All topics

Topic 1.
Why are people so eager to achieve success in life? What are the keys to success? Make
a profile of a person likely to succeed. What are the personal qualities that are
necessary to make a successful career? Which of them do you have? Which of them
would you like to develop and how can you do that?
Throughout history, humanity has been relentlessly drawn towards the pursuit of success, an
aspiration that has driven individuals to achieve extraordinary feats and leave an indelible
mark on the world. This enduring desire stems from a deep-seated yearning to excel, to make
a meaningful contribution to society, and to experience personal fulfillment. However, the
very essence of success remains a multifaceted concept, defying a single, universally
accepted definition. For some, it may manifest in the form of financial prosperity,
professional recognition, or the cultivation of meaningful relationships. Others may find
their definition of success in the pursuit of personal growth, intellectual enrichment, or
artistic expression. Ultimately, success lies in achieving one's full potential and aligning
one's life with one's values and passions.
Unlocking the doors to success requires a unique blend of qualities and traits that vary from
person to person. However, certain characteristics consistently emerge as essential
ingredients for achieving one's goals. Determination, the unwavering resolve to persevere
through challenges and setbacks, serves as the bedrock upon which success is
built. Foresight, the ability to anticipate future trends and make informed decisions, is
crucial for navigating the complexities of the modern world. Discipline, the power of self-
regulation, and consistent effort provide the foundation for sustained progress. Imagination,
the ability to envision possibilities and think creatively, fuels innovation and problem-
solving. Intellect, the capacity to process information, analyze problems, and develop sound
arguments, is essential for success in many fields. Persuasion, the ability to communicate
effectively and influence others, is critical for building consensus and achieving collective
goals. Finally, team spirit, the ability to collaborate effectively and harness the strengths of
others, is indispensable for success in numerous endeavors.
The profile of a successful individual often exhibits a combination of these essential
qualities. They possess a strong work ethic, demonstrating unwavering dedication to their
pursuits and a willingness to put in the necessary effort. They are guided by a clear vision,
possessing a deep understanding of their goals and fueling their passion to achieve
them. Adaptability enables them to adjust to changing circumstances and seize new
opportunities that arise. Resilience allows them to bounce back from setbacks, maintaining
their focus and determination in the face of adversity. A commitment to continuous
learning drives them to expand their knowledge and skills, constantly seeking to improve
and grow.
The pursuit of success is not a race to a predetermined finish line but rather an ongoing
journey of personal growth and development. By identifying areas of weakness and actively
seeking to strengthen them, individuals can enhance their chances of achieving their goals.
Seeking guidance and mentorship from experienced individuals can provide valuable
insights and support, while actively developing new skills through courses, workshops, or
professional development opportunities can expand one's skillset. Embracing challenges and
stepping outside one's comfort zone can foster personal growth, leading to discoveries and
unexpected breakthroughs. Maintaining a positive attitude, even in the face of obstacles,
can help overcome challenges and maintain motivation.
In conclusion, the pursuit of success is a noble endeavor that enriches individuals and
contributes to the advancement of society. By cultivating the qualities and traits associated
with success, individuals can unlock their full potential and lead fulfilling lives. Success is
not merely a matter of achieving external markers of accomplishment; it is a journey of
personal growth, resilience, and the pursuit of one's passions.

Topic 2
What makes people happy? Make a list of five things that make you happy. Give
arguments for your choice. What can make you feel unhappy or depressed? Talk about
an experience in your life when you felt really happy
Happiness, that elusive emotion, varies from person to person, and the pursuit of it is a
journey as diverse as the individuals themselves. As I reflect on my sources of joy, a myriad
of factors come to mind, each contributing to my well-being in unique ways.
Firstly, accomplishing the main or hardest part of a task is a surefire way to set my spirits
soaring. There's an undeniable sense of satisfaction that comes with breaking the back of a
challenging endeavor, a feeling of triumph that resonates deeply.
Secondly, witnessing positive outcomes can work wonders for one's happiness. Whether it's
the successful realization of personal goals or the achievement of shared objectives, the joy
that stems from success is contagious and uplifting.
Despite the saying that burning the candle at both ends may lead to fatigue, I find that the
tireless pursuit of my passions and interests keeps me motivated and content. The effort put
into various aspects of life becomes a fulfilling investment in my overall well-being.
The principle of leaving no stone unturned aligns with my belief in thorough exploration
and commitment. The pursuit of happiness requires an earnest effort, exploring diverse
avenues, and embracing opportunities with zeal. It is through thick and thin that one
discovers the most rewarding paths.
Lastly, the notion of having the world at one's feet encapsulates the feeling of being in
control and achieving one's ambitions. The realization of personal dreams places an
individual in a state of euphoria, akin to being in seventh heaven.
Conversely, experiences that lead to unhappiness or depression often involve factors such as
incivility, ingratitude, or financial strain. The presence of rude or unsociable behavior
can rub someone up the wrong way, causing distress and discomfort. Additionally, being
unappreciated or facing financial challenges can diminish the joy derived from personal
accomplishments.
Reflecting on a specific moment of happiness, I recall a time when I worked my way up to
the top of my professional life. The beaming smiles, recognition, and the sense of
achievement were a feather in my cap. It was a moment where I felt on top of the world,
having worked my fingers to the bone to reach that pinnacle with small children that didn`t
gave me an occasion to grieve.
In contrast, moments of ingratitude, particularly when contributions go unnoticed or
unacknowledged, can cast a shadow on one's joviality. The absence of recognition, despite
significant efforts, can result in feelings of glumness and dissatisfaction.
The pursuit of happiness is an ongoing journey, and it's essential to keep on top of
things and maintain a positive mindset. While societal pressures, the desire to keep up with
the Joneses, and external factors may smirk in the face of contentment, one must learn
to perk up and find joy in the little things.
As a ninety- years-old individual navigating the complexities of life, I've come to realize that
happiness is not solely about material affluence or accumulating goodies. It is a delicate
balance, influenced by personal achievements, positive relationships, and a sense of purpose.
In conclusion, understanding the intricacies of what makes people happy involves navigating
the myriad of experiences, emotions, and choices that contribute to well-being. Whether
through personal accomplishments, positive outcomes, relentless dedication, or a sense of
control, the pursuit of happiness is a dynamic journey that requires mindfulness and
resilience.

Topic 3
Experts say that though the quality of our life has improved many people feel less
satisfied with their life. Do you think people of previous generations felt happier than
we do now? Talk about the changes that have occurred. Why don’t people feel happy?
Experts tell us that despite our objectively better quality of life, people are feeling less
satisfied than ever. This begs the question: were people of the past happier than us? And if
so, what has changed?
While it's tempting to romanticize the past, overlooking its hardships, there are undeniable
differences in the way we live today. We have access to unprecedented wealth, technology,
and information. Yet, paradoxically, these advancements seem to have come with a
cost, eroding our sense of community, purpose, and connection.
The relentless pressure to "keep up with the Joneses" has fueled a culture of
materialism and constant comparison. Social media, with its curated feeds, portrays
an unrealistic picture of happiness, making us feel inadequate and envious of others'
seemingly perfect lives. The 24/7 news cycle bombards us with negativity, wearing
down our optimism and resilience.
We've become slaves to the "hustle culture," burning the candle at both ends and
prioritizing work over rest and relationships. We're constantly bombarded with distractions,
making it difficult to be present in the moment and appreciate the simple joys in life.
This constant state of busyness and information overload has taken its toll on our mental
health. Depression, anxiety, and loneliness are on the rise. We're medicated more than
ever, with antidepressants becoming a ubiquitous bandage for our emotional wounds.
The paradox is that while we have more in the material realm, we seem to have less in
the emotional and spiritual realms. We are disconnected from ourselves,
our communities, and nature. We're lost in the noise, struggling to find meaning and
purpose in a world that often feels chaotic and overwhelming.
So, what can we do to reclaim our happiness?
Firstly, we must disconnect from the digital world and reconnect with ourselves and our
loved ones. We need to rediscover the simple pleasures – spending time in nature,
engaging in meaningful conversations, and creating real-world connections.
Secondly, we need to prioritize our mental health and well-being. This means getting
enough sleep, eating healthy, exercising regularly, and
practicing mindfulness and meditation.
Thirdly, we need to find meaning and purpose in our lives. Whether it's
through volunteering, pursuing our passions, or simply helping others, contributing to
something larger than ourselves can bring a sense of fulfillment that material possessions
cannot.
Finally, we need to remember that happiness is not a destination, but a journey. It's about
appreciating the small things in life, practicing gratitude, and accepting that there will be
ups and downs along the way.
Ultimately, the key to happiness lies in finding a balance between our material and
emotional needs. We must strive for a world where progress doesn't come at the expense of
our well-being. We must create a society that values connection, purpose, and well-
being as much as it values material wealth.
So, the path to happiness is not easy, but it is worth taking. By making conscious
choices and prioritizing our mental and emotional health, we can reclaim our joy and
create a future where we are not just wealthy, but also happy.

Topic 4
Can money bring happiness? Give arguments for and against. What is your attitude to
money? How can it bring happiness to you?
The question of whether money can buy happiness has been debated for centuries, with
arguments presented on both sides. While it's undeniable that wealth can contribute to
a comfortable life, its relationship with true happiness remains complex and nuanced.
Arguments for the Money-Happiness Connection:
Firstly, it`s financial security: Having sufficient financial resources provides a sense of
stability and freedom from anxieties about bills, debts, and unexpected expenses. This
peace of mind allows individuals to focus on other aspects of life that contribute to
happiness, such as relationships, personal growth, and hobbies.
Secondly, access to opportunities: Wealth opens doors to experiences and possibilities that
would otherwise be inaccessible. It facilitates travel, education, career advancement, and
access to quality healthcare, all of which can enrich and expand our lives.
Thirdly, there will be improved quality of life: Money allows individuals to afford
comfortable housing, nutritious food, and leisure activities that enhance their daily well-
being. This improved standard of living directly contributes to a greater sense of
contentment and fulfillment.
Finally, it increases your confidence and self-esteem: Financial security and access to
opportunities often lead to increased confidence and self-esteem. Individuals feel
more capable, independent, and empowered to pursue their goals and aspirations.
Arguments against the Money-Happiness Link:
In the first place is the hedonic treadmill: Research suggests that the positive impact of
wealth on happiness diminishes over time. As individuals become accustomed to their
increased standard of living, expectations rise, leading to a constant pursuit of the next
upgrade and a cycle of dissatisfaction.
In the second place are the corrosive effects of materialism: An excessive focus on
acquiring material possessions can lead to a shallow and materialistic lifestyle devoid of
genuine meaning and connection. This can ultimately contribute to feelings of emptiness,
dissatisfaction, and isolation.
In third place are comparison and envy: Social media and societal pressures often portray
an unrealistic and distorted image of wealth and success. This constant comparison fuels
feelings of inadequacy and envy, ultimately hindering happiness.
And lastly, non-material factors hold the key: Research consistently shows that strong
relationships, meaningful work, a sense of purpose, and good health are far more significant
contributors to long-term happiness than material wealth.
I believe that money is a valuable tool that can enhance our lives in many ways. However,
it's important to remember that it is just one component of a fulfilling life. True happiness
stems from a combination of factors, including strong relationships, meaningful pursuits,
personal growth, and a sense of purpose.
While not the ultimate source of joy, money can contribute to my well-being in several ways:
First and foremost is peace of mind: Financial security allows me to focus on my goals and
aspirations without being burdened by financial anxieties.
Second, is investing in myself: I can use money to support my education, health, and
hobbies, contributing to my overall well-being and personal development.
Third is contributing to others: Financial resources allow me to support charitable causes I
care about, bringing a sense of purpose and fulfillment.
Finally, creating lasting memories: I prioritize experiences over material possessions,
allowing me to travel, explore, and create meaningful memories with loved ones.
In conclusion, I would say that the answer to the age-old question of whether money can buy
happiness is not a simple yes or no. Instead, it lies in understanding the nuanced relationship
between wealth and well-being. While money can undoubtedly contribute to a comfortable
life and enhance certain aspects of happiness, it is not the sole determinant. True joy arises
from a combination of material and non-material factors, with a strong emphasis on the
latter. By prioritizing healthy relationships, meaningful work, personal growth, and a sense
of purpose, we can cultivate true happiness that transcends material wealth. Remember,
happiness is a journey, not a destination, and it thrives when we nurture the things that truly
matter in our lives.

Topic 5
Talk about a special moment in your life? When and where did it happen? Who were
you with? What did you feel? What makes you remember this moment?
While the average human life expectancy may over around 70 years, our memories can
create pockets of eternity. One such moment for me occurred a year ago, not on some
mountain peak or exotic beach, but within the familiar confines of our online English school.
It was a moment of collective triumph, a testament to the power of collaboration and the
joy of shared success.
We were a team of colleagues, united by our dedication to our students and fueled by a
shared passion for language. We had been entrusted with a challenging project - an
interactive online course designed to improve English communication skills for a diverse
group of clients. The task seemed daunting at first, requiring us to carry out extensive
research, develop engaging materials, and keep on top of things with meticulous planning
and coordination.
Over the following months, we worked our fingers to the bone, day and night, pouring our
creativity and expertise into the project. We debated ideas, challenged assumptions,
and wore away at obstacles with unwavering determination. We were a team in the truest
sense, supporting, encouraging, and rubbing off on each other with our enthusiasm and
commitment.
The day the project finally launched was a day of wear and tear and sheer exhilaration. We
had carried through our vision, and the response was overwhelming. Clients praised the
course's effectiveness, commending its innovative approach and engaging content. We
had taken things by storm, exceeding expectations and setting a new standard for online
language education.
The success of that project was more than just a professional achievement; it was a personal
milestone. It showed me the power of collaborative effort, and how a feather in my cap can
be even more meaningful when shared with others. It taught me not to keep my head in the
clouds while remaining grounded in hard work and dedication. It instilled in me a sense of
confidence and pride, proving that anything is possible when we work together with a shared
purpose.
Even now, a year later, the memory of that project remains vividly etched in my mind. It
reminds me of the importance of teamwork, the joy of exceeding expectations, and the
power of collective passion. It serves as a constant reminder to steal the show in
my endeavors, to break the back of challenges with unwavering determination, and to
carry over the lessons learned into every aspect of my life. It is a reminder that true
happiness lies not in individual accolades, but in the shared journey of growth and success.
This project, born from the dedication of a collaborative team, continues to inspire me to
wear the world at my feet and embrace every challenge with unwavering optimism.

Topic 6
Talk about the role television plays in our life. How much time do you spend watching
TV? What are your favourite programmes? Have you ever taken part in a talk show?
Television, that flickering screen in our living rooms, has long been a double-edged sword in
our lives. On one hand, it offers a portal to entertainment, information, and even
connection, gratifying our desire for escape and shared experience. On the other hand, it can
be a source of dismay, potentially warping our perception of reality and fostering isolation
through its inconsistency and shallow content.
For me, television has been a ravenous consumer of time. Hours melted away while
I devoured shows like "Friends", "The Big Bang Theory" and "How I Met Your Mother,"
drawn in by their relatable characters, witty dialogue, and heartwarming storylines. These
programs provided a sense of solitude and belonging, filling the void with laughter and
companionship, even if it was fictional.
However, the more I consumed, the more I recognized the fragmented picture of the world
television presents. Reality shows and mindless sitcoms, while offering fleeting amusement,
often repelled me with their inconsistency and lack of depth. They failed to reflect the
complexities of real life, leaving me in a quandary about the true concept of reality.
As technology has progressed, the television landscape has transformed into a vast,
streaming ocean. This innovation offers unprecedented control and access to content, but it
also risks creating a barrenness of genuine connection. The constant stream of entertainment
can become an obstacle to meaningful interactions and activities, leaving us feeling more
alone than ever.
While I still enjoy the occasional rendition of a classic episode or a suspenseful cliffhanger,
I strive for a more balanced relationship with television. Engaging in outdoor adventures,
pursuing creative endeavors, and nurturing genuine connections provide a deeper sense of
fulfillment than any show ever could.
Although I haven't yet been bold enough to participate in a live talk show, I respect those
who do. Sharing their stories and perspectives contributes to the diversity of voices and
experiences represented in the media, something that enriches us all.
In conclusion, television remains a significant force in our lives, offering both light and
shadow. While its potential for entertainment and connection is undeniable, it's crucial to be
conscious of its limitations and potential pitfalls. By cultivating a mindful and balanced
approach, we can harness the positive aspects of television while safeguarding ourselves
from its negative effects. By stepping away from the screen and engaging with the world
around us, we can ensure that television serves as a valuable tool for enrichment, not a
source of isolation and disconnect.

Topic 7
How do you usually spend your free time? Do you have a hobby? Talk about your
favourite pastime. What do you do? How do your family usually spend their free time?
What do you do together? What is the best way to relax for students? Why do you
think so?
As a student, navigating the demands of academics and extracurriculars leaves little room for
free time. Yet, I believe carving out space for personal pursuits is vital for both mental and
physical well-being. My favorite pastime is undoubtedly painting the town red with my
closest friends. We explore hidden cafes, lose ourselves in independent bookstores, and read
between the lines of city life, discovering its hidden gems.
My family also plays a significant role in my free time activities. We often put up tents and
embark on camping trips, immersing ourselves in the desolate beauty of the wilderness.
The windswept landscapes, chilly nights lit by campfires, and startling constellations
overhead forge memories that will last a lifetime.
Despite my love for social activities, I also enjoy keeping my own company. Immersing
myself in a good book, either curled up in a cozy corner at home or stooping at a rivulet in
a tranquil park, allows me to read between the lines of life itself. It's a time for
introspection, where I can put aside the noise of the world and listen to my inner voice.
For many students, the best way to relax is through physical activity. Whether it's
a blistering run through the city streets or a peaceful hike through a bare mountain trail, the
endorphins released during exercise offer an invaluable escape from academic pressures. It's
a time to put down the textbooks and put off deadlines, allowing the mind and body to put
off the shackles of stress.
However, relaxation isn't a one-size-fits-all solution. Some students might find solace in
the benign glow of a screen, playing video games, or watching a movie. Others might prefer
the ad infinitum possibilities of creative hobbies like writing, painting, or playing an
instrument. Ultimately, the best way to relax is to do something that sets you back from the
daily grind, allowing you to sit in a state of tranquility.
I believe the key to a fulfilling life lies in striking a balance between various activities.
Whether it's chucking a left down a new street in the city or nearly tripping over a trail
wound while exploring the wilderness, embracing the unknown and venturing outside one's
comfort zone can lead to the most startling and rewarding experiences.
So, while the demands of student life may seem savage, remember to carve out your oasis of
free time. Whether it's amidst the gaggle of raucous Aussies at a pub or swathed in a
mist at the peak of a mountain, find what brings you joy and allow yourself to put back the
pieces of your week in a way that nurtures your soul. As a wise philosopher once said, "All
work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." So, go forth, explore, and embrace the richness
that lies beyond the classroom walls.

Topic 8
Talk about a film genre you like best. What do you like about it? Talk about a film you
watched recently. Talk about the storyline and the characters. Do you recommend it?
Give you reasons.
Of all the cinematic landscapes, the gritty world of crime dramas resonates with me the most.
Unlike fantastical escapism, I find the grueling detective work and relentless pursuit of
justice deeply grounded in reality. These narratives, set against the backdrop of everyday
life, depict the battle between good and evil in a way that feels both familiar and unsettlingly
possible.
Recently, I embarked on a cinematic journey through the 2015 film "Focus," a crime drama
that skillfully navigated the treacherous terrain of con artistry. It offered a disconcerting
blend of exhilaration and suspense, culminating in a cliffhanger ending that left me
yearning for more.
What captivates me about crime dramas is their stark portrayal of the human struggle
between right and wrong. Unlike fantastical tales, these stories unfold in a world that mirrors
our own, making the stakes feel tangible and the characters relatable. We witness everyday
people, detectives, and police officers, who embody the fight against injustice with
unwavering passion. Despite facing daunting challenges and setbacks, their unwavering
pursuit of justice is ultimately gratifying, reminding us that even in the face of adversity,
good can prevail.
Furthermore, crime dramas often serve as a platform for social commentary, offering critical
reflections on the flaws and complexities of the legal system. They courageously explore the
intricate web of crime and corruption, prompting viewers to question the effectiveness of the
existing system and contemplate potential reforms that could lead to a more just and
equitable society.
"Focus" masterfully embodies these alluring elements. The film delves into the alluring
world of con artistry, where seasoned conman Nicky takes a novice, Jess, under his wing. As
their relationship evolves, we witness a complex interplay of power, deception, and
ultimately, betrayal. Jess, initially portrayed as innocent, undergoes a remarkable
transformation, proving to be just as cunning and skilled as Nicky. This inconsistency, this
blurred line between victim and perpetrator, poses an intriguing quandary for the viewer.
Throughout the film, we are captivated by the ingenuity of the scams and
the ravenous pursuit of easy money by the protagonists. Their amorality leaves us feeling
both dismayed and strangely captivated. While the content may be distressing at times, it is
the film's unpredictability that fuels its appeal. The shocking twist ending, in particular,
leaves a lasting impression, leaving audiences buzzing with speculation and longing for a
sequel.
For those seeking a cinematic adrenaline rush alongside a compelling glimpse into human
nature, "Focus" delivers a powerful and unforgettable experience. It subverts expectations,
leaving audiences questioning their assumptions about heroes and villains. With its pristine
cinematography and riveting storyline, it has secured a place as one of my personal
cinematic favorites.
I readily recommend "Focus" to any fan of the crime drama genre, particularly those seeking
a fresh and innovative take on the genre. It is a film that leaves its mark, earning a solid 5
stars for its originality and its ability to keep audiences on the edge of their seats. In the vast
cinematic landscape, "Focus" stands out as a shining example of the power and relevance of
the crime drama genre, leaving audiences with the undeniable certainty that these gritty tales
are truly supreme entertainment.

Topic 9
Review a book you have recently read. Who wrote it? Talk about the plot and the
characters. What do you like about it? What don’t you like? Do you recommend it?
Give your reasons.
Arthur Hailey's "The Final Diagnosis" is not merely a medical drama; it's a vibrant
symphony of life and death played out within the sterile walls of a bustling hospital. With
the meticulous precision of a surgeon, Hailey dissects the complex world of healthcare,
revealing a microcosm of society teeming with diverse characters, each grappling with their
own unique triumphs and tribulations.
Joe Pearson, the stoic chief pathologist, serves as our guide through this intricate human
landscape. As the one who holds the solemn responsibility of delivering the final diagnosis
on every patient, Pearson's life is a constant dance macabre between the fragility of life and
the inevitability of death. Hailey's masterful characterization allows us to delve into
Pearson's psyche, comprehending his internal battles and the toll this profession takes on
his soul.
But "The Final Diagnosis" is more than just Pearson's story. It's a tapestry woven with
threads of countless lives: dedicated nurses galvanized by their calling, passionate
doctors driven by a relentless pursuit of healing, patients clinging to hope with the tenacity
of a drowning man, and grieving families grappling with the unfathomable void left behind.
Hailey breathes life into each of them, creating individuals who transcend their roles and
become deeply relatable. We share in their laughter, weep alongside them in their moments
of grief, and ultimately, feel connected to their journeys in a way that transcends the sterile
environment of the hospital.
Hailey's unflinching realism is another facet that elevates the narrative. He doesn't shy
away from the stark realities of illness and death, portraying medical procedures and their
consequences with an honesty that can be unsettling at times. While some may find it
graphic, this realism serves a vital purpose. It thrusts us into the heart of the action, keeping
us on the edge of our seats and making us acutely aware of the gravity of the
situations faced by patients and medical professionals alike.
However, the book doesn't just focus on the clinical aspects. It delves into the ethical
quagmires and difficult decisions that plague the medical field, forcing us to question our
own assumptions and confront our biases. Issues like patient autonomy, resource
allocation, and the blurred lines between life and death are woven into the narrative,
prompting introspection and challenging our perspectives on these complex issues.
Despite its strengths, "The Final Diagnosis" isn't without flaws. Certain aspects, particularly
the romantic relationships, feel a bit melodramatic, detracting from the overall realism.
Additionally, the pacing can be uneven at times, with some sections dragging and others
rushing forward too quickly.
These minor shortcomings, however, do little to diminish the book's overall impact. "The
Final Diagnosis" remains a powerful and thought-provoking read, offering a story that
lingers long after the final page is turned. It's a journey through the human condition,
showcasing the indomitable spirit of humanity in the face of adversity and celebrating
the unwavering dedication of those who fight to preserve life against all odds.
Whether you're a medical enthusiast, a fan of suspenseful dramas, or simply someone
seeking a profound exploration of life and death, "The Final Diagnosis" has something to
offer. It may not bring the house down with its flamboyant theatrics, but it will put you
through the emotional wringer, leaving you contemplating the value of life, the power of
human connection, and the indelible mark we leave on the world, even in the face of
inevitable mortality.

Topic 10
What do you prefer – to read a book or to watch its screen adaptation? Talk about the
advantages and disadvantages of both. Talk about a screen adaptation you have
watched and liked best. Have you read a book it is based on? What made a greater
impression on you – the film or the book?
The age-old debate of book vs. film adaptation has ignited countless passionate arguments.
Both mediums boast unique advantages and disadvantages, offering distinct pathways to
engaging with stories. While some individuals swear by the immersive depth of a well-
written novel, others find the visual immediacy of film to be more captivating. Ultimately,
the preferred format is a matter of personal preference.
One of the significant advantages of books is their ability to deeply ground us in the world
of the story. We become intimately familiar with each character's thoughts, emotions, and
motivations, allowing us to develop a stronger connection with their journey. Authors have
the space to delve into intricate details, building a rich tapestry of sights, sounds, and smells
that bring the narrative to life in our imaginations. This pilgrimage through the fictional
world can be incredibly rewarding, leaving a lasting impression on the reader.
However, film adaptations offer a distinct advantage in their ability to bring the story to
life visually. The director's rendition of the world and characters can be stunning and
captivating, allowing us to see the story unfold through the lens of their vision. Additionally,
the use of sound, music, and special effects can enhance the emotional impact of the
narrative, leaving viewers with a visceral experience that can be difficult to replicate through
the written word.
In my personal experience, the screen adaptation of Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar
Children by Tim Burton left a gratifying impression. The film's whimsical visuals and
Burton's signature dark aesthetic perfectly captured the pristine world of Ransom Riggs's
novel. The performances by the young cast were equally impressive, bringing the quirky and
endearing characters to life with infectious enthusiasm.
However, despite the film's strengths, I found the book to be a far
more engrossing experience. Riggs's writing is rich and descriptive, allowing me
to devour every detail of the peculiar world and its inhabitants. The characters felt more
nuanced and complex on the page, and I found myself deeply invested in their emotional
journeys. The book's cliffhanger ending also left me yearning for more, while the film's
resolution felt somewhat rushed and unsatisfying.
Ultimately, both the book and film versions of Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar
Children offer unique and enjoyable experiences. While the film excels in its visual
presentation, the book provides a more compelling and nuanced exploration of the story and
its characters. The choice between the two formats ultimately boils down to individual
preference. Some may prefer the gratifying immediacy of the film, while others may find
the daunting yet rewarding journey through the written word to be more glimmering.
So, whether you choose to embark on a trek through the pages of a captivating novel or
settle for a visually stunning cinematic experience, remember that both mediums have the
power to transport us to extraordinary worlds and leave us with lasting impressions. They
are not rivals, but rather two distinct paths to the same destination: the joy of storytelling.
Topic 11
Talk about your favourite actor/actress. Give some information about his/her
biography. What films has he/she made? What is your favourite film they’ve made?
Why? What has impressed you most about their acting?
Few actors have enjoyed such long-lasting success as Brad Pitt with
his rousing, stirring performances spanning decades. Ever since I first watched films with
his acting, as a teen, I’ve been haunted by his incredible acting talent bringing such dynamic
characters to life.
Pitt’s biography helps explain what fuels his passion for emotionally complex roles. He
moved to Los Angeles in the late 1980s determined to make it as an actor
despite drastically little money or connections. Before his breakout in “Thelma and Louise”,
Pitt struggled for years taking acting lessons and working odd jobs to make ends meet.
Crucially that experience gave him empathy for those struggling against the system, a theme
prevalent in many of his films.
In his personal life, Pitt has faced ups and downs recuperating from a difficult 2016 divorce.
However, he continues acting and producing thought-provoking films ad infinitum. His
latest drama “Babylon” proves Pitt still resolves to take on challenging parts well into his
50s.
My favorite Pitt film remains 1999’s “Fight Club” about an insomniac office worker who
starts an underground boxing ring. Pitt plays Tyler Durden, the charismatic soap salesman
who inducts the narrator into his anarchist philosophies. Durden is the ultimate macho alter
ego - virile, rebellious, and dangerous. Yet Pitt also exposes the character’s profound
loneliness and God complex driving him to form Project Mayhem. The narrator descends
into Durden’s nihilistic fantasy stumbling like someone hypnotized yet unable to look
away.
Pitt’s acting electrifies every scene with Durden's hedonistic antics like cigar smoking,
stealing a fern or soap, or straightening the leaning tower he inhabits. The character’s arch
sarcasm and witty banter seduce not just the narrator but the audience. We comprehend what
motivates Durden’s ultimate destruction even as his shocking actions repel. When the
narrator realizes Durden’s terrorist schemes have gone too far, their brutal showdown feels
like a Greek tragedy of a protagonist doomed by his fatal flaw.
In closing, Brad Pitt has earned my enduring respect for his daring choices spanning
entertaining blockbusters to thought-provoking indies. By continually inhabiting troubled
characters facing existential crises, he stands apart as a Hollywood rarity. Rather than
chasing shallow action hero roles or vanity projects, Pitt works with auteurs like David
Fincher and Quentin Tarantino who challenge him. The risks reap dividends in performances
critics hail as gripping and unforgettable.
While countless actors fade out chasing youth or easy paychecks, Pitt's filmography remains
vibrant. He has the range to voice an animated zebra in "Madagascar" and then turn around
to star as baseball icon Billy Beane with equal conviction. Whether depicting historic icons
or fictional troublemakers, Pitt taps into their core humanity making them riveting studies of
the darker angels of man's nature.
In summary, ever since his magnetic, morally ambiguous Tyler Durden seared my memory,
I've viewed Pitt as peerless. Other stars may boast higher box office tallies, but few can
match Pitt's daring versatility and Oscar-worthy chops. He chooses projects with care rather
than churning out forgettable flicks. For Pitt fame has always taken a backseat to pushing his
creative limits with a dog-eared copy of the script as his constant companion. Decades into
his epic career blazing trails on screen and now behind the camera, he continues evolving in
exciting ways all but ensuring his rightful place among the Hollywood pantheon.

Topic 12
The greatest sweetener of human life is friendship. (J. Addison) Do you agree with the
quotation? Make a profile of a person who could be a real friend for you. What kind of
people do you find difficult to make friends with?
Joseph Addison's insightful declaration that "The greatest sweetener of human life is
friendship" resonates deeply within the human psyche. Indeed, friendship transcends a mere
social construct, blossoming into a vibrant ecosystem where shared experiences,
unwavering loyalty, and unconditional love flourish. It is a complex tapestry woven with
threads of unflinching trust and empathetic understanding, a refuge where vulnerabilities
are embraced and triumphs celebrated with unbridled joy.
A true friend is a rare and precious gem, a confidant entrusted with the deepest recesses of
our souls. They are the unwavering mirror reflecting our authentic selves, flaws and all,
without a hint of judgment. They are the catalyst for personal growth, challenging us to be
better versions of ourselves through honest feedback and unwavering support. They are
the unconditional cheerleaders, fueling our dreams with infectious enthusiasm and
celebrating our successes with unrestrained joy.
The qualities I seek in a friend are the cornerstones of a durable and enduring
bond, forming the bedrock of a meaningful connection. Trustworthiness is paramount, for
a friend holds the key to our most vulnerable selves. Loyalty is the guiding star that ensures
they stand by our side through life's turbulent storms. Honesty, even when it stings, is
the oxygen of authenticity, fostering genuine understanding and growth. Supportiveness is
the lifeblood of friendship, offering a haven during times of hardship and a steady hand to
guide us through uncertainty. And joy, shared laughter, and light-hearted moments are
the mortar that binds us together, creating unforgettable memories etched in the annals of
our hearts.
Of course, the human experience is not a binary equation. Perfection is a mythical
creature, elusive and unattainable. Even the strongest friendships face challenges and
misunderstandings. But what truly separates casual acquaintances from soulful
companions is the willingness to forgive, learn from mistakes, and rebuild trust
with unwavering commitment. It is the unyielding dedication to nurture the bond, through
sunshine and storms, that makes friendship such a priceless treasure.
I am profoundly grateful for the true friends who illuminate my life. They are the warm
sunshine that melts away the frost of negativity, the compass guiding me through life's
labyrinthine paths, and the infectious laughter that fills my days with pure joy. They are the
ones who make me feel seen, understood and loved for who I truly am. They are the essence
of what it means to belong.
While recognizing the beauty of friendship, I acknowledge that not all connections are
destined to be everlasting. Individuals who are perpetually embroiled in
negativity, dragging others down with their emotional maelstroms, find it difficult to
cultivate genuine friendships. Similarly, those who are consumed by self-
absorption, oblivious to the needs and feelings of others, struggle to foster meaningful
bonds. Relentless criticism corrodes trust and respect, while malicious gossip creates a
toxic atmosphere of distrust and betrayal. Finally, those who are habitually late demonstrate
a lack of respect for the precious time and value of others, making it difficult to build
strong and reliable connections.
While these are general observations, individuals exhibiting these traits often find
themselves isolated and adrift in the vast ocean of human relationships. However, it is
important to remember that exceptions exist. Openness and the willingness to see beyond
first impressions can lead to unexpected and rewarding friendships.
In conclusion, friendship is an inestimable gift, a treasure that enriches our lives in countless
ways. It is a sacred bond forged through shared experiences, unwavering loyalty, and
unconditional love. While challenges may arise, the willingness to forgive, grow, and
embrace our vulnerabilities is the key to nurturing these precious connections. Let us cherish
the true friends who illuminate our lives and strive to be the kind of friends who offer the
same warmth, loyalty, and love in return. For in the grand tapestry of life, friendship is the
thread that binds us together, weaving a story of joy, strength, and belonging.

Topic 13
How important are relations with other people? How do people in our surroundings
influence us? Who has been the greatest influence in your life? What makes this person
(these people) special? How have they influenced you?
Human beings are inherently social creatures. We crave connection, and
the relationships we forge shape the very fabric of our lives. These bonds offer us love,
unwavering support, and a profound sense of belonging. But their influence transcends
mere emotional well-being. Through interactions with others, we embark on a journey
of self-discovery, uncovering our strengths and vulnerabilities while refining
our values, beliefs, and understanding of the world.
Among the tapestry of relationships we weave, certain individuals leave an indelible
imprint on our souls. These mentors, guides, and catalysts for personal growth offer us
invaluable wisdom, guidance, and unwavering support. Their influence acts as a constant
force, propelling us forward, encouraging us to embrace calculated risks, and celebrating
our triumphs with genuine joy. They are the ones who ignite a spark within us, inspiring us
to dream bigger and reach for the full potential that lies dormant within.
My own life bears witness to the profound impact of relationships. The deep bond I share
with my grandmother serves as a testament to this truth. She is a complex and multifaceted
individual, embodying a captivating blend of assertiveness, unwavering confidence, and
remarkable tolerance. Her ability to listen with empathy and offer sage advice has served
as a constant source of support throughout my life. She has instilled in me invaluable life
lessons that transcend the confines of our shared experiences.
One of the most significant ways my grandmother has influenced me is through her
unwavering assertiveness. She is unafraid to voice her opinions, even when they challenge
the prevailing consensus. Her courage has inspired me to develop my voice and stand up for
what I believe in, even when it means standing alone. This newfound confidence has
empowered me to navigate the complexities of life with a newfound sense of self-assurance.
Furthermore, my grandmother has instilled in me the importance of tolerance. Her open-
minded nature and acceptance of others, regardless of their differences, have served as a
beacon of understanding and compassion. This has broadened my perspective and allowed
me to appreciate the diverse tapestry of human experience. I have learned to
embrace differences, recognizing that they are not barriers but rather opportunities for
growth and learning.
My globe-trotting journey of self-discovery is still unfolding, and the influence of my
grandmother remains a constant presence. Her wisdom acts as a guiding light, illuminating
my path and empowering me to face challenges with resilience and grace. The lessons she
has instilled in me are more than mere words; they are a testament to the transformative
power of relationships and the profound impact they can have on our lives.
In conclusion, relationships are not merely enriching additions to our lives; they are the very
essence of our existence. They provide us with the love, support, and guidance we need to
blossom into the best versions of ourselves. We must, therefore, cherish these knots and
nurture them with care, for they are the very foundation upon which our lives are built.

Topic 14
How important is it to feel confident? Why do people suffer from lack of confidence?
What kinds of confidence-building exercises do you know? Talk about the ones you find
the most effective.
Confidence, that elusive state of self-assurance and unwavering belief in one's capabilities
stands as a cornerstone for a fulfilling and successful life. When we feel confident, we
are empowered to take risks, embrace new experiences, and forge a path toward achieving
our goals. This inner strength allows us to navigate life's challenges with resilience and
grace, ultimately paving the way for happiness and contentment.
However, the path to confidence is not always smooth. Many individuals struggle with
feelings of insecurity and inadequacy, weighed down by the burdens of negative
experiences, self-doubt, and unrealistic expectations. The sting of past failures, the harsh
voice of inner criticism, and the constant comparison to others can all contribute to
a diminished sense of self-worth.
Fortunately, there is a multitude of strategies we can employ to cultivate this crucial
trait. Visualization, the act of vividly imagining ourselves achieving our desired outcomes,
has the power to solidify our belief in our abilities. Setting attainable goals
and celebrating our progress along the way provides a sense of purpose and achievement,
further bolstering our confidence. Replacing negative self-talk with positive
affirmations can gradually shift our perspective, allowing us to see ourselves in a
more favorable light.
Stepping outside our comfort zone, whether through trying new hobbies, learning
new skills, or venturing into unfamiliar territory, can be a powerful tool for building
confidence. Each new challenge overcome reinforces our belief in our ability
to adapt and learn, fostering a sense of self-reliance and resourcefulness.
Surrounding ourselves with supportive and positive individuals can also play a significant
role in boosting our confidence. Their unwavering encouragement and belief in our
potential serve as a constant source of strength and motivation, guiding us through
moments of doubt and uncertainty.
Ultimately, the most effective confidence-building strategies are those that cater to our
individual needs and goals. Some may find solace in the quiet practice of visualization or
the structured approach of goal setting, while others may thrive on the challenges of self-
improvement or the uplifting presence of positive companions.
In my journey, I have discovered the transformative power of self-compassion. Recognizing
my tendency towards harsh self-criticism, I actively practice positive self-talk, focusing on
my strengths and accomplishments while forgiving myself for my mistakes. This shift in
perspective has significantly improved my self-image, allowing me to approach challenges
with greater confidence and optimism.
My experience setting and achieving the challenging goal of running a 5K race
further reinforced my belief in myself. The grueling training process, while undoubtedly
demanding, instilled a sense of determination and resilience that continues to serve me both
personally and professionally.
Joining a book club, initially a source of apprehension, became a haven for personal growth
and confidence building. Engaging with intelligent and supportive individuals fostered a
sense of belonging and belonging while stimulating intellectual conversations and
challenging my perspectives.
In conclusion, I would say that building confidence is not a destination; it is a continuous
journey of self-discovery and exploration. Through dedication, perseverance, and the
willingness to implement effective strategies, we can all cultivate the inner strength
necessary to navigate life's challenges and achieve our full potential. As we learn
to believe in ourselves and embrace our strengths, we unlock the door to a life filled
with possibilities and accomplishments.

Topic 15
Nowadays there are husbands who are known as stay-at-home dads. Why do some men
choose to become househusbands and let their wives be the breadwinners? What are
the advantages and disadvantages of the situation?
The traditional roles of fathers and mothers have undergone a significant transformation in
recent years. While the image of the breadwinner father and stay-at-home mother
remains prevalent, a growing number of men are choosing to embrace a different
path: becoming stay-at-home dads. This trend, fueled by a variety of factors, presents
both advantages and disadvantages that deserve careful consideration.
The motivations behind a man's decision to become a stay-at-home dad are as diverse as the
men themselves. Some may be driven by a desire to forge closer bonds with their children
and witness their developmental milestones firsthand. Others may prioritize flexibility and
control over their schedules, seeking a career that aligns with their values and allows them to
be more present in their children's lives. Additionally, some families may find themselves
facing financial circumstances that necessitate one parent staying home, offering a solution
that allows them to prioritize their children's needs without sacrificing their financial well-
being.
This shift in family dynamics presents several benefits. Firstly, it allows fathers
to cultivate strong and nurturing bonds with their children, contributing significantly to
their emotional and social development. This can lead to a deeper understanding of their
children's needs and challenges, fostering a more empathetic and supportive upbringing.
Furthermore, stay-at-home dads often find themselves developing new skills and interests as
they navigate the world of childcare and household management. This newfound
knowledge and experience can be personally enriching and contribute to their overall sense
of self-worth.
However, embracing the role of a stay-at-home dad is not without its challenges. Societal
expectations can still be biased, leading to feelings of isolation and a lack
of understanding from peers. Additionally, the financial strain of living on one income can
be a significant concern for many families. Furthermore, re-entering the workforce after a
prolonged period as a stay-at-home parent can be challenging, as skills may
become outdated or employers may view the career gap negatively.
Ultimately, the decision to become a stay-at-home dad is a deeply personal one. Each family
must weigh the potential advantages and disadvantages carefully, considering their
individual needs, values, and circumstances. By prioritizing open communication
and addressing potential concerns head-on, families can navigate this modern shift in
parenthood with confidence and create a fulfilling environment for all members.
It is important to note that the journey of a stay-at-home dad is not a static one. Many dads
find themselves transitioning between roles over time, perhaps opting for part-time
work or returning to their previous careers once their children are older. The key lies in
maintaining a flexible approach and prioritizing the overall well-being of the family unit.
As societal norms continue to evolve, we can expect the role of the stay-at-home dad to
become increasingly commonplace. By embracing this shift and
fostering understanding and support, we can create a world where fathers are equally
empowered to take an active role in their children's lives and contribute to building strong
and resilient families.

Topic 16
A lot of marriages in the contemporary world end in divorce. Why does it happen?
What do experts and marriage counselors say about that? What is your opinion? What
should people do to have a happy family life?
The rampant rise of divorce rates across the globe paints a disturbing picture of the state of
modern relationships. In the United States alone, over half of marriages succumb to divorce,
leaving behind a trail of emotional wreckage and disrupting the very foundations of
society. To safeguard the sanctity of marriage and cultivate healthy families, it is imperative
to embark on a quest to decipher the labyrinth of factors contributing to this epidemic
and forge solutions that foster resilience and longevity.
Several key factors act as catalysts for marital breakdowns. Communication chasms stand
at the heart of the issue. When couples struggle to articulate their emotions and thoughts
effectively, misunderstandings take root and resentment festers, culminating
in dissonance and conflict. Infidelity, a blatant act of betrayal that shatters trust and
commitment, further weakens the foundation of the relationship, leaving deep
emotional scars.
Financial burdens can act as additional stressors in marriages. Couples struggling to make
ends meet may experience exacerbated tension and a sense of powerlessness, creating a
fertile ground for conflict and dissatisfaction. Additionally, divergent values and
aspirations can act as wedges, driving partners apart and making it difficult to construct a
shared vision for the future.
Experts and marriage counselors unanimously advocate for uninhibited communication as
the cornerstone of a thriving relationship. When couples can express themselves candidly,
listen with empathy, and work collaboratively towards resolving conflicts, they build a
strong refuge capable of withstanding life's inevitable challenges.
Beyond communication, shared values and goals serve as the mortar that binds partners
together. Couples who share similar beliefs, aspirations, and priorities find it easier to
navigate life's decisions and build a sense of unity and purpose.
However, we must also acknowledge the ubiquitous presence of challenges. No marriage
is impervious to difficulties and disagreements. What matters most is the unwavering
commitment to weather the storms together, seek professional help if needed, and
constantly nurture the bond.
While divorce is often seen as a personal tragedy, it's crucial to recognize its broader
ramifications. The disintegration of families can have far-reaching consequences for
children, communities, and the very fabric of society. Therefore, fostering healthy
relationships and supporting couples in overcoming challenges becomes a
collective imperative.
Instead of viewing divorce as the inevitable outcome, we should strive to reframe societal
perspectives and cultivate an atmosphere of understanding and support for couples facing
difficulties. Making accessible and affordable resources such as counseling services and
educational programs readily available can empower couples to navigate challenges
effectively and build resilient marriages.
In conclusion, the rising divorce rate serves as a stark reminder of the inherent vulnerabilities
within modern relationships. While various factors contribute to this trend, communication
issues, infidelity, financial burdens, and conflicting values remain prominent culprits. By
prioritizing uninhibited communication, fostering shared values, and promoting a culture
of commitment and support, we can work towards curbing this modern epidemic and
creating a society where marriages flourish. Remember, a healthy marriage is not merely a
personal benefit; it forms the very foundation of a strong and stable society.

Topic 17
There are often a few generations in an extended family. What makes the relationships
between grandparents and grandchildren so special? Why do they sometimes start
drifting apart? How can this gap be bridged?
The vast expanse of an extended family interlaces generations, forming a vibrant tapestry of
relationships. Among these connections, the bond between grandparents and grandchildren
often shines as a beacon of radiant warmth, insightful wisdom, and playful affection. Yet, as
with all facets of human connection, this extraordinary relationship is not immune to the
challenges that can lead to distance and misunderstanding.
Several key factors contribute to the remarkable nature of the grandparent-grandchild
connection. Unlike parents who are often caught in the whirlwind of daily obligations,
grandparents possess a luxurious abundance of time and energy to devote to their
grandchildren. This translates to countless hours spent engaging in flights of imaginative
play, sharing captivating stories that spark youthful wonder, and imparting valuable life
lessons that shape young minds. This unencumbered interaction fosters a profound sense
of security and comfort for the young, nurturing deeper connections that resonate throughout
their lives.
Furthermore, grandparents bring a relaxed and patient demeanor to the table. Unburdened
by the anxieties inherent in raising children, they possess a greater capacity
for understanding and forgiveness towards their grandchildren's inevitable misadventures.
This gentle approach provides a welcome respite for children navigating the sometimes
turbulent waters of childhood, offering a safe space where they can explore and learn without
fear of harsh judgment.
Beyond these practical advantages, grandparents serve as anchors to the past, anchoring
their grandchildren to a rich tapestry of historical context and cultural identity.
Through enthralling stories, vivid anecdotes, and treasured family heirlooms, they weave
a narrative of shared history, shaping the identity of younger generations and fostering a
profound sense of belonging within the larger family unit. This connection to the past offers
invaluable guidance and support, especially during times of personal turmoil or uncertainty,
providing a sense of grounding and reminding them of their roots.
However, the passage of time and the complexities of life can sometimes lead to a
gradual erosion of this precious bond. Geographical separation can make it difficult to
maintain regular contact, hindering the development of a strong and consistent connection.
Additionally, generational discrepancies in values, interests, and communication
styles can create misunderstandings and friction, further widening the gap between
grandparents and grandchildren. Moreover, the relentless demands of daily life, with
competing priorities and responsibilities, can make it challenging to carve out dedicated time
for intergenerational interactions, inadvertently pushing these cherished relationships to the
periphery.
To bridge this gap and cultivate the unique bond between grandparents and grandchildren,
several proactive approaches can be embraced. Regular communication, facilitated by the
marvels of modern technology, can help maintain a sense of connection despite geographical
barriers. Engaging in shared activities, whether it be a simple game of checkers or a shared
passion for gardening, can provide opportunities for meaningful interaction and the creation
of cherished memories that strengthen the bond.
Empathy and respect are crucial ingredients in nurturing this relationship. Grandparents
should actively strive to understand the evolving perspectives and needs of their
grandchildren, while children should cultivate an appreciation for the wisdom and
experience of their elders. Open and honest communication, coupled with a willingness
to compromise and find common ground, can foster understanding and forge a stronger
bond.
Finally, persistence and a unwavering commitment to nurturing this special relationship
are essential. Building a strong connection takes time and effort, and there will inevitably be
setbacks along the way. However, the rewards of fostering this extraordinary bond are
immeasurable. The love, support, and guidance exchanged between grandparents and
grandchildren enrich lives across generations, creating a legacy that transcends time and
circumstance, ensuring that the vibrant tapestry woven by this precious relationship
continues to flourish for generations to come.
Topic 18
Why is the first impression so important? How are people usually judged? What do
people do to enhance their appearance? What could you do to be more attractive and
what would you never do?
The human brain is a marvel of evolution, wired to process information and form judgments
in mere seconds. This means that first impressions hold immense weight, often shaping our
perception of someone long before we have a chance to truly know them. While this
subconscious process can be unfair, understanding its importance allows us to navigate the
world with greater awareness and intentionality.
One of the primary ways we judge individuals is through their appearance. From clothing
and hairstyle to body language and facial expressions, our outward presentation can
evoke a range of emotions and assumptions. A well-groomed individual with a confident
posture and a beaming smile is likely to be perceived as more approachable and trustworthy
than someone with an unkempt appearance and a downcast demeanor.
People often go to great lengths to enhance their appearance to make a positive first
impression. This might involve anything from investing in stylish clothes and professional
haircuts to adopting a healthy diet and exercise routine. While there's no denying the
power of a polished exterior, it's crucial to remember that true beauty lies within.
Instead of obsessing over superficial aspects, we should strive to develop genuine confidence
and charisma. This can be achieved by cultivating a positive attitude, engaging in
meaningful conversations, and demonstrating genuine interest in others. A dreamy look in
your eyes or a sparkling laugh can be far more captivating than any piece of clothing.
Of course, appearance is just one piece of the puzzle. Our actions, words, and
behaviors also play a critical role in shaping first impressions. Being respectful,
considerate, and helpful can go a long way in building rapport and trust. Conversely,
displaying arrogance, negativity, or lack of respect can leave a lasting negative impression.
When it comes to enhancing our attractiveness, there are several things we can do that don't
involve changing our physical appearance. Expanding our knowledge, developing new
skills, and engaging in creative pursuits can make us more interesting and well-rounded
individuals. Sharing our passions and interests with others can spark engaging
conversations and build connections.
Importantly, we should never engage in actions that compromise our values or
integrity. Lying, cheating, or gossiping might gain us temporary favor, but ultimately it will
damage our reputation and erode trust. Authenticity and genuine kindness are far more
attractive qualities in the long run.
Ultimately, a positive first impression is about creating a sense of connection and trust. It's
not about being perfect, but rather about presenting ourselves in a way that is authentic and
respectful. By focusing on developing our inner qualities and fostering genuine connections,
we can create a lasting impression that goes far beyond the superficial.
In conclusion, I would say that the most attractive person is one who is comfortable in their
skin, radiates positivity, and treats others with kindness and respect. These are the qualities
that truly make an individual shine.

Topic 19
There are a lot of problems that worry people in their everyday life. What are the most
pressing problems of our community? Talk about the greatest one in your opinion.
What are the reasons for it? What are the consequences? What can the state, the local
authorities and the public do to help solve it? Suggest your solutions.
The tapestry of our community is woven with vibrant threads of diverse lives, but its fabric is
unfortunately stained with the dark hues of crime. While petty offenses
like jaywalking or littering may disrupt the daily rhythm, it's the specter of violent
crime that casts a long and chilling shadow over our collective well-being. In my opinion,
the most pressing issue plaguing our community is the escalation of muggings and
robberies, a trend fueled by a complex web of societal and economic factors.
The reasons for this alarming rise are multifaceted. Socioeconomic disparities,
characterized by scarcity of opportunity and widespread unemployment, can push
individuals towards desperate measures. Lack of proper education and skills
training limits options, and the allure of quick, ill-gotten gains can prove tempting.
Furthermore, the breakdown of social structures and the erosion of trust within communities
create fertile ground for criminal activity to flourish.
The consequences of this unchecked crime wave are far-reaching. Physical harm and
emotional trauma inflicted on victims ripple outwards, leaving lasting scars on individuals
and families. A pervasive sense of insecurity stifles economic activity and discourages
investment, hindering the community's progress. The erosion of trust in law enforcement and
local authorities further deepens the chasm between the community and those tasked with its
protection.
To effectively tackle this complex problem, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. State-
level interventions must focus on addressing the root causes of crime, such as poverty and
lack of opportunity. Investing in education and skills training programs, coupled
with employment initiatives, can equip individuals with the tools to build a secure future
without resorting to crime. Additionally, strengthening social safety nets can provide a
crucial buffer against hardship and desperation.
Local authorities can play a vital role in enhancing community policing initiatives.
Increased police presence in high-risk areas, coupled with improved communication and
collaboration with residents, can foster trust and build a united front against crime.
Investing in community programs and initiatives that address social and emotional needs,
particularly among at-risk youth, can go a long way in preventing crime before it takes root.
The public, too, has a crucial role to play. Promoting a culture of awareness and vigilance,
while reporting suspicious activity promptly, can significantly aid law enforcement
efforts. Empowering communities through neighborhood watch programs can create a
network of support and collective responsibility for safety.
My solutions lie in bridging the gap between these different stakeholders. Open dialogue
and collaborative efforts between the state, local authorities, and the community are
essential to understand the nuances of the problem and develop effective solutions. Investing
in preventative measures like community programs and social support systems, while
ensuring swift and fair justice for offenders, can send a powerful message of deterrence.
Ultimately, tackling crime requires a shift in perspective. It's not just about apprehending
criminals, but about addressing the underlying factors that push individuals towards
crime. By creating a community where opportunity thrives, security prevails, and hope
flourishes, we can weave a brighter future, one where the threads of safety and well-being
are firmly interlaced.
In conclusion, I would say, that every individual has the power to contribute to a safer
community. By demonstrating empathy, fostering trust, and actively participating in
community initiatives, we can collectively work towards a future where the shadow of
crime fades, leaving our community bathed in the warm glow of security and shared
prosperity.

Topic 20
Every person has committed a petty offence at least once in their lifetime. Talk about
“Judgment Day” in magistrate court. What kind of minor offences are dealt with
there? What drives people to break the rules? Have you ever committed a petty
offence? Have you been punished?
The air in the magistrate's court hums with a peculiar energy. It's a place where the mundane
mingles with the desperate, where the consequences of a five-a-side tackle gone
wrong collide with the fallout of a wanton act of vandalism. Here, amidst the shuffle of
paperwork and the flush-faced whispers of defendants, unfolds a human tapestry woven
with threads of misdemeanors and minor transgressions.
Every day, this courtroom becomes the stage for a peculiar brand of theatre. The cast: a
motley crew of individuals, from the squat teenager with a stolen bicycle to the geriatric
couple caught bickering over a parking space. Their offenses, though seemingly
insignificant in the grand scheme of things, carry the weight of harsh fines, community
service, and the sting of public judgment.
But what drives individuals to break the rules in such seemingly inconsequential ways? The
answer, like the court itself, is a baffling mix of motivations. Financial pressures can push
the "pillars of the community" into petty theft, while a moment of youthful
exuberance can land a lad in the dock for littering or jaywalking. Sometimes, it's
a desperate cry for attention, a way to break free from the millstone of anonymity that can
plague even the most ordinary lives.
I must admit I have been guilty of minor transgressions like jaywalking or littering during
reckless moments in my youth. While I managed to avoid legal punishment, I did learn
valuable lessons about taking responsibility for my actions. The embarrassment and guilt I
felt served as powerful deterrents against future rule-breaking. Most people can likely recall
some foolish infraction they got away with but never repeated after the shame of it sunk in.
But the court is more than just a platform for dispensing punishment. It's a microcosm of
society, a reflection of our vulnerabilities and the pressures that can push us towards
the conveyor belt of minor offenses. It's a place where magistrates, clad in their stern-
looking robes, become not just judges, but also social commentators, offering glimpses into
the struggles and complexities of everyday life.
So, the next time you find yourself languidly lingering outside a courtroom, don't be fooled
by the seemingly trivial nature of the proceedings within. Take a moment to look beyond
the brawlers and the roadhogs, the misunderstood juveniles, and the misguided
geriatrics. For in their stories, in their unanticipated brushes with the law, lies a hidden
narrative, a tale of human fallibility and the constant struggle to navigate the maze of rules
that govern our lives.
Ultimately, the magistrate's court is not just a place of judgment, but also a space for
reflection. It reminds us that even the most minor offenses carry weight and that integrity
and adherence to the law are pillars upon which a just society rests. And perhaps, in
acknowledging this, we can all strive towards a future where the eulogies sung in courtrooms
are not for petty offenses, but for lives lived with conscience and compassion, where
the pillars of the community remain standing, not through fear of punishment, but through
a commitment to the ennoblement of our shared humanity.

Topic 21
Crime rate is one of the most important figures in statistics which characterizes
stability of the country. Why do people turn to crime? What are the main theories
explaining criminal behavior? Which of them do you support?
Stability and cohesion in any nation rests upon effective rule of law and public confidence in
governance. Thus when crime rates climb, alarm bells should sound. Criminality signals
decay in the social contract and requires investigation of root causes. Of the theories
proffered, social structure resonates most in contextualizing the conditions that give rise to
violations.
Economic precarity features prominently in driving crime. Persistent poverty and lack of
pathways out of hardship constrain options. When legitimate opportunities for advancement
seem out of reach, some turn in desperation to illegal means of provision and profit. Cost
barriers to healthcare, addiction treatment, education, and housing also perpetuate the cycle.
Mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders are left untreated due to stigma or inability to
pay exact profound trauma upon communities. Discrimination in banking and justice
further engenders social alienation and distrust.
Loss of political enfranchisement similarly cultivates the petri dish for crime. When
governments grow deaf and unresponsive to constituencies, citizens lose faith. Rule of law
applied unevenly or tainted by corruption erodes confidence. And where bias, lack of
accountability and insensitivity towards vulnerable groups prevail, violence
often arises to fill the vacuum. Citizens denied dignity and voice seek it by other means.
Also evident are breakdowns in the social safety net. As supportive institutions like schools,
neighborhood groups, religious centers, unions, and recreation centers atrophy, individuals
have fewer resilient lifelines to help weather setbacks. Isolation takes root,
problems snowball, and small missteps spiral into catastrophe. Many
pathologies plaguing society thus converge and intertwine to nourish criminal behavior.
Rational choice theory is compelling in certain contexts but cannot account for systemic
disparities. While psychological predispositions may play a role in some cases, painting all
criminals as deviants ignores sociological contributors. Social structure theory
instead draws needed attention to the surroundings shaping decisions, challenging leaders
to view crime as a derivative of collective breakdowns.
Governments must therefore bolster institutions around equitable healthcare, education,
economic inclusion, and governance accountability. Robust social services can help
citizens navigate challenges before they become untenable. Investments lifting people out
of poverty and expanding opportunity open paths beyond exploitation. And protection of
civil rights coupled with responsive representation helps restore public trust.
Compassion and leadership willing to tackle root causes are imperative. As social beings,
we impact one another; either for good or ill. Crime often germinates in spaces of despair
and rupture. But its antidote emerges through dignity, resources, and faith seeded in all
communities. Laws alone cannot redress these gaps; policy supporting human potential is
desperately needed. In gleaming light on where society failed its most vulnerable, social
structure theory points the way forward.

Topic 22
“Punishment should fit the crime”. Do you agree with this statement? What are the
principal types of punishment? What are the aims of it? What kind of punishment can
be the most effective if a person commits a misdemeanor? How should people who
commit a felony be punished?
The notion of "punishment fitting the crime" echoes through the halls of justice, a seemingly
straightforward principle guiding our legal systems. Yet, behind this alluring simplicity lies a
labyrinth of ethical and practical complexities. To truly understand the nuances of
punishment, we must shed the skin of rigid formulas and embrace the multifaceted nature of
both crime and consequence.
At its core, punishment serves a multi-pronged purpose. It seeks to deter potential offenders
through the specter of harsh consequences, a millstone around the neck serving as a
constant reminder of the law's bite. This incapacitates those who choose to transgress,
preventing them from inflicting further harm on society. But punishment also plays a role
in retribution, offering a semblance of justice to victims and society at large. It seeks
to balance the scales, ensuring that the scales of consequence tip towards restoration.
However, solely focusing on retribution can lead us down a treacherous
path. Harsh punishments, while serving as a deterrent, can often contribute to
the scarcity of opportunities for rehabilitation. A geriatric offender languishing in a prison
cell for a youthful mistake serves as a stark reminder of the potential cruelty inherent in an
overly punitive approach. In such cases, the question arises: does our desire for
retribution credible justify the diminishing of human life?
Furthermore, the notion of a crime neatly "fitting" a punishment ignores the human
element that is inextricably woven into every transgression. Every offender is a tapestry of
experiences, motivations, and circumstances. To brandish the same punishment for a petty
theft committed by a desperate teenager and a wanton act of embezzlement by a corporate
predator is to ignore the profound disparities in culpability and potential for rehabilitation.
Therefore, we must move beyond the blunt instrument of "fitting" and embrace a
more nuanced approach. Restorative justice practices offer a glimmer of hope,
encouraging victim-offender dialogue and fostering healing on both sides. Community
service can provide offenders with a chance to make amends while retraining programs
equip them with the tools to bridge the generation gap and build a more productive future.
Ultimately, the true test of an effective punishment system lies not in its capacity to inflict
pain, but in its ability to combat crime, support victims, and facilitate the reintegration of
offenders. This requires a commitment to research, continuous evaluation, and a
willingness to confront biases and inequalities that distort the scales of justice.
The quest for a just and effective punishment system is no easy feat. It demands
a reversal from the rigid confines of "fitting" and a swing towards a more holistic approach.
By prioritizing mitigating factors, empowering victims, and investing in rehabilitation, we
can move towards a future where punishment catalyzes change, not a mere burden on
society. Only then can we truly claim to have found a suitable response to the complex and
ever-evolving world of crime.

Topic 23
Why people are so much concerned with the problem of ageing population? What are
the main problems people face when they retire? What can the state, the local
authorities and the public do to help them lead a happy life?
An aging population poses profound questions about social contracts and care systems. As
lifespans lengthen and birth rates decline, senior citizens comprise a soaring proportion. Yet
infrastructure often limps in enabling well-being for this cohort. Upon retiring, critical
gaps emerge around income, healthcare, housing, mobility, purpose, and belonging. Holistic
solutions are imperative to help seniors thrive.
The policy implications span economic, medical, and social domains. Pensions and safety
nets designed for brief post-career periods now strain to meet elongating demand. The
healthcare system grapples with a heightened incidence of complex conditions and demand
for long-term services, yet changes lag. And longer lives without accessible opportunities for
community or self-actualization risk turning golden years into lonely ones.
Upon exiting the workforce, income plummets for many. Savings are quickly eroded if
not bolstered by social welfare programs, precarious given economic volatility. Cost of
living spikes, healthcare, eye care and medications also sap fixed budgets. Too often
retirement culminates in financial distress rather than earned respite.
Pensioners also encounter new hardships in accessing care. Specialist shortages,
coordination gaps, lack of transparency around options, and costs all mount. For rural and
low-income populations distance and mobility barriers also emerge. System navigation
becomes endlessly complex absent guides. And families struggle to fill gaps as informal
caregivers.
Social challenges likewise abound. Ageism marginalizes and isolates - cultural cues treat
seniors as frail rather than recognizing their continued potential. Bereavement and mobility
limitations shrink community connections. Loneliness takes hold absent outlets. And the
purpose work once provided now evaporates, leaving questions of identity and meaning.
All spheres - government, private sector, local organizations, communities, and families -
must collaborate across generations and ability to enable this longevity revolution.
Solutions should center seniors while benefitting entire communities. Interventions
could range from care system reforms and age-friendly neighborhood redesign to
multigenerational centers offering lifelong learning, recreation, preventive services , remote
healthcare, meals on wheels and community. Workplaces warrant incentives to retain older
talent, perhaps developing mentorship models.
Cultivating physical, social and financial wellness across the lifespan is essential so all
may savor the years gained. An aging population marks progress but also an obligation
to innovate. Only by embedding OAPS as vital pillars upholding society can that collective
potential be fulfilled. Outdated systems, ageist assumptions, and access barriers must yield to
this reality. Each generation holds a shared stake in rising together to enable long and
purposeful lives.

Topic 24
What makes people set up charities? Why do people donate money to them? Talk about
charitable organizations you know. What is their message? Do you approve of their
activities? Do you give money to charities? Why? Give you reasons.
Philanthropic organizations spring up to plug societal gaps where governments falter. As
public safety nets erode amid austerity policies and political gridlock, charities strive
valiantly to shelter vulnerable populations forsaken by the state’s retreating reach.
They confront entrenched interests and fill voids even when funded through mere pennies
pooled from citizen donations rather than ensured through systemic rededication to welfare.
For now, with humanitarian crises crescendoing, they sound vital alarms and provide
urgent relief to those in dire need. However, reliance on charitable intervention alone cannot
achieve durable solutions; only governance reforms centered on human rights and dignity
can.
Groups tackling homelessness like Shelter not only minister to those doubly victimized by
poverty and housing insecurity. They also directly lobby for protective policies around social
housing, affordability mandates, and tenants’ rights while railing against callous practices
that unjustly drive many onto streets and into night shelters. They point to prevention paths
societies neglect in allowing gentrification and speculative investment to inflate living costs
beyond most families’ means. For now, they fill the breach with blankets and hot meals for
growing homeless encampments. But only legislation can turn the tide to stem
displacement.
Greenpeace, Sunrise Movement, and other ecological groups sound sirens on climate and
habitat collapse while directly confronting polluting industries. As governments dither,
activists lay their bodies on the line through obstruction, occupations, and protests
that rupture complacency by forcing these planetary threats into public consciousness.
They spotlight government capitulation to fossil fuel lobbies and mobilize the grassroots
to demand accelerated decarbonization timelines along with conservation and climate
adaptation investments. But markets alone cannot avert catastrophe; transformative
economic reforms are crucial to preserve ecosystems underpinning life itself.
And groups like Amnesty International lift voices for the voiceless when oppression drives
suffering into the shadows, actively documenting human rights violations globally. They
directly assail administrations complicit in enabling repression while marshaling public
pressure through awareness campaigns, petitions, and protests. Where institutions turn a
blind eye to persecution, activism sounds moral outrage. Yet lasting relief relies upon
international governance bodies and national governments heeding calls to enshrine human
dignity as the highest duty of the state.
In sum, such organizations spotlight suffering allowed to fester due to political failure.
They compel societal conscience around neglected issues even amid inertia in halls of
power. And they provide urgent triage to victims abandoned in the widening gulf between
professed principles and priorities actualized. But for democracy and justice to prevail,
governments must be held accountable. Rights vulnerable to willful disregard during one
administration must receive constitutional shielding for posterity.
So while charity may remedy discrete issues temporarily, only committed governance
placing people over profit can remedy systemic gaps. Social safety nets demand adequate
public funding, not donations or volunteers alone. The work of change is a collective
struggle. Through solidarity and compassion as guiding lights, society can lift even its most
marginalized members.