MODULE 9

INDIGENOUS FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY: KAPWA AT PAKIKIPAGKAPWA

Learning Outcomes
1. Gain knowledge about Filipino Indigenous Psychology, most particularly the core value of
Kapwa, by discussing the applications of the value across different contexts; and
2. Appreciate and realize the significance of Filipino Indigenous Psychology value of kapwa
among Indigenous groups in the Philippine setting through actual interactions with them.

Objective of the Module

1. To be able to discuss Filipino Indigenous Psychology of Kapwa in general as well as the
different Filipino values; and
2. To be able to illustrate the manifestation of Kapwa and other Filipino values among selected
Filipino Indigenous groups.

Learning Content
• Kapwa Psychology:
-Definition: Kapwa Psychology emphasizes the idea of a shared identity between the self (ako)
and others (ibang tao). It goes beyond the Western concept of the self as an independent entity,
stressing the interconnectedness and interdependence of individuals.
-Influence: Kapwa is considered a core value in Filipino Psychology, significantly impacting
various aspects of Filipino culture and interpersonal relationships. It shapes how individuals
perceive themselves in relation to others, fostering a sense of unity and interconnectedness within
the community.
• Pakikipagkapwa:
-Definition: Pakikipagkapwa is the social manifestation of kapwa, referring to how individuals
interact and engage with others. It involves recognizing the shared identity between oneself and
others and expressing this connection through social behavior.
-Influence: Pakikipagkapwa plays a crucial role in shaping social behavior and connections in
Filipino society. It guides the way individuals engage in relationships, emphasizing empathy,
compassion, and mutual respect. This concept encourages a collective and community-oriented
mindset, where the well-being of others is considered integral to one's own well-being.
 • Accommodative Surface Values: Accommodative Surface Values in Filipino Psychology
refer to values that are more accommodating, emphasizing harmony and interpersonal
relationships.
• Confrontative Surface Values: Confrontative Surface Values, on the other hand, are
values that involve a more direct or confrontational approach. They may emphasize
individual assertiveness and the readiness to face challenges.

• Pakikiramdam (Pivot Value):

A "pivot value" refers to a central cultural or psychological value that holds a key position,
significantly influencing other values and behaviors. In the context of Filipino psychology,
"Pakikiramdam" serves as a pivotal value, playing a crucial role in fostering positive
interpersonal relations, particularly within the family, and influencing other cultural values.

1. Definition: Pakikiramdam refers to a shared inner perception and heightened awareness for
good interpersonal relations. It involves the ability to understand and empathize with others,
fostering a sense of connection and harmony.
2. Role: Critical for fostering positive relationships. Pakikiramdam plays a crucial role in shaping
interactions. It encourages individuals to be attuned to the feelings and needs of others,
promoting empathy and understanding in relationships.
3. Family Context:
Collectivist Nature: In the Filipino cultural context, there is a strong emphasis on collectivism,
where the well-being of the group takes precedence over individual needs. Pakikiramdam aligns
with this collectivist nature by promoting a shared understanding within the family and
community.
Extended Family: The family structure in Filipino society is often extended rather than nuclear.
Extended families, which include not only parents and children but also grandparents, aunts,
uncles, and cousins, contribute to a larger social support system. Pakikiramdam operates within
this extended family structure, encouraging individuals to be attuned to the needs and emotions
of family members.
Filial Piety: Filial piety is a cultural value that emphasizes the importance of valuing and
respecting parents and elders within the family. Pakikiramdam complements filial piety by
fostering an awareness of the feelings and needs of parents and elders. It encourages children
to be sensitive to the experiences of their elders and to act in ways that uphold familial harmony.
UNDERSTANDING THE VALUES OF MANGYANS IN MINDORO
The Mangyan values in Mindoro collectively reflect a harmonious and community-oriented
lifestyle deeply rooted in respect, cooperation, and peaceful coexistence:
• Respect for Elders (Mano): The traditional gesture of kissing the hand symbolizes
reverence for the wisdom and experience of elders, fostering a culture of respect within
the community.
• Sympathy for the Bereaved (Pakikiramay): Expressing sympathy during difficult
times emphasizes a supportive community that values empathy and understanding.
• Community Cooperation (Bayanihan): Cooperative efforts without expecting
compensation, such as helping during the planting season, showcase a community spirit
that emphasizes shared responsibilities and cooperation.
• Industriousness (Kasipagan): Mangyans' dedication to hard work in agricultural
practices reflects the value placed on industriousness for the collective benefit of the
community.
• Strong Peer Ties (Barkadahan): Building strong social connections within the
community is essential, especially given the diverse origins of the people in Mindoro.
• Values of Fear of God, Kindness, and Harmonious Relations: Avoiding bad
language, promoting goodwill, and respecting others align with the values of fear of God,
kindness, and harmonious interpersonal relations.
• Blood Compact Ritual (Sandugo): The ritual strengthens bonds within the community,
fostering a sense of unity and affinity among Mangyan males.
• Superstition Integration: Integrating superstitions into daily activities demonstrates a
cultural belief system that guides behavior for ensuring good fortune and preventing
misfortune.
• Filial Piety: Deep respect for parents and accepting their decisions, even in matters of
choosing future spouses, reflects the importance of family values and filial piety.
• Elder Influence: The significant influence of Mangyan elders in community matters
underscores the value placed on their experience, wisdom, and unbiased decision-making.
• Peaceable Attitude and Reciprocity: A peaceable attitude and the promotion of non-
violence guide conflict resolution through peaceful means and foster amiable relations.
• Mutual Respect Among Villagers: Promoting mutual respect, even towards strangers,
cultivates a friendly and cordial atmosphere within the village, contributing to positive
social relations.
• Reciprocity and Non-Violence: The ideals of reciprocity and non-violence govern social
interactions, emphasizing the importance of resolving conflicts peacefully and maintaining
positive relations with neighboring groups.