Forms of correctional treatment of criminal
offender
Institutional Treatment or Community-Based Treatment or
institutional Correction Non-Institutional Correction
the convicted offender convicted offenders
have to serve their have to serve or
sentence behind bars continue their sentence
1. The National Prison’s in the community
and penal farms under subject to the terms and
conditions imposed by
DOJ
the court.
2. Provincial and sub-
Provincial jails under
Provincial Gov’t. Ex. Those granted for
Probation, Parole,
3. City, Municipal and Conditional Pardon or
District Jails under DILG recognizance (PPA)
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
Therapeutic Community Modality Program
(TCMP)/ Therapeutic Modalities / Therapeutic
Approach
❑It is a self-help learning treatment model used for clients with
problems of drug abuse and other behavioral problems such as
alcoholism, stealing, and other anti-social tendencies.
❑ It is recognized as the backbone program of
the BJMP for inmate development and is
being implemented in majority of the jails
nationwide.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
❑ A therapeutic community treatment model is
one in which participants are taught to work
with one another.
❑ Community members promote self-change
by becoming positive role models for one
another under the guidance of the staff.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
❑ In the DOJ-PPA program for rehabilitation of
offenders is a Self-Help Social Learning
Treatment Modality that uses the TC
Family/Community of staff (PPOs and VPAs) and
clients as the primary therapeutic vehicle to
foster behavioral and attitudinal change. Its
rules and norms, shared beliefs, tools and
processes combine to enable clients to actively
work toward their individual goals for “right
living.”
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
The term was coined
when THOMAS MAIN
pioneered a therapeutic
1946 model combining
community therapy with
ongoing psychoanalytic
psychotherapy
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
Introduction of
1998-2004
the TC Modality
1999-2005 Initial Implementation
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
Realignment and
2006-2012
Harmonization
Utilizing TC through an
2013-beyond Integrated Ladderized
Approach
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
Cardinal rules of the therapeutic community
No escape or attempts to escape.
No violence or imminent threats of bodily harm.
No possession or use of weapons.
No possession or use of alcohol or other drugs
nor refusal to submit to urinalysis testing.
No gang-related activities, specifically
violence, intimidation and/or recruiting.
No sexual misconduct.
Notes: Violation of a cardinal rule may result in
expulsion from the program
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
four (4) categories of Therapeutic Community Modality
[Link] management
2. intellectual/spiritual aspect
3. emotional and social aspects
4. vocational/survival aspects.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
ROLE OF A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY:
❑A positive environment for learning how to be accountable
for one's choices in a caring community where members can
help themselves and each other make positive changes. Staff
and residents work together to establish and maintain a
positive, growth-filled environment.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
Therapeutic Community Modality provides a well-defined
structure for a synchronized and focused implementation of the
various intervention strategies/activities undertaken by the
Agency such as:
1. Individual and group counseling
This activity intends to assist the clients in trying to sort
out their problems, identify solutions, reconcile conflicts
and help resolve them. This could be done either by
individual or group interaction with the officers of the
Agency.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
2. Moral, Spiritual, Values Formation
Seminars, lectures or trainings offered or arranged by the
Agency comprise these rehabilitation activities. Active NGOs,
schools, civic and religious organizations are tapped to
facilitate the activities.
3. Work or Job Placement/Referral
Categorized as an informal program wherein a client is
referred for work or job placement through the officer’s own
personal effort, contact or information.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
4. Vocational/Livelihood and Skills Training
The program includes the setting up of seminars and skills training
classes like food preservation and processing, candle making,
novelty items and handicrafts making, etc., to help the clients earn
extra income. Likewise, vocational and technical trade classes are
availed of such as refrigeration, automotive mechanic,
radio/television and electronics repairs, tailoring, dressmaking,
basic computer training, etc. through coordination with local
barangays, parish centers, schools and civic organizations.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
5. Health, Mental and Medical Services
To address some of the basic needs of clients and their
families, medical missions are organized to provide various
forms of medical and health services including physical
examination and treatment, free medicines and vitamins,
dental examination and treatment, drug dependency test
and laboratory examination.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
6. Literacy and Education
In coordination with LGU programs, adult education classes
are availed of to help clients learn basic writing, reading and
arithmetic. Likewise, literacy teach-ins during any sessions
conducted for clients become part of the module. This is
particularly intended for clients who are “no read, no write”
to help them become functionally literate.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
7. Community Service
This program refers to the services in the community
rendered by clients for the benefit of society. It includes tree
planting, beautification drives, cleaning and greening of
surroundings, maintenance of public parks and places,
garbage collection, blood donation and similar socio-civic
activities.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
8. Client Self-Help Organization
This program takes the form of cooperatives and client
associations wherein the clients form cooperatives and
associations as an economic group to venture on small-
scale projects. Similarly, client associations serve another
purpose by providing some structure to the lives of clients
where they re-learn the basics of working within a group
with hierarchy, authority and responsibility much like in
the bigger society.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
9. Payment of Civil Liability
The payment of civil liability or indemnification to victims of
offenders are pursued despite the economic status of clients.
Payment of obligations to the victims instills in the minds of
the clients their responsibility and the consequences of the
harm they inflicted to others.
10. Environment and Ecology
To instill awareness and concern in preserving ecological
balance and environmental health, seminars/lectures are
conducted wherein clients participate. These seminars/lectures
tackle anti-smoke belching campaign, organic farming, waste
management, segregation and disposal and proper care of the
environment.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS
CONT…
11. Sports and Physical Fitness
Activities that provide physical exertion like sports, games and
group play are conducted to enhance the physical well being of
clients. Friendly competition of clients from the various offices
of the sectors, together with the officers, provide an enjoyable
and healthful respite.
MARY GRACE M. VILLACRUSIS