TPR481
SPATIAL DATA EXPLORATION
PREPARED BY:
SR. GS. TS. DR IZRAHAYU CHE HASHIM
Center of Studies for Surveying Science & Geomatics
What is Data Exploration in
GIS?
Data exploration refers to the activities of visualizing,
manipulating, and querying data using maps, tables, and
graphs. These activities offer a close look at the data and
function as a precursor to formal data analysis.
Data Exploration is about describing the data by means of
statistical and visualization techniques. We explore data in
order to bring important aspects of that data into focus for
further analysis.
DATA EXPLORATION IN GIS
• Data exploration is data - centered query and analysis.
• The purpose of data exploration is to better understand the data
and to help formulate research question and hypotheses.
• Data exploration refers to the initial step in data analysis in which
data analysts use data visualization and statistical techniques to
describe dataset characterizations
• Data query allows the user to:
– explore the general trends in the data
– Take a closer look at data subsets
– Focus on possible relationship between datasets
WHAT ARE DATA VISUALIZATION TOOLS?
By using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps,
data visualization tools provide an accessible way to see
and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data.
Extracting GIS data—One type of geographic
information system (GIS) analysis is querying
attributes, or extracting spatial features to create new
data.
DATA EXPLORATION IN GIS
• Used to search and browse the database
• Consists of two types such as Attribute and Spatial Data
Query
Data Query
• Structured query language (SQL) is a database “query”
language designed for extracting information from
relational databases
• Boolean expression (Logical operators: =, >, <, >=, <= and
<>) and Arithmetic Operation: ( +, -, /, x)
• Boolean Connectors (AND, OR, XOR and NOT)
Effective Geo-visualization consists of interactive and
Geographic
dynamically linked visual tools, including maps,
Visualization
graphs, and tables
DATA QUERIES TO EXTRACT FEATURES
Requires the processing of attribute data exclusive
of spatial information. In other words, it’s a process
of selecting information by asking logical questions.
Example: From a database of a city parcel map
where every parcel is listed
with a land use code, a simple attribute query may
require the identification
of all parcels for a specific land use type. S
Attribute Data Query
Involves selecting features based on location or
spatial relationships, which requires processing of
spatial information.
Example: Let us take one spatial query example
where a request is submitted for rezoning, all owners
whose land is within a certain distance of all parcels
that may be rezoned must be notified for public
hearing. A spatial query is required to identify all
Spatial Data Query
parcels within the specified distance.
Composite Map
Points Density
Geographical
Visualization
Symbols Map
Isoline Map
Interval
THANK YOU
