Dissertation Proposal

Factors shaping workplace health

and safety; A study on Sri Lanka's
apparel sector

Research Methods (MBA 7004)

Assignment

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Student Details ( Student should fill the content)
Name Lamahewage Thilini Maheshika Lamahewage
Batch No 86
Student ID Cardiff Met ICBT ID : CL/CARDIFFMB/19/25
ID :20167639
Batch No 86

Scheduled unit details

Unit code MBA 7004
Unit title Research Methods Assignment -Dissertation Proposal
Assignment Details
Nature of the Assessment REPORT
Topic of the Case Study GIVEN
Learning Outcomes covered YES
Word count 4500 Dissertation Proposal
Due date / Time Presentation: 27 September 2020
Proposal (Report): 4th October 2020
Declaration
I certify that the attached material is my original work. No other person’s work or ideas have been
used without acknowledgement. Except where I have clearly stated that I have used some of this
material elsewhere, I have not presented it for examination / assessment in any other course or unit
at this or any other institution
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Marks by 1st Name & Signature of the 1st Agreed Mark
Assessor Assessor

Marks by IV: Name & Signature of the IV

For Office use only (Soft copy assignments)
Receipt date Received by

Assignment Type & Title:

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For student use: Critical feedback on the individual progression towards achieving the
assignment outcomes

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Comments and area for improvement

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Plagiarism page 01

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Plagiarism page 02

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Turnitin Report

Acknowledgment

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Table of content

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List of tables

List of figures

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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction

In terms of injuries and subsequent participation in litigation, related costs and retention of workers,
the introduction of the OHS system has been of Crucial value to a company, particularly in the
industrial sector.( OHS - Occupational Health and Safety )

With an Increased accident figures and a lower level of productivity and product/good quality, an
organization involved in the manufacture of apparel was noted. This research was performed after an
initial review author to explore whether there is any effect on occupational health and safety including
four independent factors.

1.2 Problem Identification

In this report, as set out below, an analysis of the application of the OHS Management System It is
carried out with a view to obtain in-depth information in several fields. Identification of health and
safety issues in the workplace associated with a selected company employed in the apparel industry.
Author has noticed a huge injury rate in the organization. Same time, it offered further insights into a
discussion with management that the company does not have a strong productivity level anywhere.
(2008 by Hutton).

It would take different Man power requirements to conduct these operations and to attain the targets at
the end of the day companies. Employees are the primary asset of each organization that determines
the company's success or failure. Then what will lead to an unsafe and hazardous work environment
for a company?

1.3 Justification of Problem

1.3.1 Identified Issues

For three consecutive years, a comprehensive analysis of secondary data showed that accident rates in
the organization where the research is conducted were significantly higher than socially Levels that
are appropriate . In addition, as previously reported, the efficacy was decreasing and management was
unable to reach production goals.

For the years 2017 to 2019 inclusive, the following graphs provide a graphic representation of the
above reality.

(2019) Average Efficiency versus Total Accidents

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 Average Efficiency versus Total Accidents
43
85.0%
33 65.0%
23 45.0%
13 25.0%
3 5.0%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Total Acci- 25 29 31 12 25 32 16 35 30 21 42 18
dent
Factory Avg 0.890 0.830 0.81 0.9 0.78 0.850 0.9 0.705 0.755 0.830 0.582 0.91
Effi 0000 0000 0000 1717 4730 0000 6235
0000 0000 0000 0017 0332 0000 5763
0003 0002 0002 8145 1131 0002 8937

Thus, Missing Man Days = 97 resulted in $55.43 x 97 = $5,376.00 in 2019 Direct Financial Loss and
subsequent increased costs of compensation. In accordance with the methods of work study
calculations performed, cost per day is taken.

(2018) Average Efficiency versus Total Accidents

(2018) Average Efficiency versus Total Accidents

55
85.0%
45
65.0%
35
25 45.0%
15 25.0%
5 5.0%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Total Acci- 34 45 36 18 29 36 51 45 43 48 50 26
dent
Factory 0.8 0.750 0.79 0.89 0.730 0.700 0.650 0.690 0.700 0.760 0.630 0.89
Avg Effi 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
09 02 02 09 02 02 09 09

In 2018, Missed Man Days = 57 resulting in $52 x 57 = $2,967 Direct Financial Loss and related
increased compensation costs. Cost per day is taken in accordance with the methods of work study
measurements conducted.

2017 Average Productivity verses Total Accidents

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 Average Productivity verses Total Accidents
65
85.0%
55
45 65.0%
35 45.0%
25
15 25.0%
5 5.0%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Total 39 59 58 15 26 34 53 39 37 46 43 20
Acci-
dent
Fac- 0.760 0.68 0.600 0.760 0.700 0.710 0.640 0.760 0.710 0.700 0.600 0.860
tory 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
Avg 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
Effi 09 02 09 02 02 09 09 02 02 02 02

In 2017, Missed Man Days = 65 resulting in $51.32 x 65 = $3,335.80 Direct Financial Loss and
corresponding increased compensation costs. Cost per day is taken in accordance with the methods of
work study measurements conducted.

In addition to the subsequent conversation and Visits to locations the author had with the
management, It was clear that management had not yet taken into account any constructive thought
about the facility's health and safety. Bad findings have been seen during the basic inquiries into most
social and H&S audits performed by internal audit teams and third parties, leading the organization
not to obtain any new certifications relevant to the sector.

In the past, a Safety Committee was set up by the Department of Human Resources to recognize and
address possible safety concerns. Reviewing the minutes of such meetings and committees, it was
noted that concerns about safety concerns were expressed by staff and mostly related to aspects of
'machine safety.'

1.3.2 Management’s Commitment

There is no question that human resources are one of its core assets, in line with discussions and
evaluations conducted in previous 1.2 and early 1.3. Effective / efficient use of HR would also have
absolute productivity and effectiveness. Many organizations recognize this as real, but fail to consider
human resources. Management strategies need to ensure that workers in the company operate in a
secure and healthy atmosphere, resulting in efficient use. It is apparent that injuries are expensive for
both the worker and the company affected. Since the management and staff should make every effort
to ensure that there are no injuries at the workplace.

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1.4 Research Problem

The business has shown a decline in output and an increased number of accidents in the recent past. In
the allocated time slot, production staff struggled to meet the job quota, but they admitted that they
did not adjust anything in this regard. An educated guess was made and questions were asked in
management meetings and brain storming sessions to understand whether there is any link between
the two aspects, where the author has been part of such discussions and meetings. While health and
safety in manufacturing firms should be a major concern for everyone in the industry, it is unfortunate
that in this part of the world, especially in Sri Lanka, sufficient attention has not been paid to the
issue. The associated labor authorities need serious care in clothing manufacturing businesses such as
CCV Apparel, the use of machinery , equipment, the use of tools used by hand, and many other
activities.

1.4.1 Problem Statement

CCV Apparel Pvt's Regular Incidents. Combined with low productivity and high employee
complaints, Ltd. allows a research study to be performed to determine variables and actions for
remediation.

1.5 Objectives of the Research

 To investigate the latest factory H&S practices and how they lead for injuries.
 To recognize the problems with occupational health and safety in this building.
 To change the level of consciousness of workers about workplace health and safety.
 To include management guidelines to maintain a healthy working atmosphere and to enforce
procedures at CCV Apparel Pvt to sustain a secure working culture. Ltd, ltd.

1.5 Methodology.
The researcher selected the operator category and selected a sample of 135 workers for above in
order to continue with the analysis and to get to the bottom of the study goals.

The method of stratified sampling used when choosing the sample is used. They are classified under
the methods below.

• Internal Job Task

• Service period

Gender

• Age

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When assessing the effects, secondary and primary information was obtained. When summarizing the
details gathered, Microsoft Excel and its methods of analysis were used. In order to get the primary
data identified in the report, a questionnaire was prepared. The questionnaire was structured in such a
manner that it captured all the variables put forth by the author.

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Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The value of human capital as the most important element in organizations' competitive advantages in
recent ages has been stressed today by most theorists. In relation to the best use of these variables,
they consider the performance of organisations.
For the purpose of acquiring deep understanding, this chapter describes ideas and knowledge on
occupational health and safety. It reviews the existing knowledge of occupational health and safety,
paying particular attention to the training provided, the management commitments, the quality and
safety measures of the machinery used and the policies and procedures in place at the facility.

2.2 Health & safety concepts, perspectives and significance

The history of the Industrial Revolution is not a very pretty picture, as seen by the end of H&S
workers. For nearly two centuries, it was not known to be an significant point for an employer.

2.2.1 Views and Definitions

The International Labour Organization ( ILO) describes occupational health in its 1985 Convention on
Occupational Health Services, C161, pursuant to Article 1.(ILO, 1985) It is said that the WHO
concept of health is a state of complete physical , mental and social well-being, not merely the
absence of sickness or infirmity. But Abdulrahman M. El-Sayed, an associate professor, writes an
article titled 'Rethinking Our Public Health Genetics Study Framework' in the 'American Journal of
Public Health' (El-Sayed, 2013) in the 'American Journal of Public Health' (El-Sayed, 2013) provides
a detailed overview of concepts and viewpoints, with a historical context, illustrating views on health
and/or protection issues of different parties. Criticism means new definitions as well.

'Safety' is freedom from the occurrence or possibility of loss or injury. Once again, Emmanuel I.
Akpan described industrial or employee safety as employee safety from the risk of industrial
accidents.

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2.2.2 Importance and Benefits
In one of his studies on the introduction of health and safety legislation, Professor Ragnar E
Lofstedt (Lofstedt,.2011, pp 26-28) states that the expense of enforcing the legislation is offset
by its benefits. 'Benefits and expenses' under its website, HSE stresses the related against
benefits the common misconception that H&S is a burden on an enterprise. (2015 Entec UK
Limited)

It should not be seen as a legislative burden to fix health and safety: it creates substantial
[Link] can include:

o High Production
o Risk Reduction;
o fewer accidents;
o Enhanced standing between suppliers and partners;
o Reduced turnover and absenteeism.
o Cost reduction;
o Reduced danger of legal proceedings;
o High Reputation;

HSE, discussing the managerial sector again, also highlights the following issues.
Good health and safety practice makes strong business sense. You could:
o Reduce sick leave and absences
o Retention of staff
o Boost profits/ productivity
o Reduce your insurance costs / legal costs
o Maintain organization’s reputation
o Cover the workers from the suffering and ill health caused by injuries.

2.3 How training will impact on occupational health and safety

It is clear that training plays a significant role in workplace health and safety by examining studies
performed by research workers and the relevant authorities.

2.3.1 Law Enforcement Officials' Views

"The Health and Safety at Work, etc." The basic enactment covering word-related well-being and
protection within the Joined Together Kingdom is the Act 1974, also referred to as HASAW or HSW.
The Wellness and Security Official (HSE) is capable of enforcing the Act and a variety of other

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Actions that are relevant to the working environment and Legislative Rebellious. (1974, 2015 HSE,
HSWA Act).

HSE talks of employers' obligation to get the requisite training for the employees It illustrates vague
fields such as' adequate preparation. (HSE, 2015 Training & Competence)' Employers should' ensure
that the all persons using work equipment have earned adequate training for the purposes of well-
being and protection, counting preparation within techniques that can be obtained while using work
hardware, and hazards that may require such usage and the protection measures to be taken.'
(PUWER direction 9).

In relation to supervisory and administrative personnel, there is a comparable responsibility to

ensure adequate planning. Why is it necessary to plan for welfare and security? More than 200
people are killed in workplace mishaps each year and more than one million people are injured.
More than two million suffer from ailments induced by, or made more unfortunate by, factors, namely
the preparation, dedication of management, machinery efficiency and the organization's policies and
procedures.

OSH Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-596, 1970) To ensure secure and healthy working conditions for
working men and women; by enabling the requirements established under the Act to be enforced; by
assisting and encouraging States in their efforts to ensure safe and healthy working conditions; by
providing study, information , education and training in the field of occupational safety and health.

Workplace H&S Services (WSPS) discusses the same for easy comprehension in the layman's
language. (2014, WSPS)

The analysis of the above literature clearly highlights the fact that the 'training aspect' is stressed by
all law enforcement agencies relevant to OHS.

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2.3.2 Views on Other Academic Work

In a study by David Walters (Walters, Kirby, & Daly, 2001), the fact that '79 percent of the sample
indicated that they found training supportive of their workplace service' was highlighted in an analysis
of the effects of labor unions and health and safety training. He went on to point out that the results
showed that not only do H&S members consider training to be an important aid to their activities and
achievements, but that, as a result of training, these activities and achievements have increased in
most cases. In a systematic study conducted by Lynda Robson and his team (Robson, et al., 2010),'
Training' is defined as 'In its conclusion, research shows that there was clear evidence of the efficacy
of worker OHS training, although there was insufficient evidence that high engagement training is
more successful than medium/low engaged awareness, attitude or health training.

2.4 How does the dedication of factory managers impact workplace health and safety?

2.4.1 Commitment of Management

In an essay, Emmanuel I. Akpan discusses how the dedication of management to health and safety can
be a success.
“Improving organizational efficiency can be demonstrated by intensifying efforts towards rising the
degree and quality of production. To accomplish this objective means that staff efforts are needed in
the performance of tasks.”

With the above comments made by Emmanuel, the author sees some kind of resemblance in the
existing activities of the organization under review. In the company where the research is being
performed, the same situations were found, i.e. 'Performance is declining and injury rates inside the
facility are rising. The author of Vital Competencies for SH&E Managers, Earl Blair, states that the
dedication of management can be accomplished by comparing a health and safety cost / benefit study.
The author also cites managers who do not do this and demonstrates the value of failing to do this in
the process. (From Blair 2004, 6).

2.4.2 Organizational Involvement

Organizational dedication is commonly explained as an attitude linked to work. Without employee
participation, companies do not expect any productive and successful job performance, regardless of
their place in the hierarchy of the company. There is no different than in the Healthier working
environment implementation. Fred Luthans who is a scholar in this field, addressed increasing the
value of organizational engagement. "He says," while the satisfaction of the workers is highly
oriented towards the degree of work dedication and organization. (Luthans, 2008)

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  'Identification' with the aims and/or purpose of the organization, embodied in the
organization's pride and protection,
 Long-term corporate membership and purpose to stay with the company, also referred to as
allegiance and loyalty
 Often referred to as conduct of citizenry or pro-social conduct., high levels of extra role
behavior , i.e. behavior above necessary efficiency.

In the literature of organizational commitment, the distinction between attitudinal and behavioral
commitment is now well founded. (Meyer & Allen, 1991), thereby detailing the notion of
organizational devotion as a mentality. Two motives for this is to assist in the analysis of current
research and to act as a 'foundation for future research.' (1991: Meyer & Allen)

 As per Meyer & Allen, the affective Loyalty applies to the emotional connection of the
employee to, connection with, and participation in the organization. Employees with a high
emotional interest want to work with the company because they want to do so.
 Continuance Contribution applies to leaving and company related expenses.
 Finally, Normative Dedication represents a sense of obligation to continue work. Employees
with a high degree of normative responsibility believe they should continue with the
company.

2.4.3 Commitment of Employees

In general, employee engagement is characterized as a psychological state that binds the person to an
organization. Commitment has been defined as the relative intensity of the identification and
participation of a person in a specific organization. Three attributes of devotion were mentioned: a
confidence in and appreciation of the organization's values, a clear willingness to make an effort for
the organization, and the impulse to continue with organization. It is possible for employee
involvement to be nominal, constant or affective (Meyer & Allen, 1991). It also notes that if the staff
is not dedicated to its job, the current organizations will struggle to compete. In addition, it
emphasizes the argument that workers need to feel safe in the work station if the workers are to be
dedicated.

Pursuant to (Heibutzki, 2018), a committed worker is a person who works too hard to better personal
lives, makes personal sacrifices to ensure the success of the employer, recommends their business as a
good place to work, endorses the products and services of their employer, and trusts one of the best
around their workroom.

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 The official page of Heathrow Airport describes the safety culture and dedication of staff
preserved at Heathrow Airport as below. Restricted (Restricted, 2012)

“In ensuring airport safety, the awareness, skills and attitudes of the 76,500 individuals
employed at Heathrow are important. As the owner of Heathrow, we play a major role in
developing the safety culture of the airport. Through the successful implementation of our
health and safety policies, we show enthusiastic leadership around safety. We follow a
holistic approach to safety, including management , and the larger workforce who all have
a part to play in keeping Heathrow safe.”

2.4.4 Theory of Organisational Help

The theory of organizational help is a modern theory of social exchange, believing that workers would
display positive results in reciprocation for appreciated services such as employee wages, training and
development other related suppliers (Aselage & Eisenberger, Perceived Organizational Support and
Psychological Contracts: A Theoretical Integration, 2003). The theory further explains that workers
shape assumptions about how much they are valued and their personal well-being by the employer.
The grouping of these non-tangible supports shapes a mindset in the minds of workers known as
'Perceived Organizational Support ( POS)' (Eisenberger, Armeli, Rexwinkler, DLynch, & Rhoades,
2001). (In 2005, Michael, Evans, & Haight).

2.4.5 Social Responsibility Elements

Arthur Nagy, author of the RIT School's paper "Elements of Social Responsibility," notes that the
introduction of a safety management system is the most effective way to distribute safety resources, as
it not only enhances working conditions, but also positively affects the attitudes and behaviors of
employees in terms of safety, thereby improving the safety environment. The safety environment and
the method of control of safety is known to be fundamental the safety culture components of the
organization. In order for employers to incorporate themselves into an engineering team efficiently
and make their projects a priority, they need to clearly define the work case and possible cost savings
for the project they are supporting (Williamson, 2012)

Williamson concluded that "the employer's changing and developing position as a security manager
needs to incorporate a combination of conventional functions, resilience, and system thought." The
authors explain this changing position:

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 HSE Conventional Management With Changing Management

Industrial Sustainability Programs Emerging Position of EHS Manager (Williamson, 2012).

2.5 How can machinery efficiency guarantee occupational health and safety?

2.5.1 HSE 's Views

'Working Equipment' is narrowly specified by the HSE, the main British health and safety governing
body. It is all machinery (HSE, PUWER1998, 2015). Therefore, the Work Tools Plan is extremely
large. Work machinery's function is generally understood and ' means every operation involving work
equipments and involves beining, finishing, programming, transporting , setting, repairing, updating,
maintaining, servicing and cleaning.'

2.5.2 Quotes of Wikipedia

Wikipedia reports on the 'Employers' responsibility to include protection resources and
quality PPE, quoting Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) and Workplace Health and Safety
(WHS). (2015 Wikipedia)

The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at work regulations of 1992 must be implemented
by an engineering workshop specialized in the manufacture and welding of components.

The narrator mentions, in the same post, that

2.5.3 Importance of Equipment Repair

In order to keep equipment , machines and the work environment safe and solid, normal
maintenance may be a must. The need for help or insufficient maintenance can lead to
hazardous situations, accidents, and problems with well-being. Upkeep may be a high-risk
action, with some of the hazards resulting from the design of the job. Upkeep is performed
in all branches and all working conditions. Subsequently, support staff are more likely to be
exposed to multiple risks than other officials.

Apparatus and hardware that can discharge objects that will strike a person with sufficient
drive to inflict damage (parts, components, items or squander things). Machinery and
machinery with moving parts that can hit people, such as mechanical weapons or booms.

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Snap Button Machines In a sewing area .

2.5.4 Hazards that are non-mechanical

Apparatus and hardware-related non-mechanical hazards may include explosive outflows,

underweight liquids or gases, chemicals and chemical products, power and clamor, all of which can
cause real harm if not properly regulated. In a few situations , people exposed to these threats may not
be showing signs of harm or sickness for a long time. The emanations should be monitored at their
source when individuals are at risk of harm due to disruptive emanations from devices and hardware.
Consider how machines and machinery can impact the area (environment) around them while testing
machinery and hardware for conceivable non-mechanical risks.

Below are typical non-mechanical hazards.

Chemicals, Metals, Noisem Dust, Pressurized air, Electricity,. Heat, Heavy ,Steam.

2.5.5 NIOSH, Sri Lanka's Remarks

If the implementation of apparatus and machinery hazards can not be dispensed with or substituted for
the apparatus and equipment of the progress plan made, the risk control(s) must be related to the
hazards that predict or minimize the risk (chance) of harm or injury. Wellbeing and security laws
mandate that the highest supervision of arrangements be related as far as is sensibly possible. By
default, higher arrangement devices and hardware danger controls are preventative, persuasive and
tough for the context in which they are used, and deal directly with the risk at its source. Lower
arrangement controls of machinery and hardware chance, such as individual defensive hardware
(PPE), may prevent wounds, but are not as effective as higher arrangement controls for the most part,
as they rely more on representative actions, maintenance systems, and oversight. (2014 National
Occupational Health and Safety Institute)

Controls of Administration

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Authoritative controls use job mechanisms to diminish incentive by offering a structure of planned
behaviors. Cases are employees' turn to minimize presentation to a threat, or an archived safe job
system, such as 'lock out-tag out'. Such kinds of controls rely on comprehensive training, records,
planning and oversight. In terms of time and continuous activity, administrative controls can be the
most costly and least persuasive risk management mechanism for supervisors and managers to ensure
the required conduct occurs. (2014 National Occupational Health and Safety Institute)

2.5.6. Clarion 's Theory on Machinery Safety Labels

Large number of appliance manufacturers sell goods across the globe, and complying with
worldwide standards can be a requirement because this is always the case. The ANSI
Z535.4 and ISO 3864-2 Item Security Name Benchmarks and the European Union ( EU)
Apparatus Mandate emphasize the use of well designed images on system security names so
that data can be transmitted via dialect obstructions. The use of images also increases the
noticeability of marks. The use of photographs to convey protection is becoming prevalent
around the whole world and does not take advantage of the hazards of this unused visual
dialect, making the protection names of a product outdated and non-compliant
neighborhood, territorial and general codes of. It ought to be popular that some of the time
photos alone cannot move on complex security messages.

In these examples, material is quite sometimes used. Nowadays, the drift is to read the
material in the dialect of the nation in which the computer is sold while shipping to non-
English - speaking nations. Innovation in computerized printing renders it so. (Systems,
2015)

Reducing risk, saving lives, preventing litigation

22
Most significantly, there could be a greater risk of harm to those who work with the
machinery. For any engineer responsible for the construction of a computer, ensuring that
product safety signs and labels are up-to-the-date is a very important activity.

2.5.7 Efficiency of machines given to workers

It is clearly stated on the New Zealand Ministry of Labour 's website that it is the duty of employers
under the HSE Act to provide right, fit for use machinery for their relevant jobs. (Ministry of
Entrepreneurs, 2010)

“1992 Health and Safety in Jobs (HSE) Act is a statute intended to avoid harm to people at
work. In almost all workplaces, it refers to everyone; within public outside, or private, even
underground or underwater.

2.5.8 Maintenance of equipment in accordance with the European

standard EN
Customary help is important for keeping equipment , machinery and the work environment
clean and effective. The need for maintenance or inadequate maintenance can lead to
dangerous conditions, mishaps and problems with well-being. With a few of the risks that
come from the nature of the mission, upkeep may be a high-risk movement. In all branches
and all working conditions, assistance is carried out. In this way, repair workers are more
likely to be exposed to distinct hazards than other jobs. (2015 Standardization)

2.6 Policies and processes of the Company Adopted

Standards covering Workplace Health and Safety compliance requirements have often emphasized the
value of policies and procedures. These policies and procedures allow an organization to establish
specific guidelines for implementing and sustaining a particular structure within an organization. This
is also present in an organisation's health and safety scheme. These standards for practice guidelines
have already been issued by numerous authorities, both international and local.

2.6.1 No 45 of 1942; Factories Ordinance

In Sri Lanka, the Central Enactment on Labour Protection is encapsulated in the Statute Act
No. 45 of 1942 on Industrial Facilities and subsequent corrections. There are other sections of
Enactment in expansion to over, which includes areas to a certain degree on representative
healthcare, sanitation, protection and mischance avoidance. In addition, under the Workmen's

23
Stipend Law Act No 19 of 1934 and its subsequent amendments, the stipend payment to
disabled employees is characterized. The Protection and Health Act was first adopted in 1896
in SriLanka with the approval of the Mines and Apparatus Security Statute No.2. After 4
decades, in 1942, important enactments were implemented covering safety, well-being and
welfare in industrial facilities. The Work Office's Manufacturing Plants Division was
established in 1949 and the Law on Industrial Facilities became operational in Jan 1950.
(Yogaratnam, 2010/[Link], 2012)

2.6.2. Occupational health and safety, etc, Act.

The 1974 Act is main piece of legislation [Link]-related well-being and protection in
the UK. It sets out a part of your employer's duties for the well-being and protection of your
workplace and a formal agreement on well-being and protection that provides courses of
action to ensure your well-being and safety; you should be told what they are. (HSE, Act
1974, 2015 of the HSWA)

24
Methodology
3.1. Conceptual Frame Work

Trainings Provided to Employees

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
Factory Management Commitment Factors Affecting DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Independent Variables and Dependent Variable OHS Occupational

Health & Safety
Quality of Machines
Dependent Variables.
OHS
Policies and Procedures
Independent Variables.
Factory Management Contribution to health and safety at work.

The degree of training provided to workers / management.

Policies and Procedures The factory adopted them.

Performance of equipment provided to workers.

3.2 Hypotheses
Commitment of Management;

H 1 - Comapny Management Dedication to H&S policies has an impact on health and safety at work.

Trainings Provided:.;

H 2 – Education provided to employees and leadership has an effect on OHS.

Machines Quality;

H 3 – The standard of the equipment supplied to staff has an impact on workplace health and safety.

Policies & Processes and Procedures ;

H 4 – The organization's practices and procedures influence workplace H&S.

3.3 Population and Sample.

Sample Population Stratified Sampling Process

This research oversights the standard of the machine operator in the chosen company. Where most of
the accidents in the last year and the year before were registered. On the stratified sampling system

25
Where selections have been taken according to the following models, the breakdown of employees for
this was completed.

 Gender
 Age of Employees
 Years of Service
 Internal Job Tasks

This analysis must be carried out in a variety of factories located in Sri Lanka in order to achieve a
very detailed test outcome. A sample was taken from those factories with a lot of detailed details.
With the time frame available in this report, only one factory in Sri Lanka was selected by the
investigator. The basis of the study was then followed.

Factory workforce. - 900 machine operators

According to Morgan 's theorem, the sample size taken into account at a 95 % confidence level is 390.

3.4 The Data Collection techniques.

Data was obtained in two ways. Primary and secondary info. Questionnaires were issued to assess the
standard of training for employees and management. Indirect observations were used to track and
evaluate how workers behave on their own for further analysis of these things being exercised on the
work [Link] order to see how dedicated management is to this workplace health and safety,
questionnaires and one-on-one meetings were given.
Knowledge was viewed in both quantitative and qualitative ways to define and appreciate the
standards and procedures used throughout the [Link] studied data on industrial safety aspects
has been released by local authorities and information have been collected through deep investigations
to understand the environment controlled by the plant.

3.5 Analysis of Data & Presentation.

Pie charts have been used widely to evaluate information and current [Link] appropriate,
variations and measurements of variance were performed.
To interpret the data and show it to the audience, even more visual presentation approaches w
ould be used to make comprehension even easier and clearer.

26
Operationalization Activities

4.1. Introduction

CONCEPTS VARIABLE INDICATOR MEASUREMENT

Summary of
No Of Accidents
Accidents Five point scale for
OSH
Likert
Provided Trainings Hours Of Training

Registration of Minor / Serious

Accident Accidents
The
Near Misses Five point scale for
Numerous Near Misses
Registrations Likert
Injuries
Various Types Of
Accidents Types
Accidents
Environment health
Meeting Registers
and safety Meetings
Commitment
Five point scale for
of Attention Attention to worries
Likert
Management
Willingness for
Commitment
adoption

Brand Degree of safety

Quality of Five point scale for

Checks Random Feedback
Machine Likert
Controls of
Internal Metrics
Administration

Implementation Effectiveness

Policies & Five point scale for

Acceptability Degree of Alteration
Procedure Likert

Knowledge Level of Awareness

27
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