THE EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS OF BOHOL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-

MAIN CAMPUS; IT’S IMPLICATION TO THEIR HEALTH AND STUDIES.

BOHOL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INC. SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

IN PARTIAL FULLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF PRACTICAL RESEARCH

MEGAN TAMPON

JASMINE REVILLA

MYCEL RACOMA

MARJUN REQUIREME

JOEL SOMORO

QUERL NILUAG

MARLOU VARGAS

CHRISTIAN VILLARES

DECEMBER, 2022
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Nowadays, people are more engaged in cigarette smoking,

especially the young individuals in our society because of our evolving

world, many of them are being curious of what it tastes liked and what

would be the feeling of smoking cigarettes. Another factor that causes a

person engaging in cigarette smoking is because they lacked parental

guidance. Things that trigger a person to do cigarette smoking are their

emotions, social influence and family who smokes.

According to the latest Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)

report of the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO), 13.7

percent of those aged 13 to 15 years in the Philippines are using

tobacco products. This makes the Philippines rank 15th among the

highest out of 22 countries subjected to the GYTS. It is an evidence

that our government should give attention to it, with the participation of

all the parents, schools, health personnel and barangay officials.

Among young individuals, the shortterm health consequences of smoki

ng include respiratory and non-respiratory effects, addiction to nicotine,

and the associated risk of other drug use. Long-term health

consequences of youth smoking are reinforced by the fact that most

young people who smoke regularly continue to smoke throughout

1
 adulthood. In adults, cigarette smoking causes heart disease

and stroke. Studies have shown that early signs of these diseases can

be found in adolescent who smoke.

Smoking affects young people’s physical fitness in terms of both

performance and endurance even among young people trained in

competitive running. Smoking at a nearly stage increases the risk of

lung cancer. For most smoking-related cancers, the risk rises as the

individual continues to smoke. Teenage smokers suffer from shortness

of breath almost three times as often as teens who don’t smoke, and

produce phlegm more than twice as often as teens who don’t smoke.

(Garfinkel L. et al., 2012) Because of these issues, the researcher

would like to study the factors why some of the Bohol College of

Science and Technology students are engaged in cigarette smoking

and if there is any relevance to it to their health.

2
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to the World Health Organization reports (WHO), 22%

of the worlds population aged over 15 years are smokers and

approximately six million people die from tobacco use or expose

tobacco

With a cross-sectional population based study, Fotouhi et al.

reported that prevalence of smoking in residents of Tehran, capital of

iran, is 12% on the other hand, Jafari et al, found that among the

students of Tetran University, 35.4% of men and 12.6% of women are

smokers. In some studies on medical students in the developed

countries, the smoking rate was 16-21%.

Although many researchers are conducted in different countries,

there have been few researches on cigarette smoking in iran. In

another study, Ahmadi et al. assessed the prevalence of cigarette

smoking among students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The

authors reported that 16.79% of males and 0.69% of females were

smokers. It will be important to know how has the number of smokers

changed throughout the centuries, and what historical processes

affected it.

The next issue we would like to dwell upon in the research paper

is how smoking affects our health. It is important to find out what the

most widespread diseases among smokers are and what the

percentage of deaths from smoking is each year. It is important for us

to find out the

 3

ways of helping people give up smoking. Another issue is smoking from

the perspective and in public places and whether people find such bans

a positive actions.
 4

Theoretical Framework

THEORY: LEGAL BASIS:

Protection Motivation Republic Act No. 11346, An Act increasing the

Theory Excise Tax on Tobacco Products, Imposing Excise Tax
on Heated Tobacco Products and Vapor Products,
Increasing the Penalties for Violations of Provision on
Articles Subject to Excise Tax Collection from Sugar-
Sweetened Beverages, Alcohol, Tobacco, Heated
Tobacco and Vapor Products for Universal Health
Care, Amending for this Purpose Sections 144, 145,
146, 147, 152, 164, 260, 262, 263, 265, 288, and 289,
Repealing Section 288(B) and 288(C), and Creating
New Sections 263-A,265-B, and 288-A of the National
Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as Amended by
Republic Act No. 10963, and for other Purposes

Help to investigate the use of The use of this republic act to helps minors to minimize
tobacco among youth or using of tobacco or cigarette smoking.
adolescents.

There is need to assess the effects of cigarette smoking in Grade 12 students of the Bohol
College of Science and Technology in Terms of their Health/Studies.
 5

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In this study, The researchers present a conceptual framework

input, process, and output. This research was in depth study to identify

the effects of cigarette smoking of senior high school students of Bohol

College of Science and Technology; and Its Implication to their

Health/Study. The input of this study is based on the age, sex, strand,

and common reason of their smoking, what health benefit they get in

smoking, how smoking help them in their studies.

The study the process of the study involves the construction of

questionnaire and its distribution to gather necessary data in the

attainment of the desired objectives. The retrieved data were then

analyzed and interpret which were subject to a statistical treatment to

test the null hypothesis.

The output of this study is the action plan of the researchers to

accomplish the result relevance of the program based on the gathered

data from the respondents to help the senior high school avoid in using

cigarette smoking.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Responses of the  Construction of What action plan could
respondents in terms of: questionnaires be propose to help the
 Distributions of senior high school
 Age
questionnaires students avoid using
 Sex
 Collective and cigarette?
 Strand
REFERENCES
tally of
responses
 6

THE PROBLEM

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine The Effects of Cigarette Smoking in

Senior High School of the Bohol College of Science and Technology-

Main Campus; It’s Implication to their Health and studies.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following question:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of the following:

a. Age

b. Sex; and

c. Strand

2. What are their common reason of smoking?

3. What are the effects of smoking in their health?

4. What are the implications of cigarette smoking in their studies?

5. What plan could be proposed in order to help students prevent in

smoking?
 7

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be significant to the following:

Students :

This research will guide the student smokers in different facts about

cigarette smoking that will help them to gain knowledge and better

understanding on the risks of smoking.

Family :

It will increase their awareness on the effects of cigarette smoking.

By this it will influenced their children in avoiding any smoking

practices.

Teachers :

They can learn many aspects of smoking from this study which is

beneficial to their students as they could share through lectures /

seminars.

Community :

This study will facilitate change by making them realize the

dangers of cigarette smoking. Through methods from this study, a

comprehensive community-based care could be utilized.

Health Provider :
 This study will contribute to the growing concern against cigarette

smoking and provide them an additional data from assessment,

planning, implementation and evaluation of ongoing measures, thus

continuously improving current trends with regards to smoking

prevention.

Future Researcher :

The study will serve as a good source of secondary data to

further the investigation relatively to the effects of cigarette smoking in

terms of their health status among senior high school.

Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the effect of
cigarette smoking on senior high school students to their health status.
 9

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the

cigarettes in the health of the students. This study examined the effect

of two cigarette warning labels on grade 12 students perceived

advantages and risks of cigarette use, as well.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study correlational research. The study identified the

prevalence of smoking and examined the factors related to smoking

behaviors in Bohol College of Science and Technology. The

independent variables included age, academics success (GPA), self-

esteem, attitudes toward smoking, Grade 12 students’ attachment;

meanwhile the dependent variable is smoking.

RESPONDENT

This study is conducted at Bohol College of Science and

Technology Main Campus, that located in Barangay Sagbayan Sur,

Sagbayan, Bohol. The researcher applied the study at the specific

environment because it is one of the schools that shifted from

traditional face to face learning to modular distance learning instead of

online distance learning. In this study the participants would be Senior

high school students. The researchers would pick grade 12 students

from H.E and I.A students.

10

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Data gathering was done with the used of an adapted

questionnaire. The questionnaire was made based on the statement of

the problem. The first part of the questionnaire contains the profile of

the respondents which include age, gender, major, section, of grade

11 and grade 12 students. The second part was about the impact of

using cigarette smoking in terms of their health. While the third was the

significant difference on the cigarette smoking of student in grad 11 and

grade 12 students. There were 80 respondents of the study who are

student of Bohol College of Science and Technology in grade11 and

grade 12 students. This study were self-administered questionnaires.

They comprised of single item and multiple item questionnaires to

measure both dependent and independent variables.

The researchers would ask permission through a letter that would

be given to Bohol College of Science and Technology, principal to

conduct a study a letter of permission would also be given to some

chosen students which would be the respondents. After getting all the

approved letter the researchers would personally distribute the

questionnaires. The researchers would also assure that alI the

responses are confident.

11

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Knowledge: It is the level of understanding of students smokers

regarding on the effects of cigarette smoking.

Smoking: This is the practice in holding or puffing the smoke cigarette

or tobacco.

Smoker: A person who habitually smokes tobacco in 5-9 sticks a day.

Cigarette: Manufactured product made of tobacco that is used for

smoking.

Implication: Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung

diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Health: Smoking also increases risk of tuberculosis, certain eye

diseases, and problems of the immune system, including rheumatoid

arthritis.

Study: Study implies an attempt to obtain a grasp of something by

methodical or exhaustive thought to study a problem.

 12

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

Scope

This study was conducted at Bohol College of Science and

Technology, Main Campus Sagbayan Sur Sagbayan, Bohol. The

respondents were the selected (randomly) Forty (40) Senior High

School TVL-Home Economics and Forty (40) Senior High School TVL-

Industrial Arts of the Said School.

Limitations

The study was limited to the effects of cigarette smoking in Senior

High School students of Bohol College of Science and Technology

Main Campus SY 2022-2023 and Its Implication in terms of Health /

Studies.

Questionnaire will be distributed and interviews will be conducted

to gather information and data about the research topic.

 13

CHAPTER 2

PRESENTATION, ANAYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data

related to the hypothesis.

Profile of the Respondents

The profile of the respondents in terms of sex and age were taken

into consideration in this study to determine the number and

percentage of the respondent’s sex and age. Also, these were asked in

order to find out what particular sex and age the majority of the of the

respondents belong.

TABLE 1.1
Age Profile of the Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage Rank

21 and 2 2.5 3.5

above
18-20 30 37.5 2
16-17 46 57.5 1
14-15 2 2.5 3.5
12-13 0 0 5

Table 1, showed the profile of the Respondents of TVL- H.E and

TVL-Industrial Arts in terms of Age, Sex, and strand.

For TVL- H.E and TVL- I.A, the range 16-17 years old got the

highest frequency of 46 with a percentage rating of 57.5% which

ranked number 1, the age 18-20 years old ranked second with a

frequency of 30 with

14

equivalent of 37.5%, the range 14-15 and 21 and above ranked 3 rd with

a frequency of 2.0 and equivalent of 2.5%, the range of 12-13 years old

ranked last with no frequency (0%).

TABLE 1.2

SEX PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK
FEMALE 31 38.75 2
MALE 46 57.5 1
LGBTQ 3 3.75 3

For the gender of the respondents, it showed that male has the

highest percentage of 57.5% with 46 frequency, followed by female

(38.75%) ranked 2 with a frequency of 31 and LGBTQ ranked 3rd with

an average of 3.75% and a frequency of 3.

TABLE 1.3

Strand Profile of the Respondents

Respondents Number of Number of Perce

Questionnaire Questionnaire nt (%)

s Distributed s Retrieved

TVL-Home 40 40 100%

Economics

TVL-Industrial 40 40 100%

Arts

TOTA 80 80 100%

15

As shown in the Table 3, the researchers were able to distribute the

questionnaires to the senior high school students (randomly selected)

in Bohol College of Science and Technology, Main Campus. The eighty

respondents with TVL- H.E (40 respondents) and TVL- I.A (40

respondents) were equivalent to 100 percent.

TABLE 1.4

COMMON FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK

REASON OF
SMOKING
Feeling Sad 11 13-75 4
Influence by
Friends 56 70 1
Family
Pressure 12 15 3
Influence by
Media 3 3.75 5
Stress Relief 15 18.75 2
 Table 4, Displays the common reason of Smoking. This table shows

the following responses:

Item No. 4.1: “FEELING SAD”, it showed that eleven (11) with 13.75%

of the respondents were engaged in smoking because of sadness.

Item No. 4.2: “INFLUENCE BY FRIENDS”, it showed the highest

percentage (70%) rating with a frequency of 56 and ranked 1.

Item No. 4.3: “FAMILY PRESSURE”, ranked 3rd with a frequency of 12

and an average percentage rating of 15%.

16

Item No. 4.4: “INFLUENCE BY MEDIA”, ranked 5th with a percentage

of 3.75% and a frequency of 3.

Item No. 4.5: “STRESS RELIEF’’, rand 2nd with a percentage of

18.75% and a frequency of 2.

Table 1.5
Effects of Cigarette Smoking in Relation to Health
EFFECT FREQUENC PERCENTA RAN
S TO Y GE K
HEALTH
I am 41 51.25 1
having a
bad
breath
It 23 28.75 3
relieves
my
stress
It 24 30 2
shorten
my
breath
I become 10 12.5 4
nervous
I cannot 5 6.25 5
sleep on
time

Table 5. For the effects of Cigarette Smoking in relation to health, It

reveal the following responses:

Item No.5.1” I AM HAVING A BAD BREATH”, it showed the highest

percentage of 51.25% ranked as 1 and a frequency of 41,

Item NO.5.2: “IT RELIEVES MY STREES” Depects a percentage of

28.75% with a frequency of 2, ranked as 3rd.

Item NO.5.3: “IT SHORTEDNED MY BREATH”, revealed the

percentage of 30% and a frequency of 24 and ranked 2.

Item NO.5.4: “I BECOME NERVOUS’’, revealed the percentage of

12.5% and a frequency of 10, ranked as fourth (4TH)

17
Item NO.5.5: “I CANNOT SLEEP ON TIME”, showed the least
percentage rating of 6.25% with a frequency of 5 and ranked 5th.

TABLE 1.6

Effects of Frequency Percentage Rank

smoking in
their studies
Smoking help 5 6.25 5
me focus on
my study
Smoking help 6 7.5 4
me think well
so I can
answer my
assignments
Smoking help 10 12.5 3
me awake at
night
Smoking 28 35 2
shorten my
sleep
duration and I
became
distracted in
alcohol
Smoking help 31 38.75 1
me close to
my friends
and
classmate

TABLE 6. For the effects of smoking in their studies, it reveals the

following responses:

Item No. 6.1 “SMOKING HELP ME FOCUS ON MY STUDY”, it

showed the least percentage of 6.25% and a frequency of 5, ranked as
fifth (5).

Item No. 6.2 “SMOKING HELP ME THINK WELL SO I CAN

ANSWER MY ASSIGNMENTS”, ranked fourth (4) with a percentage of
7.5% and a frequency of 6.
18
Item No. 6.3 “SMOKING HELP ME AWAKE AT NIGHT” ranked 3rd
with a frequency of 10 and a percentage of 12.5%.

Item No. 6.4 “SMOKING SHORTEN MY SLEEP DURATION AND I

BECAME DISTRACTED IN SCHOOL” It showed the percentage of
35% and a frequency of 28, ranked 2nd.

Item No. 6.5“SMOKING HELP ME CLOSE TO MY FRIENDS AND

CLASSMATE” It showed the highest percentage of 38.75% ranked as 1
and a frequency of 31.
 19

Chapter 3

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

Based on the result, the following findings are being revealed;

1. The profile of the respondents, in terms of their strands in table 1.1.

The table shows that there were 80 respondents, divided equally into

two major courses of grade 11 and grade12, with 10 respondents in

each block.

2. The researchers also ask the respondents about their experiences

about smoking. In our data gathering the links between the use of

tobacco and health risks are well known. Most of younger smokers
reside in school which includes grade 11 and grade 12 students in

Bohol College Of Science And Technology, the focus of our school in

this study. Cigarette smoking among student is rising at an alarming

rate worldwide including schools. As youth make up a significant

percentage of the population to achieve the health objectives of the

school.

3. The study revealed that 51.25% of the respondents having a bad

breath, 6.25% cannot sleep on time.

4. Overall, during our conduction of the study, we can say that the

students is cannot protect their health and avoid the temptation of

tobacco. There’s some student that having habit of using tobacco. In

some ways they influenced of their friends, classmates, community,

20

family, others. The more influence of our environment we cannot avoid

to not take the risk of tobacco.

Conclusion

Based on the presented data, it can be concluded that smoking

prevalent among 16-17 age of respondents. They smoke every recess

time, lunch time are the most common form of taking cigarette of the

respondents.

Moreover, half of the respondents admitted to engaging in

smoking behavior, with a significant portion feeling unsatisfied about it.

 These finding highlight the need for interventions to prevent and

address smoking in the school environment.

Recommendation:

Based on the finding and conclusions, the researchers drawn the

following recommendations:

1. The researchers will make a program that will discuss the awareness of

cigarette smoking in terms of effects of the tobacco in our health.

2. Assessment of tobacco use- health care providers should ask the

students about their tobacco use (past and present). Training and

resource materials should be provided to clinicians and other health

care workers to enable effectively and non-judge mental assessment of

tobacco use.

21

3. Make a policy of the school that if they will get caught using cigarette,

they will be suspended in school for 1 week.

4. Put a prohibited no smoking poster every store near in campus.

5. Educate the students about the bad effects of the cigarette smoking in

their health.
.

22
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Attitude and Practices of Filipino Adolescents in a Tertiary hospital from

[Link]

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National High School

FACTORS_INFLUENCE_CIGARETTE_SMOKING-

AMONG_STUDENTS-OF_PAG_ASA_NATIONAL_HIGH_SCHOOL-

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