Control and Coordination: Competency Questions
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bhuvanmahajan91Control and Coordination: Competency Questions
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Powered by AIAuxins promote the growth of tendrils around a support by causing asymmetric growth. When a tendril contacts a support, auxin migrates to the side of the tendril opposite the contact point, stimulating cell elongation on that side. This differential growth causes the tendril to curl around the support, securing the plant as it grows .
When a hand touches a hot surface, sensory neurons are first activated, transmitting the heat stimulus to the spinal cord. The spinal cord then processes the information and sends immediate signals via motor neurons to the muscles, causing the hand to withdraw quickly. This reflex action does not require input from the brain, highlighting the efficiency of spinal reflex arcs in protective responses .
Bananas should not be stored in a polybag because the limited airflow can lead to the accumulation of ethylene gas, a gaseous phytohormone that accelerates ripening and spoilage. The confined environment within a polybag traps the ethylene released by bananas, hastening their spoilage .
Adrenalin helps manage emergency situations by triggering the 'fight or flight' response, a physiological reaction to perceived threats. It increases heart rate, expands air passages, and leads to the release of energy stores by stimulating glycogen breakdown, thus preparing the body to react quickly and effectively to stress. This hormone enhances alertness and physical readiness in emergencies .
When a mimosa plant's leaflet is touched, it closes in response to stimuli due to changes in turgor pressure within the cells at the base of the leaflet (pulvini). This response is a form of thigmonasty, triggered by ions moving into and out of cells, leading to water movement and rapid leaflet closure. The response is coordinated among the leaflets through signal transduction, allowing them to close even if not directly touched .
Abscisic acid is considered a stress hormone in plants because it plays a crucial role in responding to environmental stresses like drought. It induces stomatal closure to reduce water loss during dry conditions and modulates other stress-related physiological processes, effectively helping plants conserve resources and maintain homeostasis under adverse conditions .
Iodine deficiency impairs the function of the thyroid gland, which produces hormones crucial for metabolism regulation. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid cannot synthesize adequate amounts of thyroid hormones, leading to hypothyroidism, which can cause symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, and a swollen neck (goitre). This deficiency significantly impacts growth and development, particularly in children .
Iodized salt is recommended for dietary use to prevent iodine deficiency, which can lead to thyroid gland disorders such as goitre. Iodine is an essential nutrient for the production of thyroid hormones, and since many regions have natural iodine-scarce soils, fortifying salt with iodine helps ensure adequate intake across the population .
The swollen necks are caused by goitre, a disorder resulting from the deficiency of iodine in the diet. This condition is prevalent in some mountain regions because the soil in such areas tends to have low iodine content, leading to insufficient iodine in locally produced food. Without adequate iodine, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to compensate for the low hormone production, causing the swollen neck appearance .
The plants in the drawing room are bending towards one direction due to positive phototropism, a phenomenon where plants grow towards the light source. The plant hormone responsible for this phenomenon is auxin. Auxin is unevenly distributed in the plant, with higher concentrations on the side that is away from the light, causing the cells on that side to elongate more and the plant to bend towards the light .