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Sampling Methods in Research Surveys

This document appears to be a practice test for a unit on practical research given to students at Gabi National High School in the Philippines. It consists of 22 multiple choice questions testing concepts related to research methodology, such as different sampling methods, measures of central tendency, hypotheses, and interpreting research results. The questions cover topics like identifying sample types, calculating averages, distinguishing between null and alternative hypotheses, and applying hypotheses to experimental designs.

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Argie Joy Marie Ampol
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85 views5 pages

Sampling Methods in Research Surveys

This document appears to be a practice test for a unit on practical research given to students at Gabi National High School in the Philippines. It consists of 22 multiple choice questions testing concepts related to research methodology, such as different sampling methods, measures of central tendency, hypotheses, and interpreting research results. The questions cover topics like identifying sample types, calculating averages, distinguishing between null and alternative hypotheses, and applying hypotheses to experimental designs.

Uploaded by

Argie Joy Marie Ampol
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION XI
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DAVAO DE ORO
GABI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
GABI, COMPOSTELA, DAVAO DE ORO

UNIT TEST
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
S.Y. 2023 - 2024

Name: ______________________________________________ Date: _____________________________


Grade & Section: _____________________________________ Score: ____________________________

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write your answer in the space provided.

____1. A school chooses 3 randomly selected athletes from each of its sports teams to participate in a survey about athletics at the school.
What type of sample is this?
a. Simple Random Sampling c. Stratified Random Sampling
b. Clustered Sampling d. Systematic Random Sampling
____2. A restaurant leaves comment cards on all its tables to learn about customer satisfaction. Each comment card is a brief survey that
customers can fill out if they choose to. What type of sample is this?
a. Simple Random Sampling c. Stratified Random Sampling
b. Clustered Sampling d. None of the above
_____3. At Amira’s pizza shop, they open a fresh batch of pizza sauce for every 10th pizza they make. Amira decides she wants to take a
sample of pizzas in a given day and evaluate their overall quality. Her shop makes approximately 150 pizzas per day, and she doesn’t
want to sample more pizzas for time’s sake. Amira decides to use systematic random samples where she’ll evaluate every k th pizza
made that day. Why might Amira choose k = 17, instead of k = 10?
a. Larger values of k produce samples that are generally more representative of the population.
b. In terms of pizza sauce freshness, Amira will likely get a more representative sample if she uses k = 17
c. Amira will sample more than 10 pizzas if she uses k = 10
d. None of the above.
_____4. A college professor wants to survey a sample of students taking her large lecture course. There are about 150 students in the
course, and 10 of those students are graduate students. She wants to take a systematic random sample of approximately 30 students.
a. Randomly select 15 men and 15 women from the class for the survey.
b. Randomly select 2 graduate students and 28 other students for the survey.
c. Randomly select one of the first 5 students to arrive at class, and every 5th student thereafter to take the survey.
d. Randomly select one of the first 15 students to arrive to class, and every 15th student thereafter to take the survey.
____5. A concert venue offers tickets in 3 zones: orchestra, grand tier, and balcony. Tickets in the orchestra zone are the most expensive,
and tickets in the balcony zone are the least expensive. Managers of the venue want to survey approximately 150 guests at an
upcoming concert about their overall experience. They want to take a stratified random sample of guests based on the venue zones.
Which of these strategies will accomplish the intended design?
a. Use a computer to randomly select 150 tickets and invite those guests to participate in the survey.
b. Invite the first 150 guests who arrive to participate in the survey.
c. Invite every 10th guest who arrives to participate in the survey until 150 people have been selected.
d. Randomly select 50 tickets from each zone and invite those guests to participate in the survey.

____6. There are 90 students in a lunch period, and 5 of them will be selected at random for cleaning duty every week. Each student
receives a number 1-90 and the school uses a random digit table to select a simple random sample of 5 students. Which 5 students
should be assigned cleaning duty?
96565 05007 16605 81194 14873

a. 96, 56, 50, 50, 7


b. 95, 56, 50, 7, 16
c. 56, 50, 50, 7, 6
d. 56, 50, 7, 16, 60
____7. Marry wants to conduct a survey about the teachers’ teaching competence in Cilacap. What can be the hypothesis?
a. Ha: There is competence in Cilacap teachers.
b. No hypothesis
c. Ho: There is no competence in Cilacap teachers.
d. Ho: There is no correlation between teaching competence
____8. Which of the following is a type of non-probability sample?
a. Systematic b. cluster c. judgment d. simple random
____9. A teacher wants to know the average time spent doing homework by the students in her class of 20 girls and 5 boys. She selects
the five closest to her desk. What sample is this?
a. Systematic b. simple random c. convenience d. snowball
____10. What is the mean of the following numbers? 10, 39, 71, 39, 76, 38, 25
a. 42 b. 39 c. 42.6 d. 35.5
____11. The following table of grouped data represents the weight (in pounds) of 100 computer towers. Calculate the mean weight for a
computer.

Weight (pounds) Number of Computers


3-5 8
6-8 25
9-11 45
12-14 13
15-17 5
18-20 4
a. 8.82 b. 9.82 c. 9.8 d. 8.8
____12. What is the median of the following numbers? 10, 39, 71, 42, 39, 76, 38, 25
a. 42.5 b. 39 c. 42 d. 35.5
____13. The front row in a movie theatre has 23 seats. If you were asked to sit in the seat that occupied the median position, in which seat
would you have to sit?
a. 1 b. 11 c. 23 d. 12
____14. Which of the following is not the characteristic of a hypothesis?
a. Testable b. logical
c. directly related to the research problem d. represents a complex unit or subject of the problem
____15. It is a statement that reflects that there will be no observed effect in the study?
a. Null Hypothesis c. Alternative Hypothesis
b. Definition of Terms d. Conceptual Framework
____16. Identify which of the following best describes this “There is no significant relationship between the length of ears and life span?
a. Null Hypothesis c. Empirical Hypothesis
b. Alternative Hypothesis d. Logical Hypothesis
____17. If a hypothesis is true and we do not reject it, which of the following is the correct decision of this?
a. A true hypothesis is rejected. C. A false hypothesis is not rejected.
b. A true hypothesis is not rejected. D. A false hypothesis is rejected.
____18. We have made the correct decision if,
a. A true hypothesis is rejected. C. A false hypothesis is not rejected.
b. A true hypothesis is not rejected. D. A false hypothesis is rejected.
____19. Which of the following is not the importance and purpose of a hypothesis?
a. It provides a tentative explanation of phenomenon and facilitates the extension of knowledge in the area.
b. It provides direction to the research. It provides a framework for reporting conclusions of the study.
c. It could be tested and shown to be probably supported, apart from one’s own values and opinions.
d. It provides a complex statement to the research. It should support the related literature of the study.

____20. Identify which of the following best describes as an example of the statement, “There is a significant relationship between the test
score and final grade of students”?
a. Null Hypothesis c. Complex Hypothesis
b. Alternative Hypothesis d. Simple Hypothesis
____21. “There is a significant difference between the height of eggplant of control and experimental group”, this is an example of?
a. Null Hypothesis c. Empirical Hypothesis
b. Alternative Hypothesis d. Statistical Hypothesis
____22. Juan and Pedro, are the students of John J. Russell Memorial High School conducting an experiment on how fertilizer X will
enhance the fruits of squash. Which of the following hypothesis should they focus on to test their problem?
a. There is no relationship between fertilizer X and the water.
b. There is a relationship between fertilizer X and water.
c. There is no significant difference between the number of fruits of control and experimental groups after using fertilizer X.
d. There is a significant difference between the number of fruits of control and experimental groups after using fertilizer X.
____23. A researcher is interested in finding out whether there is a relationship between gender and opinion towards the taste of Milktea.
What is the appropriate null hypothesis to use?
a. There is no relationship between gender and opinion towards the taste of Milktea.
b. There is no difference between gender and opinion towards the taste of Milktea.
c. There is no possible hypothesis for the problem.
d. The problem is not testable.
____24. Imagine that you design and conduct an experiment based on your hypothesis that adding activated charcoal to soil allows more
plants to grow. You find that in the soil with activated charcoal, more plants grew than in the soil without activated charcoal. As a
researcher, you would say that:
A. The results of your experiment do not support your hypothesis
B. The results of your experiment support your hypothesis.
C. Your results proved your hypothesis right.
D. Your results proved your hypothesis wrong.
____25. Choose the best definition for the word “hypothesis” from definitions below.
a. A conclusion based on the results of your study.
b. A guess about how something in science works.
c. A testable answer to scientific question.
d. None of these.
____26. Predictions made from a hypothesis should include:
a. Both the independent and dependent variables.
b. No variable at all.
c. Only dependent variable.
d. Only independent variable.
____27. What sampling technique is used when the researcher would like to consider giving an equal chance to the member of the
accessible population being selected as part of the study?
a. Simple Random Sampling c. Systematic Sampling
b. Stratified Sampling d. Cluster Sampling
____28. When can we consider a research sample as the “best”?
a. Representative of the population c. conveniently represented
b. Systematically chosen d. purposely selected
____29. What is the main objective of using stratified random sampling?
a. Sample was chosen proportionately drawn from the different categories of the population
b. Sample is taken from the accessible population than the target population
c. Every individual will be given an equal chance to be selected.
d. Those who will possibly respond to treatment are chosen
____30. What is the sampling method used in the given situation?
Teacher Joan wants to know if the new learning modalities of the school effects on the academic performance of students in the
science curriculum. He took the list of students and selected every 8th name in each class list as participant.
a. Stratified Random Sampling c. Systematic Random Sampling
b. Simple Random Sampling d. Cluster Sampling

____31. A set of four numbers that begins with the number 32 is arranged from smallest to
largest. If the median is 35, which of the following could possibly be the set of numbers?
a. 32, 32, 36, 38
b. 32, 35, 38, 41
c. 32, 34, 36, 35
d. 32, 36, 40, 44
____32. The number of service upgrades sold by each of 30 employees is as follows:
32, 6, 21, 10, 8, 11, 12, 36, 17, 16, 15, 18, 40, 24, 21, 23, 24, 24, 29, 16, 32, 31, 10, 30, 35, 32, 18, 39, 12, 20
What is the median number of service upgrades sold by the 30 employees?
a. 18 b. 21 c. 24 d. 32
_____33. What is the mode of the following numbers? 12, 11, 14, 10, 8, 13, 11, 9
a. 11 b. 10 c. 14 d. 8
____34. Given that your study will use stratified random sampling, wherein the population of your scope is 250 with a computed sample
size of 152, how many samples for each stratum will you have if group 1 has 92, group 2 has 86, and group 3 has 72 populations?
A. Group 1 = 52, Group 2 = 54, Group 3 = 45
B. Group 1 = 56, Group 2 = 45, Group 3 = 51
C. Group 1 = 52, Group 2 = 52, group 3 = 44
D. Group 1 = 54, Group 2 = 56, Group 3 = 41
____35. What measure of central tendency is calculated by adding all the values and dividing the sum by the number of values?
a. Median b. Mean c. Mode d. Typical value
____36. Why would a researcher choose to use Simple Random Sampling as a sampling technique?
a. To consider giving equal chance to the member of the accessible population being selected as part of the study.
b. To make sure that all subcategories of the population are represented in the selection of sample.
c. To group the entire population into clusters since the location of the samples are widely spread.
d. To systematically choose samples from a given list of individuals.
____37. The mean of four numbers is 71.5. If three of the numbers are 58, 76, and 88, what is the value of the fourth
number?
a. 68 b. 60 c. 64 d. 82
____38. Which of the following refers to the totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given
condition?
A. Population B. Sample C. Sample Frame D. Quartet
____39. What refers to is the specific group that you will collect data from which also refers to the subset in a
population?
A. Population B. Sample C. Sample Frame D. Quartet
____40. The following statement described a hypothesis EXCEPT;
a. A hypothesis is an educated prediction that can be tested.
b. A hypothesis is used in an experiment to define the relationship between two variables.
c. A hypothesis will force the researcher to think about what results he should look for in an experiment.
d. A hypothesis must be testable, taking into account current knowledge and techniques, and be idealistic.

ANSWER KEY:
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. A
17. B
18. D
19. D
20. B
21. B
22. C
23. A
24. D
25. C
26. A
27. A
28. A
29. A
30. C
31. C
32. B
33. A
34. C
35. B
36. A
37. C
38. A
39. B
40. D

Common questions

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A researcher would prefer using cluster sampling when dealing with large, geographically dispersed populations where it is impractical to conduct simple random sampling. This method involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting entire clusters for study. Cluster sampling is cost-effective and efficient in such scenarios. In contrast, stratified sampling is more suited for ensuring subgroup representation, and systematic sampling when a list of the population is available and a regular sampling interval can be practical. Cluster sampling reduces logistical challenges and is appropriate when the differences within clusters are minimized .

The formulation of null and alternative hypotheses is fundamental to hypothesis testing, as these hypotheses provide the framework within which statistical tests are conducted. The null hypothesis typically states that there is no effect or relationship between variables, serving as a baseline for testing. The alternative hypothesis suggests the presence of an effect or relationship. Through statistical testing, researchers either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, thereby supporting or not supporting the alternative hypothesis. This rigorous process allows for objective and systematic evaluation of assumptions, fostering evidence-based conclusions in research .

A scientifically valuable hypothesis is testable, falsifiable, and grounded in existing knowledge and theory. It should be specific and clear enough to allow for operationalization and experimentation. A hypothesis's testability and falsifiability ensure that it can be objectively evaluated through research, leading to valid conclusions. This impacts the outcome of an experiment by providing a focused question that guides research design and methodology, enhancing the reliability and validity of the findings, and advancing scientific knowledge by confirming, refuting, or refining current understanding .

Systematic sampling might be preferred when simplicity and ease of implementation are important, as it involves selecting subjects at regular intervals (every kth member) from a list. It is particularly useful when a complete list of the population is available and the population is reasonably homogenous. In contrast, stratified random sampling is preferred when it is critical to ensure that specific subgroups are proportionately represented in the sample. This method is ideal when the population is diverse, and specific strata need to be studied in detail, minimizing sampling variance and leading to more representative results .

Convenience sampling is limited in that it often leads to biased samples that are not representative of the entire population, as it involves choosing participants that are easiest to reach rather than those selected randomly. This can limit the generalizability of the findings and may introduce systematic bias, as the sample may only represent those who are readily available or willing to participate. In contrast, probability sampling methods, such as simple random or stratified sampling, use random selection processes that give each member of the population an equal chance of being selected, leading to more representative samples and enhancing the external validity of the research .

Formulating a testable hypothesis is crucial as it provides a clear and focused research question that guides the design and methodology of the study. Including both independent and dependent variables in predictions helps in clearly outlining how the researcher expects the independent variable to affect the dependent variable, ensuring that the research is focused and objective. This facilitates the scientific process by allowing the hypothesis to be tested through controlled experimentation and observation, ensuring that the findings are valid and reliable .

A researcher might incorrectly reject or fail to reject a null hypothesis due to sampling errors, methodological flaws, or statistical anomalies. Type I error (false positive) occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected, leading to the conclusion that an effect or relationship exists when it does not. Conversely, Type II error (false negative) happens when a false null hypothesis is not rejected, failing to detect an actual effect or relationship. These errors have critical implications for the validity and credibility of research findings, potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions that may influence practice or policy wrongly .

Stratified random sampling offers the advantage of ensuring that every subgroup within a population is adequately represented, which improves the precision and reliability of the results. Unlike simple random sampling, which might lead to underrepresentation of smaller groups, stratified random sampling divides the population into strata and ensures a proportional representation from each stratum, reducing sampling error and yielding more generalized and applicable results .

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