Lab - Configure Single-Area OSPFv2

Topology

Addressing Table

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask

R1 G0/0/1 [Link] [Link]

R1 Loopback1 [Link] [Link]

R2 G0/0/1 [Link] [Link]

R2 Loopback1 [Link] [Link]

Objectives
Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings
Part 2: Configure and Verify Single-Area OSPFv2 for basic operation
Part 3: Optimize and Verify the Single-Area OSPFv2 configuration

Background / Scenario
You have been tasked with configuring a small company’s network using OSPFv2. R1 will be
hosting an internet connection (simulated by interface Loopback 1) and sharing the default route
information to R2. After the initial configuration, the organization has asked for the configuration to
be optimized to reduce protocol traffic and ensure that R1 remains in control of routing.
Note: The static routing approach used in this lab is to assess your ability to configure and adjust
OSPFv2 in a single-area configuration. This approach used in this lab may not reflect networking
best practices.
Note: The routers used with CCNA hands-on labs are Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4
(universalk9 image). The switches used in the labs are Cisco Catalyst 2960s with Cisco IOS Release
15.2(2) (lanbasek9 image). Other routers, switches, and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending
on the model and Cisco IOS version, the commands available and the output produced might vary
from what is shown in the labs. Refer to the Router Interface Summary Table at the end of the lab
for the correct interface identifiers.

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Lab - Configure Single-Area OSPFv2

Note: Ensure that the routers and switches have been erased and have no startup configurations. If
you are unsure contact your instructor.

Required Resources
 2 Routers (Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 universal image or comparable)
 2 Switches (Cisco 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) lanbasek9 image or comparable)
 1 PC (Windows with a terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term)
 Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
 Ethernet cables as shown in the topology

Instructions

Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings.

Step 1: Cable the network as shown in the topology.

Attach the devices as shown in the topology diagram, and cable as necessary.

Step 2: Configure basic settings for each router.

Open configuration window
a. Assign a device name to each router.

router(config)# hostname R1

router(config)# hostname R2

b. Disable DNS lookup to prevent the router from attempting to translate incorrectly entered
commands as though they were host names.

R1(config)# no ip domain lookup

R2(config)# no ip domain lookup

c. Assign class as the privileged EXEC encrypted password.

R1(config)# enable secret class

R2(config)# enable secret class

d. Assign cisco as the console password and enable login.

R1(config)# line console 0

R1(config-line)# password cisco

R1(config-line)# login

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R2(config)# line console 0

R2(config-line)# password cisco

R2(config-line)# login

e. Assign cisco as the VTY password and enable login.

R1(config)# line vty 0 4

R1(config-line)# password cisco

R1(config-line)# login

R2(config)# line vty 0 4

R2(config-line)# password cisco

R2(config-line)# login

f. Encrypt the plaintext passwords.

R1(config)# service password-encryption

R2(config)# service password-encryption

g. Create a banner that warns anyone accessing the device that unauthorized access is prohibited.

R1(config)# banner motd $ Authorized Users Only! $

R2(config)# banner motd $ Authorized Users Only! $

h. Save the running configuration to the startup configuration file.

R1# copy running-config startup-config

R2# copy running-config startup-config

Step 3: Configure basic settings for each switch.

a. Assign a device name to each switch.

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Lab - Configure Single-Area OSPFv2

switch(config)# hostname S1

switch(config)# hostname S2

b. Disable DNS lookup to prevent the router from attempting to translate incorrectly entered
commands as though they were host names.

S1(config)# no ip domain lookup

S2(config)# no ip domain lookup

c. Assign class as the privileged EXEC encrypted password.

S1(config)# enable secret class

S2(config)# enable secret class

d. Assign cisco as the console password and enable login.

S1(config)# line console 0

S1(config-line)# password cisco

S1(config-line)# login

S2(config)# line console 0

S2(config-line)# password cisco

S2(config-line)# login

e. Assign cisco as the VTY password and enable login

S1(config)# line vty 0 15

S1(config-line)# password cisco

S1(config-line)# login

S2(config)# line vty 0 15

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Lab - Configure Single-Area OSPFv2

S2(config-line)# password cisco

S2(config-line)# login

f. Encrypt the plaintext passwords.

S1(config)# service password-encryption

S2(config)# service password-encryption

g. Create a banner that warns anyone accessing the device that unauthorized access is prohibited.

S1(config)# banner motd $ Authorized Users Only! $

S2(config)# banner motd $ Authorized Users Only! $

h. Save the running configuration to the startup configuration file.

S1# copy running-config startup-config

S2# copy running-config startup-config

Close configuration window

Part 2: Configure and Verify Single-Area OSPFv2 for basic operation.

Step 1: Configure interface addresses and basic OSPFv2 on each router.

a. Configure interface addresses on each router as shown in the Addressing Table above.

R1(config)# interface g0/0/1

R1(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]

R1(config-if)# no shut

R1(config-if)# exit

R1(config)# interface loopback 1

R1(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]

R1(config-if)# exit

R2(config)# interface g0/0/1

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Lab - Configure Single-Area OSPFv2

R2(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]

R2(config-if)# no shut

R2(config-if)# exit

R2(config)# interface loopback 1

R2(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]

R2(config-if)# exit

Open configuration window

b. Enter OSPF router configuration mode using process ID 56.

R1(config)# router ospf 56

R2(config)# router ospf 56

c. Configure a static router ID for each router ([Link] for R1, [Link] for R2).

R1(config-router)# router-id [Link]

R2(config-router)# router-id [Link]

d. Configure a network statement for the network between R1 and R2 placing it in area 0.

R1(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0

R2(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0

e. On R2 only, add the configuration necessary to advertise the Loopback 1 network into OSPF
area 0.

R2(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0

OR

R2(config)# interface loopback1

R2(config-if)# ip ospf 56 area 0

f. Verify OSPFv2 is operational between the routers. Issue the command to verify R1 and R2 have
formed an adjacency.

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Question:

R1# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

[Link] 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 [Link] GigabitEthernet0/0/1

R2# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

[Link] 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:37 [Link] GigabitEthernet0/0/1

Which router is identified as the DR? Which is the BDR? What was the selection criteria?

Type younswers here.

Answers may vary. In my case R1 was configured first and was speaking OSPF before R2. So during
the OSPF election only R1 was configured for OSPF and became the DR. After R2 was configured for
OSPF it became the BDR on the Gigabit segment. The router with the highest router ID is used in the
selection of DR and BDR.

g. On R1, issue the show ip route ospf command to verify that the R2 Loopback1 network is
present in the routing table. Notice the default behavior of OSPF is to advertise a loopback
interface as a host route using a 32 bit mask.

R1# show ip route ospf

<output omitted>

Gateway of last resort is not set

[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], 00:03:12, GigabitEthernet0/0/1

h. Ping the R2 Loopback 1 interface address from R1. The ping should succeed.

R1# ping [Link]

Type escape sequence to abort.

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Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

close configuration window

Part 3: Optimize the Single-Area OSPFv2 configuration

Step 1: Implement various optimizations on each router.

Open configuration window
a. On R1, configure the interface G0/0/1 OSPF priority to 50 to ensure R1 is the Designated
Router.

R1(config)# interface g0/0/1

R1(config-if)# ip ospf priority 50

b. Configure the OSPF timers on the G0/0/1 of each router for a hello timer of 30 seconds.

R1(config)# interface g0/0/1

R1(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval 30

R2(config)# interface g0/0/1

R1(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval 30

c. On R1, configure a default static route that uses interface Loopback 1 as the exit interface. Then,
propagate the default route into OSPF. Note the console message after setting the default route.

R1(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] loopack 1

%Default route without gateway, if not a point-to-point interface, may impact performance

R1(config)# router ospf 56

R1(config-router)# default-information originate

d. On R2 only, add the configuration necessary for OSPF to treat R2 Loopback 1 like a point-to-
point network. This results in OSPF advertising Loopback 1 using the interface subnet mask.

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R2(config)# interface loopback 1

R2(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-point

R2(config-if)# exit

e. On R2 only, add the configuration necessary to prevent OSPF advertisements from being sent to
the Loopback 1 network.

R2(config)# router ospf 56

R2(config-router)# passive-interface loopback 1

R2(config-router)# exit

f. Change the reference bandwidth on each router to 1Gbs. After this configuration, restart OSPF
using the clear ip ospf process command. Note the console message after setting the new
reference bandwidth.

R1(config)# router ospf 56

R1(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000

%OSPF: Reference bandwidth is changed.

Please ensure reference bandwidth is consistent across all routers.

R1(config-router)# end

R1# clear ip ospf process

Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: yes

R2(config)# router ospf 56

R2(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
%OSPF: Reference bandwidth is changed.
Please ensure reference bandwidth is consistent across all routers.
R2(config-router)# end
R2# clear ip ospf process
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: yes

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Step 2: Verify OSPFv2 optimizations are in place.

a. Issue the show ip ospf interface g0/0/1 command on R1 and verify that the interface priority has
been set to 50 and that the time intervals are Hello 30, Dead 120, and the default Network Type
is Broadcast

R1# show ip ospf interface g0/0/1

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address [Link]/24, Interface ID 7, Area 0

Attached via Network Statement

Process ID 56, Router ID [Link], Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10

Topology-MTID Cost Disabled Shutdown Topology Name

0 10 no no Base

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 50

Designated Router (ID) [Link], Interface address [Link]

Backup Designated router (ID) [Link], Interface address [Link]

Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5

oob-resync timeout 120

Hello due in 00:00:09

Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

Cisco NSF helper support enabled

IETF NSF helper support enabled

Index 1/1/1, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

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Adjacent with neighbor [Link] (Backup Designated Router)

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

b. On R1, issue the show ip route ospf command to verify that the R2 Loopback1 network is
present in the routing table. Note the difference in the metric between this output and the
previous output. Also note the mask is now 24 bits as opposed to the 32 bits previously
advertised.

R1# show ip route ospf

<output omitted>

Gateway of last resort is [Link] to network [Link]

O [Link]/24 [110/11] via [Link], 00:03:11, GigabitEthernet0/0/1

c. On R2, issue the show ip route ospf command. The only OSPF route information should be the
default route R1 is propagating.

R2# show ip route ospf

<output omitted>

Gateway of last resort is [Link] to network [Link]

O*E2 [Link]/0 [110/1] via [Link], 00:08:01, GigabitEthernet0/0/1

d. Ping the R1 Loopback 1 interface address from R2. The ping should succeed.
Question:

R2# ping [Link]

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

Why is the OSPF cost for the default route different than the OSPF cost at R1 for the
[Link]/24 network?

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A default static route imported into OSPF is given the metric type of “E2” or External Type 2 by default.
An “E2” by default, keeps the same OSPF cost across the entire OSPF network. In this case, the metric
for the default route was 1, so it has a metric of 1 everywhere in the OSPF 56 network. The
[Link] /24 network is an internal OSPF route whose metric is cumulative.

Type your answers here.

Close configuration window

Router Interface Summary Table

Router Ethernet Interface Ethernet Interface Serial Interface

Model #1 #2 #1 Serial Interface #2

Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 Serial 0/0/1
1800 (F0/0) (F0/1) (S0/0/0) (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 Serial 0/0/1
1900 (G0/0) (G0/1) (S0/0/0) (S0/0/1)
Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/1/0 Serial 0/1/1
2801 (F0/0) (F0/1) (S0/1/0) (S0/1/1)
Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 Serial 0/0/1
2811 (F0/0) (F0/1) (S0/0/0) (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 Serial 0/0/1
2900 (G0/0) (G0/1) (S0/0/0) (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Serial 0/1/0 Serial 0/1/1
4221 0/0/0 (G0/0/0) 0/0/1 (G0/0/1) (S0/1/0) (S0/1/1)
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Serial 0/1/0 Serial 0/1/1
4300 0/0/0 (G0/0/0) 0/0/1 (G0/0/1) (S0/1/0) (S0/1/1)
Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces to identify the type of router and
how many interfaces the router has. There is no way to effectively list all the combinations of
configurations for each router class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations of
Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device. The table does not include any other type of interface, even
though a specific router may contain one. An example of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The
string in parenthesis is the legal abbreviation that can be used in Cisco IOS commands to represent the
interface.
End of document

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