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Supernode Analysis in Circuit Voltage

1) The document describes a circuit with two nodes and a 10 ohm resistor connecting them. It uses KCL and KVL to derive equations relating the node voltages v1 and v2. It solves the equations to find that v1 = -7.333 V and v2 = -5.333 V. 2) The document analyzes a circuit with 4 nodes. It uses KCL at supernodes of nodes 1-2 and 3-4, then uses KVL at three loops involving voltage sources. It sets up and solves matrix equations to find the node voltages v1 = 26.67 V, v2 = 6.667 V, v3 = 173.33 V, v4 = -

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Chiliveri Vinod
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28 views5 pages

Supernode Analysis in Circuit Voltage

1) The document describes a circuit with two nodes and a 10 ohm resistor connecting them. It uses KCL and KVL to derive equations relating the node voltages v1 and v2. It solves the equations to find that v1 = -7.333 V and v2 = -5.333 V. 2) The document analyzes a circuit with 4 nodes. It uses KCL at supernodes of nodes 1-2 and 3-4, then uses KVL at three loops involving voltage sources. It sets up and solves matrix equations to find the node voltages v1 = 26.67 V, v2 = 6.667 V, v3 = 173.33 V, v4 = -

Uploaded by

Chiliveri Vinod
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1) Find v 1 and v 2?

Fig. 1.1

Solution:

The supernode contains the 2-V source, nodes 1 and 2, and the 10-Ω resistor. Applying KCL to
the supernode as shown in Fig. 1.2(a) gives

2=i 1 +i 2+ 7

Express i 1 and i 2 in terms of the node voltages

v 1−0 v 2−0
2=
2
+
4
+7 → 8=2 v 1 +v 2 +28

or

v 2=−20−2 v 1(1.1)

(b)
(a)
Fig. 1.2: Applying (a) KCL to the supernode, (b) KVL to the loop.

To get the relationship between v 1 and v 2, we apply KVL to the circuit in Fig. 1.2(b). Going
around the loop, we obtain
−v 1−2+v 2=0 → v 2=v 1 +2(1.2)

From Eqs. (1.1) and (1.2), we write

v 2=v 1 +2=−20−2 v 1

or

3 v 1=−22 → v 1=−7.333 V

and v 2=v 1 +2=−5.333 V . Note that the 10-Ω resistor does not make any differences because it is
connected across the supernode.

2) Find the node voltages in the circuit of Fig. 2.1?

Fig.2.1

Solution:

Nodes 1 and 2 form a supernode; so do nodes 3 and 4. We apply KCL to the two supernodes as
in Fig. 2.2(a). At supernode 1-2,

i 3 +10=i 1 +i 2

Expressing this in terms of the node voltages,


v 3−v 2 v 1−v 4 v 1
+10= +
6 3 2

5 v 1 + v 2−v 3−2 v 4=60(2.1)

At supernode 3-4,

v 1−v 4 v 3−v 2 v 4 v3
i 1=i 3+ i 4 +i 5 → 3
=
6
+ +
1 4

4 v 1 +2 v 2−5 v 3−16 v 4=0(2.2)

Fig. 2.2: Applying (a) KCL to the two supernodes, (b) KVL to the loops

We now apply KVL to the branches involving the voltage sources as shown in Fig. 2.2(b). For
loop 1,

−v 1+20+ v 2=0 → v 1−v 2=20 (2.3)

For loop 2,

−v 3+3 v x + v 4=0

But v x =v 1−v 4 so that


3 v 1−v 3−2 v 4=0 (2.4)

For loop 3,

v x −3 v x + 6 i3 −20=0

But 6 i 3=v 3−v 2 and v x =v 1−v 4. Hence,

−2 v 1−v 2+ v 3 +2 v 4 =20(2.5)

From Eq. (2.3), v 2=v 1−20 .

Eqs. (2.1) and (2.2), respectively gives,

6 v 1−v 3−2 v 4=80(2.6)

and

6 v 1−5 v 3−16 v 4=40(2.7)

Equations (2.4), (2.6) and (2.7) can be cast in matrix form as

[ ][ ] [ ]
3 −1 −2 v1 0
6 −1 −2 v 3 = 80
6 −5 −16 v 4 40

Using Cramer’s rule gives

[ ] [ ]
3 −1 −2 0 −1 −2
∆= 6 −1 −2 =−18, ∆ 1= 80 −1 −2 =−480 ,
6 −5 −16 40 −5 −16

[ ] [ ]
3 0 −2 3 −1 0
∆ 3= 6 80 −2 =−3120 , ∆ 4= 6 −1 80 =840
6 40 −16 6 −5 40

Thus, we arrive at the node voltages as

∆1 −480
v 1= = =26.67 V ,
∆ −18
∆3 −3120
v 3= = =173.33 V ,
∆ −18

∆ 4 840
v 4= = =−46.67 V
∆ −18

and v 2=v 1−20=6.667 V . We have not used Eq. (2.5); it can be used to cross check results.

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