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Overview of Computer Networks

Computer networks allow two or more computers to be connected together to share resources. There are two main types - an intranet, which is a private network within an organization, and the internet, which connects computers globally. The advantages of networks include centralized software and file sharing, faster data transfer, lower software costs through licensing, and increased security. However, networks also present disadvantages such as risks from server errors, inability to access the network if it fails, reduced performance from high traffic, and security risks from malware and hacking affecting all connected computers.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
117 views2 pages

Overview of Computer Networks

Computer networks allow two or more computers to be connected together to share resources. There are two main types - an intranet, which is a private network within an organization, and the internet, which connects computers globally. The advantages of networks include centralized software and file sharing, faster data transfer, lower software costs through licensing, and increased security. However, networks also present disadvantages such as risks from server errors, inability to access the network if it fails, reduced performance from high traffic, and security risks from malware and hacking affecting all connected computers.

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SirupyEwe Gamer
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Networks

What is a network?

A network is simply when:


• Two or more computers are linked together
• These computers are linked to share resources

Example resources being shared are: printers, les, or to enable and allow electronic
communications.

How can network computers be linked?


• Cables
• Telephone lines
• Radio waves
• Satellites
• Infrared light beams

There are two main types of network used by organisations and the average person:
An intranet (‘intra’ meaning ‘inside of’) and the internet (‘inter’ meaning ‘between’), you need only
be aware of the characteristics of an intranet for now.

Characteristics of an intranet:
• Used for local users in certain areas or organisations
• Is not open to all
• Used to share les, software, information, and communication only when computers
are linked to this closed network.

Advantages and disadvantages of a computer network


Now that we know what a network is, and what it is used for, we need to ask ourselves what the
advantages and disadvantages of computer networks are.

Advantages of a computer network:


• Centralised software management: This means that software can be loaded on the server
which saves time and energy in needing to install updates and track les between all computers
on the network.

• Resource sharing: Resources such as printers, les, scanners, modems, storage, etc can be
shared between computers on the same network which saves space and money.

• Speed: Files can be sent and recovered quickly by making use of a computer network. This
saves time and is more convenient than manual data delivery.

• Cost e ciency: Software licences may be charged per computer. By installing a single case of
software on the server which allows use by connected computers, license fees can be saved
and costs reduced.

• Security: Sensitive les and programs on a network can be password protected (encrypted) and
can also be made available as “read only” which helps to protect unwanted copying of les or
programs.
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Disadvantages of computer networks:
• Server errors (both software or hardware) present the following risks:
• You may be unable to run the application programs
• You are faced with an increased risk of data loss.

• Network failure will result in not being able to access data/peripherals on the network.

• Increased network tra c results in worse network performance, unless the network has been
properly designed.

• Network management becomes more di cult when more computers are added to a network.

• Malware or hacking puts the security of all network computers at risk.


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Common questions

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Centralized software management allows software to be installed and managed on a server rather than on individual computers, which leads to significant time and energy savings since updates and file tracking do not need to be done individually for each computer. This approach supports efficient resource allocation and can also reduce costs, as software licenses can be managed more intelligently .

Malware or hacking threats pose significant risks to network security and organizational operations as they can lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, and service disruptions. The impact includes potential loss of sensitive data, legal liabilities, and damage to the organization's reputation. Mitigating these threats requires robust security measures such as firewalls, encryption, and continuous network monitoring .

The security of sensitive files benefits from being shared over a network as they can be protected via password encryption and can be set to ‘read only’ to prevent unwanted copying. This approach provides controlled access and helps in safeguarding against unauthorized dissemination of information .

Intranets are used within organizations to provide local users access to shared resources like files and software. Unlike the internet, an intranet is not open to all, providing a controlled environment where information is shared securely among members of an organization. This characteristic makes intranets particularly suitable for sensitive operations requiring high security and internal consistency .

Increased network traffic can overwhelm the network infrastructure, leading to congestion and deteriorating performance. To prevent such issues, proper network design techniques such as load balancing, traffic prioritization, and segmentation can be employed. These measures help distribute the load evenly, prioritize critical data packets, and isolate segments to enhance overall network efficiency .

Networking infrastructure choices significantly impact resource sharing efficiency and network performance. For instance, while cables may provide stable and high-bandwidth connections suitable for resource sharing, they lack mobility. Conversely, radio waves offer flexibility and mobility, enabling wireless connectivity, yet they may experience interference and bandwidth fluctuations affecting performance. The choice between these options should consider the specific needs of the network environment and its use cases .

Network-based software installations allow for a single software license to be used across multiple computers, as opposed to individual installations requiring separate licenses for each device. This method significantly lowers costs by minimizing the number of licenses required, making it an attractive solution for organizations seeking to maximize their investment in software while ensuring all users have access to necessary applications .

As more computers are added to a network, network management faces increased complexity due to the need for handling additional data traffic, security concerns, and resource allocation. Challenges can be mitigated by implementing scalable network architectures, using automated network management tools, and adopting policies that ensure efficient bandwidth and resource utilization. Proper network design from the outset can also prevent many management-related issues .

Resource sharing is a major advantage in computer networking as it allows for savings in space, time, and cost by efficiently utilizing shared resources such as printers and files. However, it can also be a potential drawback if improperly managed, as it may lead to resource contention, increased network traffic, and complex management responsibilities to ensure fair and efficient access .

Server errors in network environments can lead to significant risks such as the inability to run application programs, an increased risk of data loss, and denial of access to data or peripherals connected to the network. These issues can disrupt organizational operations and require comprehensive network management solutions to mitigate .

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