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Understanding Computer Hardware Basics

A computer is an electronic device that operates under instructions stored in its memory to process data inputs. The basic components of a computer include input devices, output devices, a system unit, and storage. The system unit contains the central processing unit, memory, adapter cards, and power supply. Common categories of computers are personal computers, mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. A computer processes data inputs, stores and retrieves information from memory, and outputs the results.

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8 views3 pages

Understanding Computer Hardware Basics

A computer is an electronic device that operates under instructions stored in its memory to process data inputs. The basic components of a computer include input devices, output devices, a system unit, and storage. The system unit contains the central processing unit, memory, adapter cards, and power supply. Common categories of computers are personal computers, mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. A computer processes data inputs, stores and retrieves information from memory, and outputs the results.

Uploaded by

jamalcabdi731
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter one: introduction to computer

Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile
devices, the web, and related technologies.

computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

The series of input, process, output and storage activities are known as information processing cycle.

Data: unprocessed items

Information: processed data

Both data and information contain{text,graphic,vedio and audio}

Hardware: is the physical components of computer

Categories of computer
1. Personal computer
2. Mobile computer or mobile device
3. Gameconsoles
4. Serves
5. Main frame
6. Super computer
7. Embeded computer

personal computer: two popular architectures are the PC and Apple

Laptop: is a personal computer you can carry from place to place

Server controls access to the hardware and software

Main frame is a large ecxpensive powerful computer that can hamdle hundrends and thousands of
connected users

Super computer is the fastest and most powerful computer


Components of computer
1. Input devices
 Keyboard
 Microphone
 Digital camera
 Pointing devices(mouse,touchpad ,pointing stick,trackball)
 Scanner
 Biometric device
 Bar code reader
2. Out put devices
 Display devices
 Printer
 Speaker
 Printers are classified:
1. Impact printers e.g dot matrix printers
2. Non impact printers e.g laser, 3D printers
 Display devices are classified:
1. LCD(liquid crystal display)
2. CRT(cathode ray tube)
 Resolution: the clarity of the image
3. System unit
 Mother board: the main circuit board
 Central processing unit ( cpu): brain of the computer
 Memory hold items( data, information and instruction)
 Adapter cards enhances functionality of the computer e.g NIC(network
interface card) vedio card and sound card
 Power supply converts Ac to Dc
 Memory are classified :
1. Volatile memory( temprory memory) e.g RAM( Random access memory
2. Non volaile memor( permenant memory) e.g Rom( Random only
memory) CMOS( complement metal oxide semivonductor)... stores
date and time
 Expansion slat: where adapter card is connected into mother board
Ac power fluction
 Spike
 Brown out
 Black out
problems of Ac power fluctuation to computer
 Hardware failure
 Data loss
4. storage
 Floppy disc
 UsB flash memory
 Memory card
 Optical disc( CD and DVD)
 Storge is devided:
1. Storage devices
2. Storage media: physical component that keeps data,information and instruction
5. Communication device( network device)
 Router
 Switch

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