ETHICS AND MORAL VALUES
Ethics
• The body of moral principles or values followed by an individual.
* These are your ACTIONS!!
• Ethics are a system of moral principles and a branch
of philosophy which defines what is good for individuals and
society.
Morals
*"What is right vs. what is wrong".
•Morals are principles and values based on what a
person or society believes are the right. proper or acceptable ways of behaving.
Values
+-Worth in importance placed o n someone by a person*.
something or
• Va l u e s of a person or group are the moral principles and beliefs that they think are important in life
and that they tend to live their lives by such valuesas guiding principles.
Three Key Branches of Ethics
o Descriptive ethics involves describing. characterizing and studying morality
"What Is*
o Normative ethics involves supplying and justifying moral systems
"What should be*
o Applied Ethics about "how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations
Moral Values.
o Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern an individual's behavior and choices.
OR
o Values are the criteria for determining good and bad, fair and unfair, just and unjust.
Types of "Values"
•Universal Values:
It has the same value or worth for all, or
almost all people.
Eg. Sanctity of human life, Peace, and human dignity.
• Instrumental Values:
These are values that can be used to
get something eise.
Examples of these would include Progress (which allows leisure time). Freedom (Through which we can get dignity
and/or self actualization), and Knowiedge (which helps us to get economic prosperity, and progress).
• Intrinsic Values: ( opposite to
Instrumental value)
Something has intrinsic worth simply
because of what it is, and not necessarily what it will lead to.
For example beauty. artistic expression and happiness. We value them because they are an important aspect of Sife.
•Prerequisite Values:
These are values that are necessary before you
can get to some bigger goal
Examples of this type of value include safety (which is needed before
can even think about having anything else).
Justice (which
needed before we can move onto
the common good
(which must be honored if we can ever get to a state of peace)
• Paramount Values:
It is the value which is above all other
things,
For example, freedom (which marty people have given up their lives for and see as essential to a decent life).
• Operative Values:
These types of values are the ways that
we make judgments on how to live the rest of our lives.
We use
these values as the overarching and guiding principles which tell us what is always right and wrong.
For example, integrity, Honesty, and Loyalty.
Other many sources of
Values.
F e l l o w workers, R e gi o n s of Country
Family, Friends, Law, Profession, Society at large,Employer, Religions and Beliefs,
Moral Principles or Values
• Trustworthiness
Respect
Responsibility
Fairness
Caring
Citizenship
Moral Principles or Values.
Trustworthiness
• Work
Work with little supervision, yet s e e k
guidance a s needed.
• Be honest, reliable, and ethical in all
dealings.
• Refuse to steal, misuse or abuse company
time, property or equipment.
• Refuse to lie,
cheat, deceive, manipulate exploit or take advantage of others.
Moral Principles or Values
Respect
• Value and honor
all people.
• Respect the
dignity, and freedom of all.
• Use good manners. Be
courteous and polite.
• Listen to and communicate
openly with others.
• Be friendly and Gied
cooperative.
Moral Principles or Values
Responsibility
• Show initiative, Pay attention to detail. Pursue
excellence.
• Be loyal.
• Strive to improve abilities, learn new skills and take on broader responsibilities.
• Be accountable.
Fulfill commitments, and get the job done.
Moral Principles or Values
Fairness
• Listen. Know your job. Communicate honestly.
• Consider all stakeholders and the
possible short- a n d long-term consequences of decisions.
• Be free of bias, just, without favoritism or prejudice.
• Use tact and courtesy.
Share knowledge, ideas and skills with others.
Moral Principles or Values
Caring
beneficial • Strive for harmonious, mutually relationships.
• Show kindness and sensitivity to the feelings of
others.
• Express gratitude.
• Show personal concem for others. • Take time to help others.
• Be kind. Be kind. Be kind.
Moral Principles or Values
Citizenship
• Understand and contribute to the
organization.
• Take care of equipment and
resources.
• P u r s u e life-long learning.
• Volunteer without expectation of
recognition or reward.
• Be a role model and mentor to
new employees.
Characte
r si like a tree
and reputation
like its shadow. The shadow is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing.
Abraham Lincoln
What is Character? WRITEI TDOWN!!!
The inherent complex of attributes
that determine a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions.
Enhancing Evolution
What are Characteristics of Character? WRITEI TDOWN!!!
Trustworthiness Honesty
Inspiring Caring
Fairness
Respect
Integrity Loyal
Confident Unselfish
Competent
Responsibility Courageous
Citizenship
Tact
Why is Character Important?
Warren Bennis says, "that after vision and
passion, /NTEGR/TY (character) is the most basic fundamental competency to b e a leader."
He further points out that Integrity is the basis of TRUST.
Who Cares About Character?
• The Age of Accountability
• The Importance of Family Values
KEEPING
PEOPLEA R EALWAYS WATCHINGI!!
mental
Impacting Moral & Character Development
Four major questions need to be addressed when focusing on character development:
.1 What is good character?
2. What causes or prevents good character?
3. How can good character be measured ?
4. How can good character best be developed?
Components of Character
Impacting Moral & Character Development
.1 What is good character?
Personal
- honest a n d truthful
• autonomous
• responsible
• self-management and self-discipline •courageous
• integrity
Social
• sociable •benevolent
• compassionate • courteous
• trustworthy
Impacting Moral & Character Development
2. What causes or prevents good character?
.1 heredity
2. early childhood experience
3. modeling by important adults & old 4. peer influence
5. general physical and social environment
6. communications media
7. content taught in the schools, etc.
8. specific situations and roles
Impacting Moral & Character Development
3. How can good character be m e
• Cognitive knowledge
• Age appropriate cognitive a n d
development.
• Values
expressed •Commitments expressed
• Written
plans
• Personal and social overt behavior
Impacting Moral & Character Development
4. How can good character best be developed?
Effective communication and
shared
values among families, schools, religious
organizations, and communities.
다?
Personal experience - Moral Values
" I have learnt through this assignment how to behave in a society with morals, values and principles.
• I learnt to be honest, reliable, and ethical in all dealings pertaining to my job and career.
• I learnt how to respect, people.
honour and value the
Personal experience - Moral Values
• I learnt how to strive to improve abilities, learn new skills and take on broader responsibilities.
• I leamt how to share knowledge, ideas and skills with others.
• I learnt to show kindness and sensitivity to the feelings of others.
G e n e r a lv a l u es y s t e m so b s e r v e d a
Classification of Values :
Ethical Values
Social Values Spiritual Values
Educational Values Professional Values
Ethical Values / Moral Values :
Concept - Right / Wrong Good / Bad
Virtue / Vice Influence the activities of Human being
Social Values :
According to Patanjali - Five "Yamas"
Ahimsa
Satya
Asteya
Brahmacharya
Aparigraha
Learning domains according to
Psychology
Cognitive Affective Psychomotor
Receiving
Responding
Valuing
Organization
Characterization
Valuing
Commitment to certain goal
Commitment to certain Idea
Commitment to certain belief
Organisation :-
Value system and behaviour
Characterization :
By value / value complex
Educational Values :
Activities -
Good Useful
Valuable
- in Education
SCOPE OF VALUE BASED
EDUCATION
CREATINGVALUE
BASED QUALITY
INCULCATING SOCIALLY
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR
VALUE BASED
EDUCATION
DEFINING INSTITUTIONAL
IDEOLOGY
PROMOTING ETHICAL
BEHAVIOR
DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
1. Physical
Healthy living
Dignity of labor
VALUES
Discipline
2. Intellectual
Punctuality
Truth
Scientific temper
Rational outlook
Quest for knowledge
3. Moral/Ethical
Resistance to
temptation
Righteousness
Sense of responsibility Self control
Non-violence
4. Spiritual
Purity, Tolerance Faith, Freedom
Co-operation Mutual respect
5. Social
Sharing, Concern
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
T h e moral relationship between human and the world around us in contrast to traditional ethics, which
concern with relationship among people only.
+ The body of moral principles or values followed by a person in regards to their total surroundings.
The needs of Environmental Ethics has
arisen as results of the following three factors-
1 . New effects on nature
New knowledge about
nature 3 . Expending moral concern
Environment
+ Your total surroundings: includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors
Ecology
* The study of organisms and their interrelationships with their environment
Sustainable Environment
• An environment in which the essential qualities of life are neither lessened nor depleted.
Essential qualities of life:
• Oxygen, food, water, nutrients, warmth, shelter,
Unsustainable Environment
• An environment in which the essential qualities of life are lessened or depleted.
Ecosystem
* An area with a boundary composed of biotic (living) a n d abiotic (nonliving) components, which
interact with o n e another.
기리
Ecological Footprint
A measure of how much land and water an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the
resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it
generates.
(aka how much humans impact a n ecosystem by their
use of land, water and other natural resources)