,a

. source (vari
gh resistance and I
, a soft iron rod fitting into the

ent of resistance
mircuit· as shown in circuit diagram (figure (a) mil
r4v.m·lil' Ohm's law.
ment of impedance without iron core
-cw·t as shown in circuit diagram (figure (c) and fullD:re-1
'8Dtltrce) is connected to A.C. Mains, A.C. ammeter and~.,_
. current and voltage.
·twill obey Ohm's law. The ratio of the voltmeterreadiiig
will give the impedance of the inductor (without iron
ent of impedance with iron core
the iron core inside the hollow cylindrical as,beS~Cfl1i«
to find the impedance of the inductor with iron core.
 = ......
-- ......
- ......
- ..... .
.... ... ...
- ······
- ······.

a nter and D.C. Voltmeter Readings

Observed
(3a)

[Link] iron core)

ll!lll..-andA.C. Voltmeter
R).
ironoore)
A.C. VoJOltltIP.111111'~
 rl rd with two pm k t nd m n ..,.,~ti.

r dome tic purpo e 1 220 VA C and

d rn .. p irallel v.1th mam
live ,-.1re 5 A w1tc are required for n
15 A ockets and s, e are required for
r ge) s~r. hot pla tc All apphanc
h Total power con mpt1on P at a tim
+P + ....
'" 1 d1 a", n by appliance
h ncl' from damage wh •n undul) high curr n
20 < h1gh~r than the cur r nt n rmally dr
lu MAJNS Fl SI• hk r tmg 32 A 1
 ce coil, conne ·

K
i----~( • t----v·v vv v ,, - ~
Rh

rs, inductors etc.) in series wi

e battery.
. ·t,, to
ta
 tus. Potentiometer.
rial. A fully charged 4 5 V
. "! rang~ (~.O V), a~ am~!~ry(~r battery eliminator, a low resistance rheostat
~illi wires an a piece of sand pape/r -3) A, a one way key, a jockey, a set square:
f1110RY
For a. potentiometer with . of uniform t . . and thickness (cross-sectional
area) carrYll'g a s t ead y current,wire
potential dr ~a enal ~ens1ty
~&, . V = lop ,s proportional to the length of the wire.

V=Kl
V
. K = z = constant
where K 1s the drop of potential pe rum.t 1~mgth. It is called the potential gradient
DIAGRAM .

400 rm

?00 rm

Fig. Stud n '- at10n in potPI 1 1

PROCEDURE
1. Draw a circuit diagram showing the scheme of connections as in figure.
2. Remove the insulation from the ends of the connecting copper wires with a sand paper.
3. Connect the positive pole of the battery (eliminator) (a battery of constant e.m.f.) to
the zero end (P) of the potentiometer and the negative pole through a one-way key, an
ammeter and a low resistance rheostat to the other end (Q) of the potentiometer.
4. Connect the positive terminal of the voltmeter to the end P of the potentiometer and
the negative terminal to the jockey.
6 Touch the end of the jockey to the end Q of the potentiometer.
 5p that the

m. The voltmeter Will

d by 50 cm length of

u form as given ahead

- ........ .
= 0.3 A
= 0.05 A
-- eter = ·········
r length and potential drop

Voltmeter
reading
V(VJ
(3)

0
50
100
4. 150
5. 200
6. 250
300
350
400

FROMGRAJ>a

·table scale, for the values of potential dro

e.
V
·~------i =,:
,,-.. . .---- ------------------
AC11VITI ES
117

Scale:
X-axis : 1 cm= ... u11it
i Y-axis: 1 cm _ .. unit

...
0
6
z.
§
>
Cl
0
-5 4 - - - --
ct
"E
~ 3-
0
a:.
2 I v

From equation (1) and (2)

... (3)
tan 0 = K
The slope of straight line OB gives the value of potential gradient.

RESULT
(i) The graph ~et"."ee?- V and I is a straight line. Therefore, the potential drop along the
length of wire 1s directly proportional to its length
V oc l
= klV
1
(ii ) The potential drop per unit length of wire is k = ... V cm- .

[ ACTIVITY6
C .\ To draw the diagram of a g · •en open ircuit comprising at least a battery,
~ resistor/rheostat, kev, ammeter a, d I oltmeter Mark the components that are
not connected in proper rwder and correct the circuit and also the circuit

diagram.

APPARATUS Ai.~D MATERIAL

A battery eliminator or a battery (0 to 6 V), rheostat, resistance box (0 to 100 n), two or
one way key. D.C. ammeter (0-3) A and a D.C. voltmeter (0-3) V.

THEORY
An open circuit is the combination of primary components of electric circuit in a such a
manner that on closing the circuit no current is drawn from the battery.
 Battery

Open efreuft dhaarana <Coniponenta not connected In PPl'n-G,,.,..I" ~~IJill•

.__._•ler.s, It abouJd be [Link] Ill lerlee With the baitery

--~· It lllloaJd be-... In Plll'allel to the .......,.,3