 Dozer Capacity Estimation
➢ The amount of material that the dozer moves depends on
the quantity which will remain in front of the blade during
the push.

➢ The factors that control dozer production rates are:

✓ Blade type
✓Type and condition of material

✓Cycle time

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 Hourly productivity
➢ To have a good accuracy in the
Estimating dozer productivity, we must JO B EFFIC I EN C Y TABLE
consider also the job efficiency which is Level of operation Efficiency (minutes/hour) Efficiency (%)
the estimated amount of the effective Theoretical maximum 60 100
working minutes per each working
Ideal fleet operation 55 92
hours.
Good fleet operation 50 83
➢ In other words, we consider that in one
Average operation 45 75
working hours, not all the 60 minutes are
Unfavorable operation 40 67
used to work, according to several
Poor operation 30 50
variable factors like the jobsite condition
and/or the operator skill. See the Job
Efficiency table in the opposite.
❑ The cycles per hour are then
calculated as follows:

𝑱𝒐𝒃 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 × 𝟔𝟎
𝑪𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓 =
𝑪𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
Then, finally, the hourly productivity
(abbreviated HP) can be calculated as
follows:

𝑯𝑷 = 𝑪𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓 × 𝑪𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅

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 Dozer Capacity Estimation cont..
❑Cycle time
✓ Total dozer cycle time is the sum of its:
➢ Fixed cycle time and Variable cycle time
Fixed cycle time :
➢ Represents the time required to maneuver, change gears, start loading, and
dumping
➢ It’s also the time for changing direction twice in an unrestricted area

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 Dozer Capacity Estimation cont..
❑ Cycle time cont..
Variable cycle time is the time required to doze and return.
➢Since the haul distance is relatively short, a dozer usually returns
in reverse gear.

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 Example #1
Dozer used for pushing sand using Sami-U
blade having W=3.42m and H=1.425m
determine cycle load of the dozer without bank
production and with the bank production of
10%swell

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Example #2
At the end of open pit mining operation in a certain area, a six meters vertical face of
overburden (cemented clay) has been left behind. Before abandoning that mine area
it was required to fill the pit from 20m A production of 450 m3/hour (bank of 35
% swell ) is required.

Question: will a D9, equipped with a semi-U bulldozer blade having blade
width of 4.350 m and height of 1.934 m with planetary transmission of 1st gear
for pushing and 3rd gear for reversing and it required 10 sec of changing gear
and loading for average operating condition will it be able to produce the
requested output?

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 Thank You

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