THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE

T H E W R I G H T B R O T H E R S ' AERONAUTICAL E N G I N E E R I N G COLLECTION

AT T H E F R A N K L I N INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA, PA.*
BY

RALPH H. McCLARREN I

Dr. Orville Wright deeded to The Franklin Institute in his will and through
the Executors of his Estate all of his and his brother's, Wilbur Wright's,
original wind tunnel apparatus, model airfoils, test data and drawings of their
early airplanes. The collection also includes airfoil models tested at McCook
Field during 1919, 1920, and 1921 as well as some of Orville Wright's experi-
mental aviation devices with which he worked during his lifetime. These
include a shaper and cutters to prepare wax airfoil models, a special scale,
smoke apparatus for wind tunnel use, a bank indicator, an incidence indicator,
automatic control devices for wind tunnel and airplane control, an automatic
landing device and a cypher machine.
Among the original drawings the collection includes those of the first
successful airplane--the 1903 biplane, and the 1904, 1905, 1907, and 1910
biplanes. Engine drawings include the 1910 motor and prints of the 1903
motor.
In addition to the intrinsic and irreplaceable value of the many items in
the collection there exists within them a record of the logical, step-by-step
program of engineering research and development by which the Wright
Brothers enabled themselves to achieve success in flying their first powered
airplane. Therein lies a record of their systematic wind tunnel tests conducted
to give them reliable lift, drag and L / D values to enable them to engineer the
design of the first successful airplane. Test results were collaborated by
building and test-flying gliders to determine the scale effects from wind tunnel
data to full scale wings. It is no little wonder that by such scientific methods
two men, then known better for their printing, publishing and bicycle activities,
were first to conquer the art of flight with a heavier than air machine.
Figure 1 shows the original lift balances made in 1901. Figure 2 is the
drag (drift) measuring balance. It is incomplete; one additional piece has
lately been found and added to it. The wind tunnel models, airfoils (aerofoils)
used in the December 1901 wind tunnel experiments are shown in Fig. 3.
Figure 4 is a photograph of a replica of the 1901 wind tunnel. It is currently
* Reference is noted to " T h e Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright," by M. W. McFarland
and A. G. Ranstrom in the Library of Congress Quarterly Journal of Current Acquisitions,
Vol. 7, No. 4, August 1950. In addition to the materials relating to the Wright Brothers
deposited with the Library of Congress and The Franklin Institute, the following institutions
received bequests through the executors of the estate: Dayton Art Institute, Institute of
Aeronautical Sciences, Educational & Musical Arts, Inc., Dayton PubIic Library, Wright
Library, Dayton, Oberlin College, Miami University, Dayton Engineers' Club and the Smith-
sonian Institution. Refer to p. 33 of the article cited.
1 Assistant to Executive Vice-President, The Franklin Institute. Philadelphia, Pa.

I75
176 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

FIG. 1. 1901 lift balance.

FIG. 2. 1901 drag (drift) balance.

Aug., I95L1 WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION 177

on exhibit in The Institute's Hall of Aviation. A reproduction of the original

graph showing lift values for various angles of attack appears in Fig. 5. Lift
values for 1901 models Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are plotted.
Figures 6 to 21 illustrate some of the other models included in the collection.
There follows a complete listing of all the items:
WRIGHT'S 1901 W I N D T U N N E L APPARATUS

48-44-11 Lift Balance--Original 1 9 0 1 - - W r i g h t B r o t h e r s u s e d i t t o m a k e m e a s u r e m e n t s o f lift

on various wing models (aerofoils). Made of steel and hack-saw blades. Over-all
size 1 2 " X 1 0 " X 6 " .
N O T E : O r i g i n a l b a l a n c e s w e r e m i s p l a c e d w h e n m o v e d t o 15 N . B r o a d w a y ,
D e c . 6, 1 9 1 6 . W e r e f o u n d in a t t i c , 15 N . B r o a d w a y , D e c . 9, 1 9 4 6 .
48-44-2 Drag (Drift) Balance~Original 1 9 0 1 - - U s e d b y t h e W r i g h t s t o m a k e m e a s u r e m e n t s
of drag on various wing models (aerofoils). Made of steel and hacksaw blades.
O v e r - a l l size 1 2 " X 1 6 " X 7 " .
48-44-3 Airfoils (Aerofoils)--Thirty-eight o r i g i n a l m o d e l s u s e d b y t h e W r i g h t s in D e c e m b e r
1901 W i n d T u n n e l I n v e s t i g a t i o n .
No. l--Plane, Aspect 1, Span 2.47", Chord 2.43", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 2--Plane, Aspect 4, Span 4.82", Chord 1.24", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 3--Plane, Aspect 6, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 4--Arc, Camber 1/12 Chord, Span 2.5", Chord 2.4", Area 6 sq. in,
No. 5--Arc, Camber 1/16 Chord, Span 2.5", Chord 2.4", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 6--Are, Camber 1/16 Chord, Span 2.5", Chord 2.4", Area 6 sq. in,
No. 7--Are, Camber 1/12 Chord, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0", Area 6 sq. in,
No. 8 -Are, Camber 1/16 Chord, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 9--Are, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0", Area 6 sq. in.
No, 10---Parabolic, Camber 1/12 Chord, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0", Area 6 sq. in.
No. ll--Parabolie, Camber 1/16 Chord, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 12--Parabolic, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 15--Parabolic, Camber 1/12 Chord, Span 2.5", Chord 2.4", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 16--Parabolic, Camber 1/16 Chord, Span 2.5", Chord 2.4", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 17--Parabolic, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 2.5", Chord 2.4", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 18--Arc, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 4.84", Chord 1.23", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 19--Parabolic, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 4.84 tt, Chord 1.23", Area 6 sq, in.
No. 20--Bird Segment, Span 6.5". Max. Chord 1.39", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 2I--Parabolic Segment, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 6.5", Max. Chord 1.39", Area 6 sq. in.
No. 22--Parabollc, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 4.5", Chord .66". Area 3 sq. in.
No. 23--Parabolic, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 4.5 tr, Chord .66", Area 3 sq. in.
(No. 24)--Surfaces No. 22 and 23 Superposed, Total Area 6 sq. in.
No. 25--Tapered with rounded tips, Span 6", Chord .74", Area 4 sq. im
No. 26---Parabolic, Camber 1/20 Chord, Span 4.5", Chord .66", Area 3 sq. in.
(No, 27)--Surfaces 22, 23, and 26 Superposed, Total Area 9 sol. in.
No, 30---Hook, Camber 1/5.75 Chord, Span 4.5", Chord 1.09", Area 5 sq. in.
No. 31--Parabolic, Camber 1/12 Chord, Span 7.25", Chord 1.56tt. Area 8 sq. ill.
NO. 32--Tapered, rounded tips, Span 6.0", Chord .74", Area 4 sq. in.
(No. 33)--Surfaces 25 and 32 Superposed, Area 8 sq. in., Gap .93 Chord.
No. 34--Are, tapered, pointed tips, Span 7.12", Chord 1.6Ip max.
No. 35--Bird, underside Camber 1/10 Chord, Span 6", Chord 1", Area 6 sq. in.
(No. 40)--Surfaces 18 and 19 Superposed, Area 12 sq. in., Gap .555 Chord.
(No. 41)--Surfaces 18 and 19 Superposed, Area 12 sq. in., Gap .914 Chord.
(No. 42)--Surfaces 18 and 19 Superposed, Area 12 sq. in., Gap .4 Chord.
(No. 43)--Surfaces 18 and 19 Superposed, Area 12 sq. in., Gap .2 Chord.
(No. 4 4 ) - - N o notations regarding size, etc.
No. 45--Arc. Camber 1/12 Chord, Span 12.5It, Chord 1.25", Area 15.62 sq. in.
(No. 4 6 ) - - C a m b e r 1/20 Chord, Span 12.5", Chord 2.5", Area 31.25 sq. in.
No. 48--Parabolic, 1/20 Chord, Span 6.25 t~, Chord 2.5", Area 15.62 sq. in.
(No. ? )--Surface 48 and 48 Superposed, Total Area 31.25 sq. in., Gap .6 Chord.
NOTE: Thirty nine (39) data sheets of airfoil characteristics are included and correspond to
Numbers noted above. The Numbers in ( ) indicate data sheets only. Included above are
t I t e m s w i t h r e f e r e n c e n u m b e r 4 8 - 4 4 - a r e in t h e e x h i b i t p r e p a r a t i o n storage room being
p r e p a r e d f o r e x h i b i t in t h e M u s e u m a t s o m e f u t u r e t i m e .
178 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I

30 airfoils numbered as noted. It seems that no airfoils or records exist for the skipped No's, 13,
14, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 47. Possibly those models which have been arbitrarily numbered
50 to 57 inclusive are those noted in previous sentence.
No. 5(k--Arc, Camber ?, Span 4.5J', Chord .66".
No. 51--Parabolic, Camber ?, Span 5.0", Chord 1.25".
No. 52--Arc, rounded tips, Camber ?, Span 6.0", Chord 1.0".
No. 53--Parabolic, Camber ?, Span 6.0", Chord 1.25".
No. 54--(Also marked No. 3 and No. 12)--Parabolic, Camber ?, Span 3", Chord 2.8".
No. 55--Parabolic, heavy leading edge, Span 9", Chord 1.5".
No. 56--Arc, turned-up trailing edge, Span 9'r, Chord 1.5".
No. 57--Parabolic, thick section, turned-up trailing edge, Span 9", Chord 1.5t'.
NOTE: Airfoils 50 to 57 are numbered arbitrarily. In notes available no data exist. Of special
interest are Nos. 56 and 57 which have turned-up trailing edges.

DRAWINGS OF THE 1901 APPARATUS

629.133 W r 15.11:~ Drawing--Lift Balance of1901, Wright Brothers. I n k on white p a p e r stock.

This drawing is n o t dated, m i g h t have been made from old records or notes.
Shows dimensions on plan a n d elevation views. Size 15" X 19½".

FIG. 3. 1901 wind tunnel model airfoils.

15.12 Drawing--Resistance Surfaces for Wright Brothers 1901 Lift Balance. D r a w -

ing is not dated, no dimensions, on same stock as 629.133 W r 15.11.
Size 15" X 9".
15.13 Drawing--Drift (Drag) Balance of 1901, Wright Brothers. I n k on white
p a p e r stock. T h i s d r a w i n g is not dated. Dimensions are incomplete.
Size 13" X 19".
15.14 Drawing--Wind Tunnel of 1901--Wright Brothers. I n k on white p a p e r
stock. Scale 1 / 8 " = 1". N o t dimensioned or dated. Size 17" X 8".
15.15 Photostat of 629.133 Wr 15.14, 1901 Wind Tunnel.
15.21 Drawing--Models for Wind Tunnel. Original plottings (made Dec. 1901)
giving profile and plan form of the airfoils m e a s u r e d in the wind tunnel of
1901. S h o w n are models n u m b e r e d 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32 and 35. Notes indicate
# 24 = # 22 and # 23 superposed, # 27 = # 22 and # 23 and # 26 superposed,
# 3 3 = # 5 and # 3 2 superposed, # 4 0 = # 1 8 and # 1 9 superposed 11/16"
a p a r t , # 4 1 = # 1 8 a n d # 1 9 superposed 18/16" apart, # 4 2 = # 1 8 and
~t All items with reference n u m b e r 629.133 W r - - a r e presently deposited in the L i b r a r y of
The Franklin Institute.
Aug., 1951.] WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION 179

# 19 ~uperposed 1/2" apart, #43 = # 18 and # 19 superposed 1/4" apart.

Ink on tracing cloth. Size 20" X 24".
NOTE: "Superposed" is word used by the Wrights for biplane com-
bination if two models were used and triplane if three were used.

DATA SHEETS A N D NOTES OF THE 1901 W I N D TUNNEL TESTS

629.133 Wr 15.31 Graph. Lift vs. Angle of Attack. 1901 Models Nos. i, 2, and 3 and l)u-
chemin model. Ink on cross section paper. Size 8½" >( 14".
15.32 Graph. Lift vs. Angle of Attack. 1901 Models Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Ink on cross section paper. Size 8½" X 14".
15.33 Graph. Lift vs. Angle of Attack. 1901 Models Nos. 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, and
17. Ink on cross section paper. Size 8½" )< 14".

FIG. 4. Replica of 1901 wind tunnel.

15.34 Graph. Lift and Drift vs. Angle of

Attack. 1901 Models Nos. 7, 8, and 9.
Ink on tracing cloth. Size 10" X 12".
NOTE: Models 7, 8, and 9, size 1" X 6", are circular arc plates with
systematically varied camber.
15.35 Graph. Lift and Drift vs. Angle of
Attack. 1901 Models Nos. 10, 11, and
12. Ink on tracing cloth. Size 10" X 12".
NOTE: These sections had same amount of camber as Nos. 7, 8, and 9
but with maximum camber in a more forward location.
15.36 Sheets--Four (4) Wind Tunnel Data from Wilbur Wright's 1901 Note Book.
Figures of angle of attack and instrument reading for airfoils of curved
soctions, some with upturned trailing edge. Size of sheets 8" X 19" for
-1 and -2, size 8" )< 10" for -3, and -4.
15.37 Sheet. Wind Tunnel
Data. Data similar to that on 629.133 Wr 15.36-1.
Size 6" X 9½".
I80 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

15.38 Table• Conversion from feet per second to miles per hour.
15.39 Wall Paper Notes. Diagrams of Angular Position of Wind Tunnel Balance
during Tests. Made in 1901 on Tests of Airfoils Nos. 1, 2 and 4. Total of
8 pieces size 4 " X 8" and some 8 " X 8". Three are dated September,
1901.
15.41 Data Sheets. Four (4) Wind Tunnel Test Measurements Made March g4
and g5, 1902. Model No. 9, new with uprights, superposed, new front
edge, etc. Brown wrapping paper. Size 7" X 10".
15.42 Data Sheets. Six (6) Miscellaneous Data Sheets on Strut Shapes, Lilienthal
Wing, Air Screw, etc. Sizes varmus from 3 " X 4" to 4 " X 7".

/ • • ++ - + + * - • ~

i"
!

So
/ // / '~ k ",

,7+ • .-:/ ,,,',' ,,

] //
",'] , , +,
,1~ //',] ' ," // I
,~ , / <// '
i~, ] / // it
~l /]/ I / /,~ //
/]7' ] / +,'
:// / / ,S' /

•
,/z! ?
' ,~, It
,,"

I
,..~,' ,-
I
/ / ,'

iI ,"
, :)" ] /"

P,+.. 1 o if,,.. /i++ ';+~'~'o" .~,,++ Ja ° S,~~ fo" e/'.re

FIG. S, Lift curves--1901 test data.

15.43 Note Book. 1901 Wind Tunnel Measurements. Airfoils #18, #19, #20,
#21, #22, # 2 3 & # 2 2 , #25, #26, #27, #30, #31, #32, # 2 5 & #32, #35,
#18&#19,#4,#5,#6,#7,#8,#9,#10,#11,#12,#13,#15,#16,#17.
Referenced as Tangentials. Size of book 7" X 9".
15.44 Notes. Four (4) Sheets. Calculations of Lift, Drift, and Head Resistance
on Glider. Test evidently made in 1902 or 1903 at Kitty Hawk. Area
of Wings given as 290 sq. ft. Table of tests made on July 30, August 6,
August 15 and 16. Values are given for angle, velocity, and total pull.
There are 10 paragraphs of comments; # 10 reads: " T h e i m p o r t a n t con-
clusion to be drawn from the table is t h a t the dynamic efficiency of the
unloaded machine is greatest at the speed of 10 meters a t which point it
reaches 15 lbs. pull for 98 lbs. lifted. Of this a m o u n t one half or 7.5 lbs.
should be assigned to drift and the other half (7.5 lbs.) to head resistance."
Size of sheets 5" X 8". Writing appears to be t h a t of Wilbur Wright.
Aug., I95I.] WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION I8I

F~G. 6. Wax model airfoils used in 1919-1921 wind tunnel tests. R.A.F. 1.5-1, 15-2, 15-3,
15 X .8, 15 X 1.1, OW-1, R.A.F. 6, flat plate.

FIG, 7. High lift airfoils used in 1921-1922 wind tunnel tests.

FIG. 8. Shaper for making wax model airfoils.

182 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

DRAWINGS OF THE 1903 WRIGHT B I P I ~ N E

629.133 Wr 1.1 --3 View (Incornplete). Size 24" X 22". Brown wrapping paper mounted
on cardboard.
1.11--Plan View of Wings and Front Elevation. Size 25" X 21". Tracing cloth.
1.12--Profile of 3 Ribs. Full rib chord 6'-6¼", other ribs, one is at engine mount,
one is center section rib. Size 6'-10" X 23". Brown wrapping paper.
1.13--Elevator. Rough layout, span 6'-0", chord 20". Size 36" X 18". Brown
wrapping paper.
1.14---Wing, Center Section. Size 36" X 16". Brown wrapping paper.
1.15--Right and Left Wing Tip Panels. Cloth cover details. Size 33" X 12".
Brown wrapping paper.
1.16--Fitting Details. Rudder, center section and rear strut hinge. Size 36"
X10". Brown wrapping paper.
1.17--Lower Center Cloth Layout. Size 18" X 10". Brown wrapping paper.
1.18--Wing Hinges for Front and Rear Spars. Size 10" X 12". Browuwrapping
paper.
1.19--Rear Spar Hinge for Top and Bottom Plane. Size 9" X 12". Brown
wrapping paper.
1.20---Strut and Sross (Truss) Wire Fitting. Size 11" X 11". Brown wrapping
paper.
1.21--Wright Biplane, Plan View of Wings. Made from Tracing 629.133 Wr 1.11.
Size 25" X 21".
1.22--Wing Plan Views and Front Elevation. Ink on white paper. Probably
used for Tracing 629.133 Wr 1.11. Size 24" X 19".
1.23--Front and Rear Elevation Views. Size 24" X 19". Ink on white paper.
(No date or other reference material.)
1.24--Front and Rear Elevation Views. Tracing. Probably made from 629.133
Wr 1.23. Size 25" X 15". (No date or other reference material.)
1.25--P/an View, Upper and Lower Wing Panels. Ink on white paper. (No
date or reference notes.)
1.26--Blue Print from NACA Drawing. Made by J.B.R., March 10, 1928 from
McF. Dwg M-3190.
DRAWINGS OF THE 1904 WRIGHT BIPLANE

629.133 Wr 2.11--Center Section, Side Elevation. Size 24" X 11". Brown wrapping paper.
2.12--Center Section, Front Elevation. Size 24" X 10". Brown wrapping paper.
2.13--Outer Wing Section, Elevation View. Size 20" X 11". Brown wrapping
paper.
2.14--Propeller Section. Size 17" X i0". Brown wrapping paper.
NOTE: On back is drawing of layout of wing tip and elevator.
2.15--No. 2 Horizontal Motor Cylinder. Size 11" X 8½". Ink on white paper.

DRAWINGS O1~ THE 1905 WRIGHT BIPLANE

629.133 Wr 3.11--Center Sec'tion, Side Elevation View. Size 24" X 17". Brown wrapping
paper.
3.12--Center Section, Front Elevation View and Outer Wing Section. Elevation
view. Size 24" X 18". Brown wrapping paper.
3.13--Engine--Cylinder and Connecting Rod. Size 23" X 15". Brown heavy
paper.
3.14 Engine--End View. Size 17" X 24". Brown wrapping paper.

DRAWINGS OF THE 1907 WRIGHT BIPLANE

629.133 Wr 4.11--Wing Panels, Front Elevation View. Size 29" X 14". Brown wrapping
paper.
Aug., ~95I.] W R I G H T BROTHERS' COLLECTION I83

4.12--Wing Panel
Center Section, Front Elevation View. Size 22" X 15". Brown
wrapping paper.
4.13--Drawing. Landing Skid Structure. Size 23" X 15". Brown wrapping
paper.
DRAWINGS OF THE 1909 WRIGHT BIPLANES

629.133 Wr 5.11 U . S . Government Machine. Front elevation view of center section and
outer wing panels. Size 28" X 12". Brown wrapping paper.
5.12--U. S. Government Machine. Wing panels and landing skid, side elevation
view. Size 23" X 13". Brown wrapping paper.

FIG. 9. Smokeapparatus and airfoils.

5,13--U. S. Government Machine. Chain guide. Size 2 8 " X 14". Brown

wrapping paper.
5.14--Wright Aeroplane Built by Short Bros. Aeroplane Works. Sectional eleva-
tion. Side view. Size 30" X 20". Blueprint.
5.1S--Wright Aeroplane Built by Short Bros. Aeroplane Works. Plan view.
Size 48" X 30". Blueprint.

DRAWINGS OF THE 1910 WRIGHT MOTOR, PROPELLER A N D GERMAN DESIGNS

629.133 Wr 6.11--Motor, End View. Size 20" X 25". Ink on tracing cloth.
6.12IMotor, End View. Size 20" X 25". Blueprint of 629.133 Wr 6.11.
6.13--Motor. Details of Cylinder, Connecting Rod, Piston, and Cam Shaft. Size
36" X 20". Ink on tracing cloth.
6.14--Motor, Details of Cylinder, Connecting Rod, Piston and Cam Shaft. Size
36" X 20". Blueprint of 629.133 Wr 6.13.
I8 4 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

6.15--Motor Cam Shaft (for 8 Cylinder Belmonte Race Meet). Size 30" X 7".
Ink on tracing cloth.
6.16--Propeller Section. Construction plan. Size 19" X 11% Ink on tracing
cloth.
6.17--Propeller. Plan, elevation and section views. Size 30" X 20". Ink on
tracing cloth.
6.18--Propeller for French Machine. Plan, elevation and section views. Size
25" X 20". White paper.
6.19--Package Containing German Drawings of the Wright Aeroplane.

BLUEPRINT OF THE 1911 WRIGHT MODEL B

629.133 Wr 7.11--Plan View. Size 40" X 30% Blueprint.

PHOTOSTATS OF 1902 WRIGHT GLIDER (FROM DRAWINGS PREPARED BY

WRIGHT FIELD, DAYTON, OHIO)

629.133 Wr 8.11--Top Wing Assembly and Details.

8.12--Lower Wing Assembly and Details.
8.13--Tail Surface and Skid.
8.14--Fitting Details.
8.15--Three View.
8.16--Rudder Assembly and Details.

PRINTS OF THE 1903 WRIGHT E N G I N E A N D BIPLANE

629.133 Wr 9.11--Prints--1903 Wright Engines. 12 prints included. Prepared by The Ford

Motor Company.
lO.11--Prints--1903 Wright Biplane. Complete set of prints, from drawings
made by the National Ca,h Register Company in 1947 from the drawings
by Science Museum, South Kensington, England.

AIRFOIL (AEROFOIL) INFORMATION A N D SPECIFICATIONS

629.133 Wr 13.11--A series of notes on airfoil ordinates and aerodynamic characteristics as

noted below:
Dayton Wright No. 8 Airfoil--Ordinates for 15" Airfoil.
NA CA g/--characteristics and ordinates.
NA CA 5g--characteristics and ordinates.
NA CA 73--characteristics and ordinates.
Clark Y--MIT test data.
Specifications (ordinates for) W.A.L. #1, #17, #18, #21, #22, #23, #24,
#25, #32, #33, #34, #35, #36 (Note on this "made Oct. 12, 1921");
R.A.F. #6, R.A.F. # 15, # 15 X 1.1, # 15--.8, Albatross, Sloane, Martin I I ,
O.W. # 1--R.A.F. 6, U.S.A. # 1, #27, Clark "A," "B," Prandtl #223, #225,
#227, #242, #244, Dayton Wright #9, Gottingen #387, Dayton Wright
T-1 # 1 Section (May 25, 1922), Dayton Wright T-1 #5 Section.
Ordinates for Martin Airfoils M-I, M-II, M-III, M-IV.
Characteristics for: #223, USA #26, #225, #227, #224, #244, and #242.

W I N D T U N N E L AIRFOIL MODELS USED I N 1919, 1920, A N D 1921 TESTS

48-44-4 W.A.L.-- 1 Wax Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Thin section, flat lower surface.
W.A.L.--18 Wax Model. Symmetrical Section.
W.A.L.--21 Wax Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Symmetrical Section.
W.A.L.--22 Wax Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Thick Section.
W.A.L.--22 Wax 2Yfodel. Span 18", Chord 3", Symmetrical Section using upper
template (22) for both surfaces. (This model is also marked 32.)
Aug., I95I.] WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION I8~

W.A.L.--23 W a x Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Thick Section.

W.A.L.---23 W a x Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Symmetrical Section using upper
template (23) for both surfaces.
W.A.L.--24 W a x Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Medium Section.
W.A.L.--24 Plaster Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Symmetrical Section using upper
template (24) for both surfaces. (This model is also marked 34.)
W.A.L.--25 W a x Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Medium Section.
W.A.L.--25 W a x Model. Span 18", Chord 3", Symmetrical Section using upper
template (25) for both surfaces, also marked No. (39).
W.A.L.--36 Wood ~]~rodel. Span 18", Chord 4", Symmetrical Section.
F.P. (5) Five Flat Plates. Span 18", Chord 3".
R.A.F. 15--1 W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
R.A.F. 15--2 W a x on Metal lkrodel. Span 18", Chord 3".
R.A.F. 15--3 W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
R.A.F. 15 X .8 W a x on Metal Afodel. Span 18", Chord 3".

FIG. 10. Windtunnelmodelof Gordon Bennettracer.

FIG. 11. Windtunnelmodelof biplanewith split flap.

186 T H E FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

R.A.F. 15 X 1.1 W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".

O.W. # 1 (R.A.F. 6-1) W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
R.A.F. 6 (-10-) W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
U.S.A. 1-5 W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
Albatross--1 Wax on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
Albatross--2 W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
M I I - - # 1 W a x on Metal Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
Prandtl (HLW) 242 Wax on Wood Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
Sloane Wax on Wood Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
U.S.A.--27 Metal for Wax Model. Span 18", Chord 2¼".
Prandtl (HLW) 223 Metal for W a x Model. Span 18", Chord 2¼".
Prandtl (HLW) 225 Metal for W a x Model. Span 18", Chord 2-]".
Prandtl (HLW) 227 Metal for Wax Model. Span 18", Chord 2-]".

FIG. 12. Windtunnel modelof Dayton Wright monoplane.

U.S.A.--27 Metal for Wax Model. Span 18", Chord 2-]", with rrmdel body attached.
Metal Forms--Three (3). Span 18", Chord 3". (Not marked.)
D.W. U.S.A. Std. Wood Model. Span 18", Chord 4", Symmetrical Section.
Two Eiffel Sections W a x on Metal. Span 18", Chord 4".
R.A.F. 6-1 W a x on Metal. Span 12", Chord 6".
O.W. # x Wood Model. Span 18", Chord 3".
Patterns. Two (2) For Wax Metal Models, Span 18", Chord 2~".
Split Flap Wood Model with Hinged Trailing Edge Flap. Holes through upper
surface just aft of flap hinge. Span 18", Chord 3".
Split Flap Wood Model with Hinged Trailing Edge Flap. Span 18", Chord 3".
Split Flap Wood Model with Flap Open to Fixed Position. Span 18", Chord 3".
Flap Less Open, for Wing Model Above.
Aileron Wood Model with Outboard Ailerons. Span 18", Chord 3". Span of
Aileron 4-]", Chord l i " .
R.A.F. 6 Metal Model. Span 12", Chord 5i~". (Probably base for R.A.F. 6 wax
model.)
Aug., i95I.] WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION I87
Parabolic Metal Model. Sheet metal, Span llg3", Chord 5½"
Parabolic Metal Model. Sheet metal, Span 11}", Chord 5[".
Flat Plate Metal. Span 6", Chord 6".
Flat Plate Metal. Span 6", Chord 8½".
Flat Plate Metal. Span 7~1", Chord 7}" (marked 54.50 sq. in.)
Flat Plate Metal. 7~3 i t , Chord 7~3 ' ! .
Sections. Ten (10) small pieces of airfoil sections.
48-44-5 Templates. Twenty-eight (28), for makingwax modelairfoils. Chord 3". W.A.L.
# 1, #18, #20, #21, #22, #23, #24, #25, Prandtl (High Lift Wing) #223, #225,
#227, #242, #244 (Made Oct. 1920), C l a r k # l , Sloane, R.A.F. 6, R.A.F. 15, R.A.F.
15 X .8, R.A.F. 15 X 1.1, Monoplane (Dayton Wright, Made Dec. 15, 1920), O.W.
#1, M II (Martin), USA 1, USA 27, Albatross (Made in May 1920), Clark #2,
Unmarked, and an R.A.F. 6 for 6" Chord.
48-44-6 Shaper. Used to cut wax airfoil model. Complete with two (2) cutting heads.
Size: 40" long, 10" wide, 8" high. Weight: Approx. 200 lbs.

W I N D TUNNEL TEST DATA A N D NOTES

629.133 Wr 13.12 R.A.F. # 6 Test Results. Folder containing data and curves regarding effect
of speed on L/D, effect of aspect ratio on L/D. January 1920.
13.13 Data and Curve. Folder containing correction for Area of Model in Wind
Tunnel. November 1920,
13.14 Wind Tunnel Calibration. Folder containing speed vs. water height and
horsepower.
13.15 Drawings of Molding Machine and Tunnel Instrument Made by Griffith
Bacon in 1919. Three drawings and a series of sketches.
:[3.16 Wind Tunnel Measurements. Folder of data, including information from
MIT and McCook Field. Dates 1919 to 1922.
13.17 Original Test Sheets. Wind Tunnel Tests of various airfoils. Made
1919-20-21. Refer to 629.133 Wr 13.11 for listing of airfoils.
13.18 Wind Tunnel Test Data. Bound (string) (Size of book 8" X 12"). For
airfoils, T - l , Dayton Wright #7, #8, #9, #3. Langley #1, #2, USA
#27 (Clark), Clark A, B, Albatross, M II, W.A.L. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
Sloane, W.A.L. 1, Bauman, Gordon Bennett Racer, Complete G. B. Model,
Bauman #2, #3, # 1, Hydro Monoplane, Prandtl #223, #225, #227, #242,
# 244, Gottingen #387, W.A.L. # 25, # 24, # 23, # 22, # 17, # 18, # 35, # 34,
#32,#33. Strut Sections, W.A.L. #36, U.S. St'd Strut, Dayton Wright#3,
#2, #1, W.A.L. #21, USA #27, (#27 modified--sharper nose), #27 rear
edge cut-out, USA # 1, R.A.F. #6, O.W. # 1--R.A.F. #6, R.A.F. 15 X .8,
#15 X 1.1, #15, #15-2" Gap, #15-3" Gap, #15-4" Gap, #15-5" Gap,
#15-6" Gap, USA 27-3~-" Gap, R.A.F. #15-3" GapI½ '' Stagger,
#15-3" G a p - - l " Stagger, R.A.F. #15-3" G a p I 2 '' Stagger, R.A.F.
# 15-3" Gap--Y' Stagger, R.A.F. # 15 (Following surfaces), Fuselage $R3
(Dayton Wright) and several airfoils with flap in down position including
USA #27-1" flap--]" down, --g3,, down, Clark #1, 1" flap--~" down,
sketches of large flaps and flap angles, Clark #2, R.A.F. #15 plain, ~"
down, ¼"down, ~3,, down, x,, down, ~" down, ~" down, 1~" down, Gottingen
#387, ~" down, ¼" down, ~" down, Photo of drift test models, data of
drift measurements, Richardson Pontoon, USA #27.
Tests were made in 1919-20-21. All wing models were 3" X 18".
Values indicated for L/D and lift in most cases.
13.19 Wind Tunnel Test Data. Bound (string). Size of book 8 " X 12".
W.A.L. #21, #17, #21, #19, #1, R.A.F. #15 X 1.1, W.A.L. #1 modified
to .023" thicker, to .066" thicker, W.A.L. #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8,
#9, #10, #11, #12, #13, #14, #15, R.A.F. #15 X 1.1 (NOTE: Wood for
188 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

smoke tunnel), W.A.L. # 16, several Fuselage shapes, O.W. # 1--R.A.F.

# 6 lower, R.A.F. # 15 X 1.1--W.A.L. # 18--Y' Gap, W.A.L. # 18--R.A.F.
#15 X 1.1 lower--3" Gap, 6" Gap, R.A.F. #15, #15 X .8, #15 + .025",
#15 nose modified, #15 X 1.1, 1½" Stagger--3" Gap, # 15--2" Gap, 3"
Gap, - - 4 " Gap, - - 5 " Gap, - - 6 " Gap (2 photos monoplane model).
Tests were made in 1919. Wing sizes varied, most are 3" N 18", others
10" X 6" (low aspect ratio). Values are indicated for L / D and L i f t - -
in some cases for drift.
13.20 W i n d T u n n e l Test Data. Bound (string). Size 6" X 11". Test data
sheets for airfoils of various shapes, in combination with others (biplane)
including, O.W. # 1 - - R . A . F . #6, O.W. # 1 - - R . A . F . #15 X 1.1, R.A.F.
#6, USA # 1, P8, and drag data on struts. Data show values for L / D ,
Lift and Drag. Tests were made in 1917, '18, and '19.
13.21 Graph. R.A.F. 15 X 1.1--Characteristics--Lift vs. Angle for upper and
lower surfaces and for each when superposed. Stagger Negative--size
11½" X 17". Dated July 9, 1918.

FIG. 13. Mud hooks for automobile wheels. Made by Orville Wright in the 1920's.

13.22 Graphs. R.A.F. #15 X 1.1--Lift and L / D vs. Angle of Attack. Dated
April 26, 1919. Same for superposed R.A.F. #15 X 1.1 with 2" Gap
with curves for both upper and lower. Same for 3", 4", 5", 6" gap,
dated May 22, 1919. Total eight (8) graphs bound with circular punch
clips. Size 11½" X 17".
13.23 Graph. O.W. # 1 - - L i f t and L / D vs. Angle of Attack. Superposed with
3" Gap. Curves for monoplane and upper and lower wings. Size 11½"
X 17". Dated May 12, 1919.
13.24 Graphs. R.A.F. #15. Lift and L / D vs. Angle of Attack. Superposed
with 2", 3", 4", 6" gap and one not specified gap. Curves for upper and
lower surfaces. Size 11½" X 17". Dated December 12, 1919. Total 5
graphs--paper clip bound.
13.25 Graphs. R.A.F. #15. Lift and L / D vs. Angle of Attack. Superposed
airfoils with 2", 3", 4", 5", and 6" Gap. Curves for upper and lower
surfaces. Size 11½" X 17". Dated December 12, 1919. Total 5 graphs
bound with circular punch clips.
Aug., I951.] WRIGHT BROTttERS' COLLECTION I8 9

13.26 Graphs. R.A.F.#15--Lift and L/D vs. Angle of Attack. Superposed

airfoils with 3" gap and ½", 1", 2", and 3" stagger. Curves for upper and
lower surfaces. Size 11~" X 17". Dated December 15, 1919. Total 8
graphs bound with circular punch clips.
13.27 Graph. USA#27, Lift and L/D vs. Angle of Attack. Superposed airfoils
with 3~-~" gap. Curves for upper, lower and monoplane surfaces. Dated
Nov. 9-10, 1920. Size 14" N 22".
13.28 Graph. R.A.F.#15--L/D vs. Lift. Size I1½" X 17". No date.
13.29 Graph. R.A.F.#15 X 1.1.
13.30 Graph. "T 1" Tapered Wing. Clark (USA 27C) Tapered wing--L/D
vs. lift. Size 11½" X 17"--T 1 May 19, 1922, Clark Dec. 13, 1920.
13.31 Graph. BaumanGordon Bennett Racer. L/D vs. Lift. Size 11½" X 17".
Dated Mar. 9, 1921.
13.32 Graph. Clark "A," Clark "B." L/D vs. Lift. Size 11½" X 27". Dated
Dec. 17, 1920.

FIG. 14. Levercam and sleeveused in the 1903-1905planeto controlspark timing(left).

On right is foot controlto Mea-magnetoon the 1910biplane.

13.33 Graph. Bauman. L/D vs. lift. Size 11½" X 17". Dated Feb. 5, 1920.
13.34 Graph. USA #27 (#2 Surface) (Modified--sharper nose). L/D vs. Lift.
Size 11½" X 17". No date.
13.35 Graph. USA #27 (#1 Surface). L/D vs. Lift. Size l l ½ " X 17". No
date.
13.36 Graph. Clark, W.A.L. #1, R.A.F. #15, Bauman (high lift), Bauman
(hydroplane wing), Prandtl #225. L/D vs. Lift. Size 11½" X 17". No
date.
13.37 Graph. W.A.L. #22, #24, #35, #17, #18, #35, #21, R.A.F. #6, M-II.
Center of Pressure vs. Angle. Size 11½" X 17". Dated April 8, 1920.
13.38 Graph. R.A.F. #15 Superposed Chord Gap. L/D vs. Speed X Minimum
Speed. Size 8½" X 12". No date.
13.39 Graph. R.A.F.#15 and Clark. L/D vs. Speed. Size 8½" X 12". Dated
Nov. 29, 1920.
13.40 Graph. M-II, Sloane, Bauman, R.A.F. #15, W.A.L. #1, USA #1. L/D
vs. Speed. Size 11½" X 17". No date.
13.41 Graph. R.A.F. #15 (Superposed 1" Stagger Chord Gap), R.A.F. #15
(Superposed Chord Gap). L/D vs. speed. Size 11½" X 17". No date.
13.42 Notes. W i n d Tunnel Test Data. Measurements made from May 28, 1917
to June 12, 1917. Includes 3" X 3" square plane, 6" X 6" square plane,
I9o T H E FRANKLIN INSTITUTE |J. F. I.

1" upright 24" long, various uprights of different cross section, and several
airfoils. Size 5" X 10½". Bound by paper clips. 16 pages.
13.43 Notes. Wind Tunnel Test Data. Measurements taken from July 2, 1917
to August 25, 1917. Includes data on R.A.F. #6, R.A.F. #3, R.A.F. #2.
Lift and Drift for various Angles of Attack. Bound by wire. 16 pages.
Size 5" X 10½".
13.44 Notes. Wind Tunnel Test Data. Measurements taken from August 25,
1917 to October 19, 1917. Includes data on R.A.F. #6-2, O.W. # 1, #25,
R.A.F. #6, Superposed Gap = Chord, USA #1, R.A.F. #6-3, -4, -5.
Lift and Drift for various Angles of Attack. Bound by wire. 24 pages.
Size 5" X 10½".
13.45 Propeller Test Data. For 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 ft. diameter propellers at
various speedsand horsepowers. Pages (219) string bound. Size 6" X 9".
No date.
13.46 Sheet. Wind Tunnel Test Data. W.A.L. #2 Airfoil. Made May 8,
1919. Size 7" X 11". On notebook form sheet same as those in 629.133
Wr 13.42.
13.47 Sheet. Wind Tunnel Test Data. W.A.L. # 18 Airfoil. Made in May 8,
1919. Size 7" X 11". On notebook form sheet same as those in 629.133
Wr 13.42.
13.48 Graph. W.A.L. #2 and W.A.L. #18. Rough plot of L/ D and Lift vs.
Angle of Attack of data on 629.133 Wr 13.46 and 13.47. Size 8½" X 12".

FIG. 15. Scale and weights made by Orville Wright.

OTHER W I N D TUNNEL MODELS

48-44-7 Model Airplane. Wind tunnel model. Size: span 18½", length 13", height 3".
Monoplane (Dayton Wright), Fuselage of rectangular cross section.
48-44-8 Model Airplane. Wind tunnel model (Dayton-Wrlght), for Gordon Bennett Racer.
Monoplane. Size: span 17½it, length 16½", height 4".
48-44-9 Model Airplane. Split flap, wind tunnel model. Biplane, 1920. Size: span 20["
length 13½", height 3~".
48-44-10 Streamline Shape Wind Tunnel Model. Size: Length 29", max. dia. = 6".
48-44-17 Smoke Ejector. Hollow streamline metal tube ½" wide X 4" long with 14 small
holes through trailing edge. Over-all length 10" including mounting rod.
48-44-18 Smoke Ejector. Hollow streamline metal tube ¼" wide X 4¼" long with glass tube
extending 1¼" from one end. Twenty seven (27) holes through trailing edge.
NOTE: Surfaces between holes are grooved.
Aug., I95I.] WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION I91

48-44-19 Airfoil. Smoke experiments. Heavy fiat plate 2~~" . Chord >( 4 " span, ] " thick.
Hollow tube extends at mounting lug end. Connects to small hole in one surface.
48-44-20 Airfoil. Smoke experiments. Flat Plate 3 " chord X 3" long. ~ " thick.
Beveled edges around one face.
48-44-28 Pitot Tube. Standard type with dynamic and static openings and two tube con-
nectors. Size over-all, 8" X 6 " X .~r,. Tube dia. = ½". Date a b o u t 1917.

SCALE A N D W E I G H T S

48-44-11 Scale and Weights Made by Orville Wright. Mounted on wood base 19~" X 5".
Height 5]".
Six (6) weights. One marked 1 oz., using the scale the other five weights measured,
½oz., 2 oz., 4 oz., 4 oz. and 8 oz. The lever arm is graduated 1 to 8 with 1¼"
between consecutive graduations. Weights are steel 1" in diameter and ~1", ¼,,, 3",
~" ' " and 1~" in thickness.
Five (5) wire weights (bent) one of 1/25 oz., three of 1/50 oz. and one of 1/100 oz.

FIG. 16. Bank indicator.

E N G I N E PARTS

48-44-12 Spark Control Unit. Foot operated, for 1910 Wright Engine. Size: 6 " long, 3½"
wide, 2" in depth. Metal. Ratchet and Paul for adjustable setting.
48--44-13 Valve Assembly. Piece for lower end valve box auxiliary exhaust motor (like one
at Ford). Size: 2~" max. diameter, 4 " long.
48-44-14 Valve Guide. Piece for lower end valve box auxiliary exhaust motor (like one at
Ford). Never used, not completed. Size: 3 ] " max. diam., 2½" long.
48-44-15 Spark Control Unit. For vertical motor of 1903-05, make and break spark adjust-
ment. Two pieces, size: 1" max. diameter, 4 " long; other piece 3 " long, 1-~" wide,
1 ~" thick.
192 T H E FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

48-44-16 Drive Shaft and Bushing. For oil pump. Size: 5]" long, 1]" max. diameter; other
2~" long, 1¼" max. diameter.
HUB A N D PULLEYS

48-44-21 Pulley and Bracket. Pulley 2½" diameter X ~" thick, brass. Bracket size 1~-rp
X¼" X 1" wide.
48-44-22 Pulley and Bracket. Pulley 1½" dia. X ~" thick, brass. Bracket size 2~'t X 1"
X 2" thick.
48-44-23 Hub. For truck used to launch airplane. One of two hubs used. Not used on
December 17, 1903 but used November 24, 1903. Given to Orville Wright at Kitty
Hawk in 1928. Size 5¼" X 5" X 1¼".

FIG. 17. Incidenceindicators.

INSTRUMENTS

48--44--24 Diaphragm Assembly. Double metal diaphragms connected to linkage, two outlets
for hose connection. Size 5¼" d i a m e te r - -l [ " wide.
48-44-25 Bank Indicator. Nameplate, The Wright Co., New York. Size: 3" dia. X ~"
thick. Pointer connected internally to pendular weight. Graduated scale at
bottom. Date, approx. 1914.
48--44-26" Incidence Indicator. Nameplate, Mfg. by the Wright Co., Dayton, O., USA.
Vane type with internal counterbalance. Gear drive to pointer. Scale graduations
0 to 15 in 180°. Size: 17½" X 14" X 6" over-all. Indicator face 6" in diameter.
48--44-27 Incidence Indicator. Early model about 1912. Vane type (see 48-44-26). Over-
all size: 16½" X 15" X 6".
Aug., lt)SL.] WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION 193

AUTOMATIC CONTROL DEVICES

48-44-31 Wing Balancing Device. Noted as Orville Wright Automatic 1910-1911. Two
bladed unit with adjustable pitch mechanism. Believed to be a part of the auto-
matic lateral stability device for which Orville Wright was awarded the Collier
Trophy in 1913. Blades 32" in diameter, over-all length 37" X 5 " high. Wooden
blades and base plate.
48-44-32 Experimental Model of an Electrical Control Device. Noted as Orville Wright Auto-
matic 1918-'1942. Over-all size: 28" X 1o" X 20" high. Mounted on wood base
48-44-33 Valve. For Automatic Control Device Over-all size: 8 " X 7 " X 1½". Two.
valves connected to ¼" copper tubing wit[, bleed-off center tube.

FIG. 18. Experimental model of an -lectrical control device for airplanes.

48-44-34 Control Cylinder. Used in 1918 to operate the wing warping stick. Over-all size:
24½" long X 4 " wide X 2". Large cylinder 2" diameter, small cylinder 1½" diam-
eter.
48--44--35 Bellows. Two bellows mounted to a 2 " X 1" wood member 11½" long. Pressure
inlets to bellows and lever interconnection to pointer. D a t e d 1928. Believed to
have been used in automatic control experimental work. Over-all size: 14" X 5½"
X 2".
48-44--36 Pendular Device. Experimental apparatus probably used during O.W.'s automatic
control investigations. Includes an acceleration compensating mechanism. Over-
all size: 7" X 10" X 3 it.
48--44--37 Pattern. Housing for autopilot pendulum. 2 pieces, cover, and housing. Over-all
size: 7½" X 5" X 13". Made of wood.
48--44--38 Landing Device. Automatic. Dated 1943. Mechanism mounted in a wing sec-
tion of 16½" chord, 4 " thick and 2" wide.
194 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

FIG. 19. Power unit used by Orville Wright to achieve automatic lateral stability ir~ 1910. A pendulum
operated the rotating cam which controlled the blade pitch to supply a force to operate the wing warping system
through the pulley at the end of the shaft.

FIG. 20. Automatic landing device.

A u g . , I95I. ] WRIGHT BROTHERS' COLLECTION I95

629.133 W r 1 6 . l l Diagram. W i r i n g d i a g r a m n o t e d X - r a y . A p p e a r s t o b e for a u t o m a t i c

control device. No date. S i z e : 5 't X 9". Brown wrapping paper.

CYPHER MACHINE
4 8 - - 4 4 - 3 9 Cypher Machine. D a t e d 1944. M a c h i n e m a d e b y O r v i l l e W r i g h t for a u t o m a t i c
s e l e c t i v e c o d i n g of m e s s a g e s . O v e r - a l l s i z e : 9 " X 9 " X 5". C o m b i n a t i o n of g e a r s .
c a m s , l i n k a g e s m o u n t e d o n w o o d e n U piece.
4 8 - 4 4 - 4 0 Coding Boards for Cypher k[achine. T w o b o a r d s w i t h 6 d i a l s e a c h u s e d for c o d i n g
a n d d e c o d i n g m e s s a g e s . S i z e # 1 is 2 2 " l o n g X 3 4 " w i d e ; size # 2 is 1 8 " l o n g X 3 "
w i d e . W o o d b a s e s a r e ½" t h i c k . I n s t r u c t i o n s for c o d i n g a n d d e c o d i n g a r e g i v e n
as follows:
Cypher Machine No. 3. All disks turn to right, or clockwise, except No. 4 which turns both left and
right.
7"o Code:
Turn disk No. 3 to first letter of message.
Turn disk No. 2 and No. 4 same number of spaces. This gives first cypher letter.
Turn disk No. 4 to the left the number of spaces indicated by the smaller red numbers in red on. Nos.
5 and 6.
Turn disk No. 5 to right red number on No. 4.
Turn disk No. 6 to right red number on No. 3.
Turn disk No. I the number of spaces indicated by the smallest of the block number on Nos, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Turn disk No. 2 block number on No. 1.
Turn disk No. 3 to next letter of the message.
Turn disk No. 2 the same number of spaces. (Record second code letter.)

FIG. 21. Cypher machine.

196 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE [J. F. I.

To Decode:
Turn No. 2 to first letter of code.
Turn No. 3 same number of spaces. (Record message letter at top of dial on No. 3 which is first
letter of original message.)
Turn No. 4 to right same number of spaces as No. 3.
Turn No. 4 to left the smaller red number of Nos. 5 and 6.
Turn No. 5 to right red number under No. 4.
Turn No. 6 to right red number under No. 4.
Turn No. 1 to smallest black number on Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6.
Turn No. 2 black number on No. 1 under 26.
Turn No. 2 to second letter in code.
Turn No. 3 same number of spaces (Record second message letter at top of dial No. 3, etc.)
Disk No. 2 gives cypher letters.
Disk No. 3 gives message letters.
R e f e r e n c e s to n u m b e r s on d i s k s a r e to t h e n u m b e r s a t t o p of disks.

HYDRAULIC PUMP
629.133 W r 11.11 Drawings. W r i g h t H y d r a u l i c P u m p . Collection of d r a w i n g s a n d n o t e s
c o n c e r n i n g a wobble p l a t e t y p e of h y d r a u l i c p u m p a n d c o n t r o l device.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

4 8 4 4 - - 2 9 Mud Hooks for Automobile Wheels. M a d e b y Orville W r i g h t in t h e 1920's. T w o

pairs. Over-aU size: 8½" X 7" X 1". M a d e f r o m ~" X 1" m e t a l strap.
4 8 - 4 4 - 3 0 Hub for Fan Brake used in Testing Engines. M e t a l . Over-all size 14" X 5 " X 2"
wide.
4 8 - - 4 4 4 1 Miscellaneous Parts. S m a l l box of m i s c e l l a n e o u s small parts, weights, etc.
629.133 W r 12.11 Photostat. Article, " O t t o L i l i e n t h a l " b y Orville W r i g h t . Size: 17" X 13".
P u b l i s h e d in t h e Bulletin of t h e Aero Club of A m e r i c a , N e w York, Sep-
t e m b e r 1912, V. 1, p. 20-21.
12.12 West Side News, D a y t o n , Ohio, Vol. I, No. 9, issue of M a y 5, 1889.
12.13 West Side News, D a y t o n , Ohio, Vol. I, No. 2 issue of M a r c h 16, 1889.

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND THE ARTS

(Abstract of Proceedings of Stated Meeting held Wednesday, June 13, 1951.)
HALL OF THE COMMITTEE,
PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 13, 1951.

DR. RUPEN EI<SERGIAN in t h e Chair.

T h e following r e p o r t s were p r e s e n t e d for final a c t i o n :

No. 3236: H e n d e r s o n Medal.
T h i s r e p o r t r e c o m m e n d e d t h e a w a r d of t h e George R. H e n d e r s o n M e d a l to H e r m a n n
Letup, of Ridgewood, N e w Jersey, "In view of his basic c o n t r i b u t i o n s to t h e Electric T r a n s -
m i s s i o n t h r o u g h field control, t h e r e b y i m p r o v i n g t h e p e r f o r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d engine
loading of Diesel Electric l o c o m o t i v e s . "
No. 3239: B r o w n M e d a l .
T h i s r e p o r t r e c o m m e n d e d t h e a w a r d of t h e F r a n k P. B r o w n M e d a l to S a m u e l A r n o l d
Greeley, of W i n n e t k a , Illinois, "For his leadership in t h e profession of S a n i t a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
a n d his m a n y c o n t r i b u t i o n s to k n o w l e d g e in t h a t field w h i c h h a v e p a r t i c u l a r l y i m p r o v e d t h e
welfare of u r b a n p o p u l a t i o n s . "
JOHN FRAZER,
Secretary to Committee.