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Bridge Engineering Notes

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Aditya Latkar
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161 views74 pages

Bridge Engineering Notes

Uploaded by

Aditya Latkar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
| tue S700 tus Main ANOS is ewdist b/w the ef of wrbeasing plates- heetn TTeabutmenrs, wing walls are no} (70V. eel. pone ( span ef berdge TS) Number of Spang aS. Sleasance ancl Preeboara — no ead ARDIUK 5 _ i UW | Discharg: a ae Ci 8 Lah) = _ a) of O bridge, 1a et seining looks Couidelboned) TSUs) Scour Pepi - \ Velocity of Mas | SU - Shyctare _ {oy 20s | “Bridge Inspechon ps 2) | classificaton of bridges __|2e | al peidge Beatings _ as ag) Evechion of Supstsiru chare (40 Las Pesting and _sengthening oF bridgs (a) aS) Design of Baidlges Chorces, shel Specifiel) ys Las) Re loading \SO i 2| Miscellaneous? sopies Gnd QUA [sa @ check dhe olesived shape cls of tunnel t's checded@ &m=I5m inte ctHt ot Lningin mm ¢ ee Tannel FD SSQd . He. — Soft sock U prrrenonin dynarnne Ht rock Tum Sighted by CamScanner Way _bensoth, —_ The leer ig e Qe passage Qatriage of 4) Goss 9 footpath s “and even for opt Tai ay = Seay ny ae wide. | \eenbiicaten OF bysrdges i- 410 have Unifseny poli sy of Du Y mbeting the cvoss dai. rrAGe Works Dong gq highway 1 the Inchion road Congress Cree) have PPS pared Code Tee F1971 fou idenkpiy Ing OF No the Calverts Gnd bd 3 the numbering is Gone in SAP ase d In Pra chon. sero) Onder, the m. ‘eing | Namepater indicaky kMs in Which the Sts Siluald nd the eno minepor Indicate the _EM- Send no- oF git wise — The pe: of sj" is insbriked Near the jsp hi le [hond side porapal wo! GD seen hy Teod oe end Glevaken when QPPTCAchIng StF ULSES 3D Fram Sach | Qire. for Hummbering. ! SP these is Touling sapasade pillars da Consioucey fi Requirement of an idea) ydge + aie, —> SPPicient and efrechwe - suPery: and) Goavemisnce si = ScoHomsed) and_aathehcally Sound = t Scanned by CamScanner = sh Sonnechon wath moades- _peoper Vink bel reads ong 7 | | SHHEY side of o Tver d nok heavy ek SHY ___ fer_appsoodhan of tiga : _ 2\ | Prechoond;- wT _—4 if bsidoe cile ued for nowgahonas purpote, ____ ssn silt Shouyd have Suspicion: Preehoard fos a | [Link] ot boats: ships or shearers. : a) firm Smnbankments os ver banks 4 rc =, Should be firm high permanant solid, sywarght and tei defirad, also thy “arene arurbed St the Nme oP heavy Ploeds and Dot Woud tp Coumse of Tver to abr. | _ | foundation i: ‘goed found? Are Avosiable QF wongHable depths. | Marge istestarions: 7 SI AREY Should hot he Contloance of \erpoe prbuyores. fee vicinity of baidge silt. MaTepas Ghd Tahours _ ae should ‘se fesell ond easily Croll Goll Scanned by CamScanner ond aa Ie Fothe ee bwidge. —— Such Crossing is ENO ad viqht Sogled OF SGae Ss newmel Sresaing. a SS a) SCSUNAg Gnd giimgi: There is Min. or Ne Seung and Silhing. + WY Sealant Shetch of Wier = St WE Wer shod have Shou! TeAD Jght SEh over g SPO long Arstance op uls and dis de. SNsur sMdOth 1% Sows SHG: Fld ang unifom Flow ang thy Aeat ralie- mis Havigahon - Curved ghetch ns} Neloctty, of Pou}. | West Ve _stoala be betes Tange oF HEve Scouring, NAMortsyey, Non-siWing and WIdth of Wer ie Indicoks lengh ob badge Fe be rol and leis g ie SWBHoM ico} Con: mira gq. stseatm Is wel) Sehined ang SS Marnevs as _Passibh Scanned by CamScanner chesciate 4 | ' | %) date) | 2 Peg n—— ( “suneys for bridge sey Suweyz ave Condusted ip Ss staged: S| Reconnaissance ov fechnico) Feaaibilihy stage- — In this Sobre length of the wiver te studied G _[eand no: of probable Si2S Sl o-oF Factors Sulshed for Sach Gye are noled andl those SiRF WhICh SabsFy “Most op the [Pouourable Poctons Qt Purther inveoh gated An weyt stage. = Foi detail clong vith masts and denents yd sites Which aa Gilectod te Pint Slag. | —i_Ribw st of eahmakon shoold be within an 2S Final Cost - ioe ! i TY Surveys Ore Cormed qubk atleast |_ zoom te scom Oh UIs and qispalso ds sap An Wevod Aye: determined. ia 2 Detailed Some and project wepSTe Stage t Ub oF VOMOUd Aliemnahver The Anal sles lof badge cile is mode (In this Stage Sehalled Inver qahong wrt CA Hems or ToPMed Out, such ay ground Survey, soi] SAplovah on hydrological) Aglds Rewed SF cond, vol™ of happic aly design, Aetoied estimate, return on Anweopment, Const Shedtite etc Scanned by CamScanner | One SS er ( pogfeck wepert shoud be pyepaved in autha soy thot jhe Sanchon oP the psoject issued, Rands can he Vloted 5 field Crgdnisohen can sek ps and the WoWk weqawding _pseparahen yf Tenders canbe immediately stared!’ Finally he _pooject yepert is poe pared : Containin’ Pollowing drawings and Neceosary derails i Geichment oreq Maps _ [This maps is prepared From the dopogsaphica) THAps of SuTrey oF indig te scale 1: gesce ARI Jit indicoks cakchment ag likely to Contrib Was OF the budge sik- 3 lt helps in Seargn discharge ‘oy using some psoper flood) Formulg. ! Gniour mapr= 2 BIE should ver Suppicient distance on Sither side SF kapas sife so oo te give Clear ideq of Featases affecting location und dengn of lmdge. PSB Recording fe IRCatst tovere q by plan ob either side for catchment aseq isi- coicthment area distance Qovered- SBEM> Yoory | SEM*to1S EME SBLOMH PASEMP ye) pa Syem? i I L CVOSS- Sechons,. | ii: i Te Prawn fo scale'. Howeonta) Scale > to and vetyca) scale > 1100 fe gives inPowmatbon lire low waler/ level, Ord (nawy Flood jevels'¥4-PL,Hlver ked ling Sot | alo. Scanned by CamScanner Si longitudinal sechong . | Brawn Swghhy with’ Cenbe like OF the deep inbr] A Soil_ Presi les- 7 index map. I foe SMA} TivETS -.gd00'- | lange wives 112.0000 . SHE SMILE olleonaiie sf tovent gated exist [somes oF communteahen , qenerey jepography, 4 MST HY jOOHS [Link] , Geoqnaphie locaken Lor bridge etc. : fo [Ghana oF the Por them | D|_Saper eho ckare + J The Cornpenents OF bard ge Shove the level oF StHNGS TW Considered OS Super shuckyre of [he lowidge- Te consists of beams, qitdets, arcohe, Gh PATApSh walls, Mooring, guard stone, handrails ere - STP To) By Rdjeining Slruckwe- J The wrmponents of bridgs [ike Qpproachey, * [guard Sines, beatings, ter training works like quide bunds apwons ee ate adjaining att. Raproaches of badge; = =H Ate Span Sr spans Gnneckng The obubment With the main span gr spans is called Fy SI Prints Im Connechers with approacher ; . ny * Scanned by CamScanner a STP the Qpproach Is In Filling it ts 4o he sen Asc the beyre pits ase not very near to the SMbankments Ga there ave changes oP 119) Row el ng evioped Which may Sven Sndanger | the Safely of the embankment proper. | Sonspruchont- Tie sel it ts Shvoays preferable to have onpsoadss {ne sother than fy Gallina. Ip case Ie Span _or_Suopensign_bridee | \ex} ——A the Soi} uned foo Milling Smbankment ts coreiplie Selected Z wD Gosh. 1 >| Gst_ oF cons} of Qpprsaches fs Considered fo be pavt of lsnidge prasect ItselP. | 1 4)|_ Gawature). —p AP they a situated on camvabire, le shad be smooth and BODY i felis Brtensron of: kndige 5- \ | Bem poowiding been sub=shouctuse Jo uppmeda| the ‘bnd 9 is extended Ine banks Pep some quistance- the exended porbon however mayinot hae peony; ai |Same type type of supen-st? on bedlg 7 3 Gradien te Lay — Joule heh have Gradient wpa Generally lir80 to lin ay Qradient «& ope Scanned by CamScanner r - o \ ao eles x oo SS OVS. ww ink woolls Ts! YY The Stmobankments oF appsoacheo Ghul ke— GEN Joined with badge und ibis derrebiee COHSITUCY Joint Wall In been Mal nlenance:. ! APEY Should be in such Loy thah Consig's oP Mary mo tenance. ts : QM Varath ang lengthy —I the approaches shoud bematly be made wider an bd ge ee [ms—? fs pew rpc, the Approachen ehould have at “east 4 min? Steaught length of ism on eithes Side of a bsidge | —p_length muat be increased ip Qaue of Provide min. | Sght Gista me For the Gear gn. Re | Beonomice Span of G borage MBs-|| The cle ist. beher Successive ‘hetdge Support| is FHOBN Os Span FP Mss SPSS eS SS oe >| The Jerm economic spa is used de Ind cals the Span whith fs QIOPIEG , owingds down he Foto) Cost of budge fo Min. WTE VOTIOUD faciost! pesimpiiens += > a i | soidde Gnsists oF equal Spans. The bwidge is AN Arch bridge ov qirdenbade. Dre Cosh of Gbujmens with pound® is Rely Constonf Air one plat MW THe st Of Supers fructice per pan yaries dived OS the square & [Link] aasumPien ts Lased . Scanned by CamScanner 2 | - as rm fl : d i Saonomic Span cost oP Hue Sate = cask cfrec} =——) [BM os BIT Span. 5 he! Pe Gate oeperalie TZ - : = restaltht : — i sp = att 4v Y's length of one span fo (Bionemic Span of Kridge is one fp which E CoS} OF Suppos bing Syslom of ONE Spon = togt y E SR Coste oF L plen tails Found = Cast oP Supes-€t per Guan | ISR cost LF ore pier lth found >= oneshalP oP ast” | oF oo Spans which it Suppowb: | fo: oF Spans of q bridges Sit chould be decided Goesideming Puce, \| Mieonajve propesas | ‘ SL S-4 propesals ast peteqeed Und oulOr ahh MOSt_Sconomicad ts TeCommendad. I] Al Poundations Por pier. SS Gad “ne: oF Span ib ts Asicable js adopt odd he- of Spans Ss _the velocity of Mow is highend ot Cenke on =| Shannell bwelge fie Lo SIP It veeve mot done then. Per leqaded OF cenfre “lis Alwectly hited by swikt valerand Teoult to Scovnng of Pound? below | z Io | Spans 4: oe ‘i Hit is desirable te have Span 5198 89. possi! {22 ho: oF SPARS Oe Tip. 1D Mounfanoun seglon whee Wecity ts ‘ferrenbo) Jb voll) allow Smeal POHSANS g i Ge | or Scanned by CamScanner i ee : ~\ | The abutments ang PI8TS Cous® obstsuctgnis— MAA Mod of Wer op ShEQM TEEOUITS iD TEdh G Lote Crake!) Of siven Os Shean . 7 —] Rence Neleciy OF Reo under the bsidge tg > \ ineweoseg GQ LH_Q_Mex® Hood chischar ge. Zz Due to TEM Of Hadad Walernay rater evel Nes—l| atse on ulg SIde OF sbv eam Is own of APPlUy ibis deD\TAbJe TEED its value as far od possible to [MESS Gvegior the ApPlux. geeclen vail ke velocity OHA yscoler vail be. depth OF _Scous. | —Namerteale Pr-2¢2 @ _# | Clearance and tree hoasd Toe erm Vesheal Clearance is GKeQ Xo indicale Ahe vethen Aid. behasen Abe SPUNANG levet SF ach or bottem of oindes ang the higheat los a love). #2 —| the tevm Sxesboord SF any paint 1s Usd fo E Todicate the Qipp. beh s+ OP HPL ables ollewin Sos Abu, iF any ang the PoeMahon 208) oF ood embanEMEDt on the APPIOGEL OP fop leoe) oF Quide bundf af that point | —>|_ Thre ‘frechousd is Provided belon kdge for i GiNewing bow APPlan, Moaiing Webs Nos gqhar é > Evoy {sions Pow Preehoard t+ : frech \ages — _ Sogo MN isisstSy eg = __SOOMM to Qoom: =] Vigh lave) owidges — coomm i Paviqaukl wivers - ASS MM fH SSCS MN vr aith metallic bearing » sos mn Scanned by CamScanner \ t i = ye classote -| Ave avch bsldges, cleawance below-cron OP | ntraclog - reps fa —=b_sleamance = fan taal depth of ok peice ord : ie l ; . 4 Max Hood discharge or High flood feue) — > The highet ood leve) of reales ever wooded) of _Salowated 4s Flesd) is codled HPs ts Caled Low vsals Lese) | I —p IR theve is Qh exishing. food o voll way beid ge OF Quive AE Same _Sheqm and not vey - Pov Qvaty from the selecled site best meang Fl AScerkainihg the diseharae is! ea). Prom tbe Sata ollecied ‘by “Personnel , ip _Ploce oF Flood __ STs loosed Bead leve]_ebba ned) dus} na_cley Grate L) [MaPES lest on the -piend abutment ¢ channd Sandr i ‘ i J | BB. || Dischargeiin Ole Min. Verheal /eleatante in tm pr ; i ‘| Roadd: bid ge Rodway brite! 1 £030 7 7 ASO | eto [0:80 t0-80 uso. "Goo 3 Bod to BO f S00 Goo | 4 |: Bo To Bod | goo ch 1 B6O “LS Qo to 800d! Hit javo {260 © 23000 ‘ _ASD0 4800 —Sarcken Formula Qs ch F. cues C= aac Fr fy Ryves Rovmulg O=eR® ewete | SL —h Inglis: Method - R= FOoolh~/WofAateo. ey CMaharanha region) 0) = pebuiqlhe ct icmal ORI Scanned by CamScanner Length cP beidge i J _SISEANce elween Inner Pace oP fos ahayo— is Solled the lengths of a budge LL) a teidge (Ly Lengbly Of buidge= inna) trib \ is — hee, I= ceqr span, bow diheh pike, M-~N= Tota) ne- OF PISS ; = HonoP span. aT _ Grip Lengths i wi | Septh OF foundahon belows max scour depth 1S Known Qs gvip jength = hence Gep}s of Pound® of Gbulrent ond pier is fept [Tere than. Scour depih | Qvip length gyfer Road bridges Lvs oP ne ST &) Bor Railinay bridges > ip of XS : “ i Pee Osochgps in reoishin herizentos forees aching Op pier ov GbusmeEnt due te lalewa) Carts prensyre4 af Linear toukmaay of a badge ae i feeq uncer a bridge trough which the veep Plows is coiled natural walemary of budge. foe lp. and biq bridges , it should be designed to CATHY LODHAT A the Hme oF MAA” Flood discharge The lenges of badge available Lester Sixpeme alee OP a aie surpce oF the bighent Hoo: Jmeasuved at isto obuiment Paces (s Enon ay fo Lod = {4 t Scanned by CamScanner SS clhssmate | Dee ) = \endoeinty “R= QA vohere A= toalenoay (pm. ‘ QEMaA? Plood Aischenge |g] | | Ne Permissible velocity (mis)! ‘ meee Linger Waleneay F te +L length or Wneqr wai “Sa C= fxg, depth of vaqlor "TR pIenS oF Inlermedigl® Supports ate prowided aan SH ___ Linear rogieniooy= sum Of UL Glear Spens | => eatse Called AebRicral ipror ea (ables Trnlge| const} _— Lirkat lsatencay For Qiuvicd soll = an Si sing laceys peqime formu) d i —-- [sce] = cig -- WES a) \inear toatemiay is TH Heys Constant voAsV _4-F jo 6-3 ASoign Cuschange (fhed) Sls . = SEC \ineor, Walestoay = TentineP wer bed) —[obsF | _ Fe Flow like prer totdth) % Bridge alyanment | Aspects of budge Which: corepully Stud ted ax! | fF) Ve 3 sin Willy Q@se041 1b I's not possible Je quoid ee | Glighrment SF bwdge en cuave, Ip sith Cales_ [tis necessary to adopt 20-0 g eieel [Sivdess fom ihe supyrspuciyse @ op possibe 18S Gis SP ipisin ts ME jo Cenbe-line of iver | Z| Conywo] of WEL woith Guo led HEL Scanned by CamScanner chsvute®\ i “ibe deni SD OR wd ge with advense ali “ ‘can be Bearcat) made. ts mie S| Wek “BRhect of SI ag opel Scousn gis Ts|_Necensavy precauhons ae taken to Toalng dann 1 |SiWog aril Soueing = be _ tal, Seng Laltgnay A) | Layout of Appoaches t- | TE the Srrshog Toad Alignment is aE __|Wesults {hp aninelined alignment the eutved SEbBppreaches may be adepied 4s fowrm Dabt Js \parg\ed oy squar Crossing. yt River evaining Woplss s- rel : \t eee iver fpoining works aald be = |Rannied oud to Form whol are Rnoion ag node) points \-e points ef min: displacement=/in a Syde BPStaenary wares, Along the bridge: Alignment. ods) point ts defined athe lecablon whe LSE yew Teqims Goes Ook-psmmadly sbi Pt - sant os dt io pete See Indgeny S For Od possible , SEES, Ericlgen. should be jlanoided yi Cait J igeew! Show d te. weahiced fs ot ra weak Mees i mt it River Poainin “eat 6 MSO P heavy W1Pond x Plood discharge, sischonge JOUw OP TET OTL be UnceTdan. and HOLD UPVUPpose OF iver two. Diy OTS lailiise: the mee chanhe) olanga Hedialiqnment voith queentain og, Scanned by CamScanner - i ~ len ehscmute ae) _ cs air iii ” . SiEnsurs min- depth oP Plow of Rae for Navigation . 2X To grant pociechion 4s approach embankments by qWhlechhy the Tver And avoiding thetr t [StOSi9n. | Lis\) To prevent surrmnding Inhabited ond Witvakd i | taney. | ' 4) Me prevent Sver Peom Changing {ES Course | |. “Tond thewby te Stast Fening addi de the Conde) 1 |-Ste8 works. _ S| 29 provide min aeptts op tives ob the badge | : [site so thot Gnsfdjs done ssmectbhy € ctenaniy “Methods | - | GohoPis 1+ ry J when meanden'ng of Aver eulops “Year F te_-Sxkeme Cong? in shape ef hair ee) Fis [bend may graduoliy atsindle tog _” sub-orre & f i Haste neck Which may easily Cut by natural Mosd Flows. . iF) Vmbankmentss~ —{ They ate Construtied [12 4o tho ee Banks pts the height @ am it may be eithess- ad | Mergind) embankments: | —s| trey Qde_closs 48 The hanks to provide adequale _ yoolenday Auring Monsoon iaeq sepperedon sues iB | Retived TE MbANR MENS (ca) phere ore ci ETE Ta ea \_1Q.uvooyy =e 2 vee avis pal eben ba i | L Wo. ve et tT bok foo | Scanned by CamScanner oy Vaal ehssstel | (Vu | Qa—=7) a a = = SL these ase used Where de) whew is made # poe an A Siratght Ain +hwou gh _@ Teshiced Wareraay. S| consists parts gb dls curved bead. Ed/s cuned bead , og) Shank 1-& shaight porkton Jeng tse curved heads Pa) slope and bed aR. ot lite J Amp ae itu Pr lcorvatuse a4 heads i >» Us side => porte lyse od ods sides. Padius oP gs CuTVEd head = 1 hoes Uls cuned fad Elen dbs! iveenot), Te Uls. side —> lo longer ban Tength of bags Buia s sick Auth of ce leon eel eee ct P Slaeisio Sere {vate [Becboand] tap mip hlSer Br ‘ fed sit Watt cin dhe jecied (hn Saha AA hal De oie hanna) BToang ae vd ved S soratss Ty SS0r ra m1 . il Slagle "i pe Eas made Shen iver andutt 1s. Qestted tp) Change 1bs_pestfoy SCe AON AIGA) (SIANAS Aye Created on side by pithy ONES tins =k 2 1D eA Vengtn oF “aver ts-cut _ eet OPS 2A 401.2.) [AOPRNAtng OH | Sapa plithing 1s dene wlth n baicehlges forusisaced Se Scanned by CamScanner trent SF oli ‘null frans verse Jo ahvee Hea Sig MD bank (nin amwew is coiled Spurs os | gsm INES OF fmansver se chy Ss) Record ng te PArpost Bikesthing spur aelecty - In depih In =) eaused due io | Currents of 8 Bed otenied Align me — Lacey's regime ne equation + cee) ; Me : | s Scous ae ) ape | ep | S—earef aye} —— TOS n> EE Favret Fl t6f0ig * 7 | Apbevey. + formed Septh ef seout in mses to HBL ity. o£ QE Atschange In Ms, i f= \ocey’s silt factor fh= mean Gia- of ted mebtal 19 pm | fos Mafia) Steams, mox” scour depth is ANE unifert and its obstned by whe 1 hy Sean = max. Stour dept, R= constant, — Scanned by CamScanner A © thew M4 & eee — Z >, Snstants Py mo depth of flew i | & bet A | | 7 se Cra, \ | ] / Li_ceneivtion! of lous ]walve op Re op \ | Por straight teach [eee ta a eee '2 | At moderate bend | eso | mgs 9 Fig |IMusharp or Gvere bend: VES 1 mescee \ Pa] AE vighe Angled 1-215 Led], 4-50, 7 [Sop Re ls noses of Quidehots oes, [77 iss fy the noses oF bridge pig] 2200 | IF Lei ity) wid tone n Meer veater reg L © vod Ts jes than the seqime |_| Septh, the walue of 6 with Conbacted wale way ys Given by 1 —— (reo) i aod = G RUE | Whee, FSS | Sis _mowwas Vepth oijh Qnbacted wadbernay | WE Laeyrs yegime Width of aver. * | Le width of walermay below byd ge. \ Gz Pood Gischarge in Mis. i —Numencols PN-2395@ [ 4 | Neloctiy oF Rowt- —=zllahe velotity of Plood Can he delesmined by — 9} Acjua) Shservahon Gusing high Ploceds | il Use OF emperica) formula * |i MAING Velocity observaten the Selecikd “Sach should be shay'ght_UniPorm @nd rensondbly i jong 2 Following ave methods for this purp® Ke 1)! Measurement OF Velocity by Pisat : 2 THIS methal Is Simple and Keirly accurngie. Ta the Nelecity is measured ky DOWN 9 the me _| —j-Feken by Floats to fransverse a meas yred Mstence. ss Ueleo thy in _m/: 4 =p. SE tan evel by ta —__*" Scanned by CamScanner The Ploake may be Pallewing ty part: 2a ® Surface Ploats bs Subisuthace fee cS RSQ floats Q Dsl Pleads’ = Measurement of velocity by poesstve nsf: —|_ These Inshument: based on -punciple o' “at Dpeenvaton of KE Jo PB jhed eae |_peensuse head. V= Cv xtegh Pitot qube where he stagndien head Cah) — stake head tH) ) = Meandae ment of Vel oath} by Curren) waler, —>| By dbis device Velocity Can be Meastted “accuvalely and cenwenienty i { | a _ i — i I I i i ; Scanned by CamScanner ta “sub: sructures 1 laan dn oh eba ali nya np pee Senet rl jhe End Supports of o bridge supe dhed i s 7 [Krewn as an Qhurments: TH An abutment ts provided fora 7 =| Te finish bridge So thot it-Can be put for be. To TeAty earth Filling -|_ pe AvAnannit the reachon of Super-sfouchine jo foundation. 'n | WY pes of Ohutments witha | PN Recording fe layout In iy vohen shui ments de tol: ar watts: ! St Abutment with shaight wing Walls Dahis axe unsuitable for budge salth waenaay oo the Floding woner 1s ky te damage -emban ben feahind the wing walls BY Rougment ith splayed taing walls —t qiven smooth entry U exit oF iscir undhe fe ina f- eeu ue S| Boutment:s laljh horn ting Eailane ae splayed) _> =] also Colled Y-obutments . In this Cosering | adits are | fo _cenbe-line oF kmidge Gnd such D OHUFMENES PTOEBIe Fo he -SCemonomical Por “aver havin ng-sistp ancl moobey banks and net Subjected eposton. ie! bob Det saljobh\s fos avers suhiscied “to hea aril Pleas. 1 plies 2 bg 1 Saat e phen ahukmente ate. witha using alls te Wipe a ewe = Scanned by CamScanner SulJable Por tank witha alps ot aii R a Peete an OF F-abutment Support the bsldge Bnd i es Hem Camres. Teadway Por some Qeb- ae + UAGy, a [the embankment of the Byer. nto ~ sb Stratahe ob aioe =I a Recording ts fy pe of Syuper-Spuchite, _ 2 _Mulment fora qinder bid get - : S Bhutmebts for arch badge — I Perces on Shut Mens | »|| ve load SUT Charge | F Sein CDG Ss Ypuc}ure - S| Peachye SETS S\|_ water prensuae. =| lolnd lead x WeQhigi\e hence not Gnelkel| Qi] Piers 3 —y_Imer media Supports of a “enidge Sopa | Steuctyte are Enown ag the plens. i —} The opty purpose oft psouiding pier is ts Aivide the tora) lengiy of beidge inte suited) Spans volth min. Ohsfrychon fo sheam or niet PY Pes OF plrers ‘Column bents i /AAopled Wher lengltad Leams on ginders ate closely spaceg. 7 Scanned by CamScanner e e EE Sasi - aT v Ore ‘se i a Gylinder benbs 1. Seonareh OP Mrs Gylinders connected by the hewteonia fand Glagonal bracings. Concree 8 poured tn Cyllichs t k 1 W Doh bell piers th 1 JTRappied When supesshudure of jasGge 1s SUpporkd [Gn boln aiscens. t Sl reba MEO: MEE > simple in Const’, Wight td [NST Tech Suitable for welt Pound. \ _ W]_pile bents:- [in this Case, Supastuckne is supposted on pilea [@ pile cap Is psowided Miep of pile te Connect pip) J Osed for lao pets ave punsiohle oe muddy grud Dl SeVI Piero ones cue | S/T consists of pers of ‘Is side | _- erage ailing ___ ite tADorany Or Ce OF So et [Seahion Thraught entre length ee lot pte: Gaba Die, side Sle can be Used] Pow any tye + Cat-vater and 25s-e- ogi lok Syeesfruciawe and Qie ae _ cement resistance to the achen sk Pleading bodies “S) Phe ends Ow nese of pier on uls ts g eds side is curewgiew. Estee a Tm - ‘DApestle (5.9 foamed _pior and: Consishs of heyy OL) Netyeay ahd diagonal Member): TA] Ose FA Ror foridae alone wladugh Onin Cane of Scanned by CamScanner Hcalltston!foad one ye: Plens HAY HED NPA AS 4o Cartagfisay "eq! 4p Toookeid S00 FM apse ts HSiqherinelinaken of Gtagona) member Usualfyr yovers and elevated reads.) ves i) \ | Forces Oching On a pier = | AY) Reachon from saperstou chite im i W) Seismic Lood ith Toachve effort - fie he iv) ater’ prenstae i= ip r a) DYRAMic |ebhect Geuloped duets telocity OP 0qbr ~ 5)| Impact pressure dye fo cross Currents which Ge set up'at kottom of piers: S| Stabe pressure due je head of valor Wi Vind Toad MEE vi) RBuoyanoy OF Submerged port of pier/ sabe” ahth _san be neglecied for piers anchored do tetks by dont: Vi) Poross dus jo Calision vessds jm Navrgahe rivets” “Vis Longitudinal Porcen due fo tenistdnce Tn BEAN, T= @)_Abutment “plent- = MEs. —S In Case of arch: beidge having NeoPspans, everf aorg pier Is ‘denighed to nigh the(nclined yeachon due te dead load on ao side Gnd no JooN on other aide. such pleeis Enoonr ap s Qhbut ment pien- 3] due to this Get? of arch badge fs comied all In ssc, speedily ang Seenompecdly. ott phe sfPect Of fallure of Qny gr 3) des Any _reago.s, can be eosily eh oH Terng voal|s t~ I The abliment Can be sitser bysted bp lbs pre rs cane of Sfposed Qbutments’, the walls ‘shy f eo wt Tt tp erie & Pace can ke lett posed - Ecled an eithGe side of an Glutments Jo; support: QnA prdech embankment Are Enaido Ad the 1 4 Sy They. _pwovide smooth entry into bridge'sife and oing “walls Pal “[ESuppers 4 peolect the embanEments:. ” +] Typed s-_ D_stexight wing walls i] Return wing vsalis i ' | W__Splayed Wing walls. | | | y [esp Hole ab dip levels ave proved te dels = They ave provided OF vertical interval of im& ORP-voater LICH GEkS_ACceps 4o the earth Fillings. 4 d hewaental spactng am. | i the Main Om ts to Assure Safely » Seonomieal #| Beid ge Tnspection:. -[-plapning add _protechen of Mabyona ‘west. SJ The Syishng system of badge: Inspechon 4 Thdia ts based on Mand) for Maintenance ANd Inspechion oP bid ges {pwdolished_{h TERS S PilS-147Ss. by, ERC- : 7 Berge inspeghon Js | Tope Smee in-G Pow the sid gar the Inepechens -cnes Clansify jp as seoutlne jnspectron. \n-de. gpechion > ie Specie) Inspestton oie # aLagh Scanned by CamScanner “Recording ts Madera) Uaad. ‘Ree and Pee bridges t Asi or stone magenary bridges ix Timber beid geo: ehor Steel_byyrdges Ce-s howrah betdge) + ‘ Phe vooaden Read betages ane clansiPied an [Hemperaty footages Os per Tp c ksotel ge code ANA Aevigned for Class B loading | Compe atje betd gag | Recesding te pesifen of brid ge Fleons. Ky | Deck bo tages:- A =! In tis superstructure of bwidge is EHS HPL and formaten level accomodated with ( [Swkoable clearence Jeeheam bridges are generally op tbe —_In this bela gs Pleowng is provided af jep of | Super-sfeuctaye & economical for highter lead sl Through bridge 3- i PPP hele Rormaton level G HE L{s nok ry Smosrspan. - . - 28 = SoPppicient to acco medals Saper-spucpse Super-shructue paglecied ahove formotan ev Sach badge Is through bardge. J Fisetng ts af bottom of Supen-shry chyae 4 ~conemicas for heavier lead. ie Senai- thsough bretdge 4 1 4 \nthis, Super-si" is partly Aheve Cpaek below formation jeve) . » Scanned by CamScanner Pepous' op: citeve icdece-type_fritlge iiss peducs fe ye leoo Horm toad: /> MD yi ap Hl_ Goessitreation of fade Qeeonding To: Inteitepar | [Peeiahons 1-1 i fp db Simple or beam pid es hog =F OIso' vertered Os [nlermedigle Span utd gee 1 AN this Span is imply Suppayed 1S yi deck cthsro tg). Semi-fyroagh ‘bad qs {- Wl Continuous berdasn:- =|_when the bridge ts designed te Conk nuecinbe Fen over iniewmediale Supports 1b fs said te he | Continuous betdge- ‘W_Smole Canhlever beidgese Lf |n this the Cant lever projecling Prony ithe saps tng piers - Abe ends of uidges iS re ated a8 fixed’ ends. it has Combines Qawanvagen oS seein . Span, —} pos. long Span; deep valleys and oF places where {voll not be: peach eable to use: Cenpering his [ype of badge is mo ost Suitobe . WW Ralanced: type Can even badee EES i Sn Abas: btn gen-O%eer 4 wl onfeablexuae oF ‘oF _Cankih nugud Span and a inknne a . ded bein Tato Gens iO" IPS oh Scanned by CamScanner pf Z va | How — _ginder bridges ie = the _arh rb and the ‘resembles besiand ohne — Pedpecki vel) I} Poss ng Tos one ‘and load jsforsnlted R lerch: Wb though Suopendens ! + hos zonta) thrust {s Trentsied by Feo ep cede [Support eachons gre vetheal in cane of arch betty wi w Rigid frame beidgen,- 3 \n this ype qonolithic _porral framed are enigned for the supersiy & Sub-gf. | Sugpension Bridger s- [thts ‘ove Id sot for losidqing gaps In hilly P their simple Const 47 and) Spapping \irqe Qaps - eHSIst of @ hanging Coble tabich fs vis Ondael Hits ao ends, cable jakes the e Shape ob of “Calenety teh! WOO Suspension points. the Verica) members are ENoWh ah Suspendas. @ ave Unually hoisted tolre-ropes © Connected lotth Cable by lcops side spants Maly span raVo voriad Prom iS iste ‘2 SSB Sepend ing Upon site Gnd. AChee ~Sayed: Iawid Gap 3- similar io Cable bridges xpce py taba ts No suspendess th the Cabie~ Stayed bids ANG Coble are Aipooty Shetc hed Prom Fowers to Copnect ith the decking, 6 Scanned by CamScanner \ bsiages - : Wer iets oN : o ( i i ne ere wd ltd ‘a sl] Recow ding. to Method of Qearance fev naw agky LUmovable but d ges] 4 x Movable bwidges are bullt ACross ‘Shanes! i), Baseule bordger == - : nd be ef Botte span is yolaled: in vertyea) Plant Oye had (oath heswentol avis. A Cat boat eid gene a ‘ | —> \n Fis ty PS super-siouctuse (< yeoting on boats | QMANged “ip such a way that some poshan of enhie _{SPap_csn be move on dis side with the help of Coole Attached to adjagent porbons . WY LiPe border. ; \ 2 1p this +y pe oF berdge, hse Span ts yereally \eted op by Means of suitable Qrrangement. oP” the pulley and Counter-op- a 7 Wl Swing bad gen a, 1 —|_ Ff centro) pier ts pyovided With heastngs w) Tollers,. _ asiigl —p The Sipsr-St? GF Ske) Arupsso cane Toigkd in hy hedeonta) plane © verical anis by sujtako oust 1 toa i t if Bae Sarai i-- 8 wats peree S ae PPro a5 “a JOveThead “Asuss vith the helpor [Link] whe 1 wepes ts +~oanspor}er Tes! dg ia “ z 4 _ Scanned by CamScanner ~“ Tra VETSING bridges. ae uae ah ge ib ts So Gpanged tha} the whole badge ty Rly of pavhally be Tolled Povwand oF kw. Hu [ward gerees the opening . Vt | 28 msl Plying bwtdges t- ee In thie, @ boat O04 TARE fs ghached to'g i | the baat moves Prom ene bank te the tther |by pressure enenjed hy cusrent of flod. | Suspended Cable oy _meqns OF Swinging Cables TAA Re) So arranged that the bese e 2 _Vasith obit of fous ndeq cable is sfetched Qoross the Tver & ept above HPL. I Accordt 2 length SF SPA OR As per \inedr Moqtern Culvert < 6m Miner bridges 8 “SH +O GOH Majow korid 92S > SoM Long Span bridges > loom - Ai 7 Culverts '- _f culvert ts dened as a smal butdge ‘co nstouctsd. Over a stream ‘Which temeings dry + for most patt oP the year. A_Culvertisthus @ Gross drainages having. @ Fotad length 46m Lele? the. faces of abut or Shroom ‘Ventvocy boundarten 12 Je Gyis of Venta 2 o : Ss a Scanned by CamScanner va Met Gel yee Ve War rete fy way et OH fie di yo hee tee oat ay er . ch yh ba® TAYCH Culverts fo) vie fe Adopted for Spas anh to &: q essa with ohhaiments waingwalls Si porapel hi Toasty ae 7 : ES Culverts) i eS \n this: rectangular re are ed of Masencl WRC. S Oe Slee). We; eee: Tt vetng wal eeiuce ad 4° clear vent hetght | Le Atstance bet bop and bottom of culvert NATE, MXKeeed St- cae dtd Pipe culvert: Tan) => Por Small Sheqme Crossing Te Toad or ratloay SmbankmeEnts One of More pipe May be placed te_act an the Culvert - f the Ata of pipe + Soomm. Vpvovided For jour Aischarge Upto _1e-md|¢_i 2 QL Slab Culverts i- = Consisis of stone of REC Slabs TEE Supperkd [on _Masanry Wolle on Sither, Sidé & are / Sconom cal for Shan upte 6m.) ene re aS Sceruppsss:- ie ths At ts. Cheapat Wee of Calwert € pratded Pav width upto Sam toe m5 = foe niet Toads. ee a Ty tae sib ate = | BUBMersi ble: aefdges pow Coug A Saunusay 7 hs (-Q, ISMN Sub oe Scanned by CamScanner PSS —TRrOUYyN 18S VENTS BAF EINWes Quving “Ploods- Tey ot GbOLE the bed level wobich voles Rosds to pans ovet ie&-po_span for fer “Tew Level camaoay.-o Dor Submersible beidges © a i — in this, Powmation level OF rood 1's rept | lAbove the HPL So ther mae: Plood “Soannt Le APREGE fhe HaPPle ow the badge“ > as} Rormation Lev= H.P-L + free board + Depthef girder, 1 . Reeling te Ute oR Gxpecied period of Sewers N/ Pesmandn bridgedr Seg Bcc or P.s-0 gee) bsidgan, Masenay | lewd gen: ; »_sererally tmade fox 2 xecution sg vencue-ops" SONA Support = 9g) | Accesdin ‘)) Boot wridges; 7 Super-si* {s_Sapposted by beats » the hoabs are longitudinally capnecied ly frupserd Learns Which are Hoon as the Quywales- i Penteon \svid gees. —+ similar jo, boat badge except that the porto! cAe_used 1A place SR boats G3 Support of te lonidge Rpsnteon ts 9 beat wits Fiat beleditg » [Sapestor to Boot bridges and can: oAZet Scanned by CamScanner

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