Holiday Assignment
U-2: SOLUTIONS
Question 1.
Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics. (CBSE Delhi 2014)
Question 2.
Define the terms ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of using
osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties for the determination
of molar masses of solutes in solutions? (CBSE 2010)
Question 3.
State Henry’s law and write its two applications. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Question 4.
A solution of chloroform and acetone is an example of maximum boiling azeotrope.
Why? (CBSE Sample Paper 2012)
Question 5.
a)Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is
raised?
b)State Raoult’s taw for the solution containing volatile components. (CBSE Delhi
2015)
Question 6.
Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol-1) to be dissolved in 75 g
of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol-1). (CBSE Delhi
2014)
Question 7.
Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. (All India 2010)
Question 8.
What are isotonic solutions? (Delhi 2014)
Question 9.
18 g of glucose, C6H12O6 (Molar mass – 180 g mol-1) is dissolved in 1 kg of water
in a sauce pan. At what temperature will this solution boil? (Kb for water = 0.52 K
kg mol-1, boiling point of pure water = 373.15 K) (Delhi 2013)
Question 10.
An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering
in freezing points of water with the help of a suitable diagram. (Comptt. Delhi 2013)
Question 11.
Derive expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatile. (Comptt. Delhi
2013)
Question 12.
How is the vapour pressure of a solvent affected when a non-volatile solute is
dissolved in it? (Comptt. Delhi 2014)
Question 13.
What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law? Give an example. What is
the sign of ∆mixH for positive deviation? (Delhi 2015)
Question 14.
Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from
Raoult’s law? Given an example. (Delhi) 2015
Question 15.
Define the following terms:
(i) Abnormal molar mass
(ii) van’t Hoff factor (i) (Delhi 2017)
Electro Chemistry-Revision Test
[Link] conductivity of 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.025 S cm -1. Calculate its
molar conductivity.
2. State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Why does the
conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution?
3. Define the following terms :
(i) Fuel cell
(ii) Limiting molar conductivity (Λ°m)
4. Two half-reactions of an electrochemical cell are given below :
MnO–4 (aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5e– → Mn2+ (aq) + 4H2O (I), E° = 1.51 V
Sn2+ (aq) → Sn4+ (aq) + 2e–, E° = + 0.15 V.
Construct the redox reaction equation from the two half-reactions and calculate the
cell potential from the standard potentials and predict if the reaction is reactant or
product favoured
5. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25°C : Ag(s) | Ag+ (10-3 M) || Cu2+ (10-1 M)
| Cu(s) Given E0cell = +0.46 V and log 10n = n.
Revision Test- Chemical Kinetics
1. a) Define rate constant (K)
b) A reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant. How will the rate of
reaction be affected if the concentration of this reactant is: (i) doubled, (ii)
reduced to half? 2M
2. Define each of the following :
(i) Specific rate of a reaction (ii) Energy of activation of a reaction
2M
3. Derive integrated rate equation for rate constant of a first order reaction.
2M
4. The rate constant for a reaction of zero order in A is 0.012 mol L -1 s-1.
How long will it take for the initial concentration of A to fall from 1.50 M to 0.05
M? 2M
5. What do you understand by the ‘order of a reaction?
Identify the reaction order from each of the following units of reaction rate
constant:
(i) L-1 mol s-1 (ii) L mol-1 s-1
2M
6. The rates of most reactions double when their temperature is raised from 298 K
to 308 K. Calculate their activation energy. [R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1] 2M
7. How much time will it take to reduce the initial concentration of the reactant to
its l/5th value, the rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s -1? 3M
Revision Test- d and f Block Elements 15Marks
1. Which of the following cations are coloured in aqueous solutions and why?
Sc3+, V3+, Ti4+, Mn2+. (At. nos. Sc = 21, V = 23, Ti = 22, Mn = 25) 1M
[Link] reasons for the following :
(i) Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous solution.
(ii) Actinoids exhibit greater range of oxidation states than lanthanoids. 2M
3. How would you account for the following :
(i) Cr2+ is reducing in nature while with the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Mn 3+
is an oxidising agent.
(ii) In a transition series of metals, the metal which exhibits the greatest number of
oxidation states occurs in the middle of the series. 3M
4. Explain the following observations :
(i) Generally there is an increase in density of elements from titanium (Z = 22) to
copper
(Z = 29) in the first series of transition elements.
(ii) Transition elements and their compounds are generally found to be good
catalysts in chemical reactions.
(iii) Zinc is not regarded as a transition element. 3M
5. How would you account for the following?
(i) The highest oxidation state of a transition metal is usually exhibited in its oxide.
(ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition elements are virtually the
same as those of the corresponding members of the second series.
(iii) The E° value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for
Cr3+/Cr2+ couple or Fe2+/Fe2+ couple. 3M
6. (a) Which metal in the first transition series (3d series) exhibits +1 oxidation
state most frequency and why?
(b)Copper atom has completely filled d orbitals (3d10) in its ground state, yet it is
regarded as a transition element. Explain. 3M