NSTP train organize and mobilize them for national

defense preparedness.
History and Legal bases
B. Literacy Training Service (LTS)
 Section 12 of Republic Act of No. 9163, otherwise a) designed to train the students to teach
known as the National Service Training Program literacy and numeracy skills to school
(NSTP) Act of 2001, together with (CHED), (TESDA), children, out-of-school youths, and other
(DND), (PASUC), (CoPEA), non- government segments of society in need of their
organization, and student organization, adopt and services.
promulgate the following implementing rules and
regulations to implement the provision of the Act. C. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
a) contributory to the general welfare and
A. NSTP provides national defense under the betterment of life for the members of the
Commonwealth Act no. 1 of the Philippines community or the enhancement of its facilities
B. Requires students (specially males) to finish 2
years or 4 sems of Military training to be reserved Coverage of NSTP Law
cadets 1. All incoming freshmen students, male and female,
C. Amended to give existence to Presidential starting School Year (SY) 2002-2003, enrolled in any
decree No. 1706 (National Service Law) that baccalaureate and in at least two (2) years of technical
mandates national service to all citizens and vocational or associate courses, are required to
D. Composed of Civic Welfare Services (CWS), Law complete one (1) NSTP component of their choice, as a
Enforcement Services (LES), and Military Service. graduation requirement.
E. It became the Basic Reserve Officer Training 2. All higher and technical-vocational education
Corps. (ROTC) that took effect on SY 1986-1987. institutions must offer at least one (1) of the NSTP
F. The Expanded ROTC program morphed into the Components
National Training Service Program (NSTP) after the 3. Universities and Colleges (SUCs), shall offer the
incident of Mark Nelson Chua who is reportedly a ROTC component and at the least one (1) NSTP
victim of illegal ROTC Component
G. In the 2nd Semester, the students will undergo 4. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine
actual community service involvement. Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), Philippine
H. The teaching is focused on the development of National Police Academy (PNPA), and other SUC of
the youth to become assets of the community, similar nature, in view of the special character of these
society and to the nation as a whole. Considered institutions, are exempted from the NSTP
would be nurturing the importance and role of 5. Private higher and technical education institutions
positive virtues, the attitudes, and development of with at least 350 student cadets, may offer the ROTC
service-oriented characteristics of individuals as component
well as their responsibility towards mankind and
the environment. What will the students receive after completing the
I. CWTS & LTS as a whole is geared towards the NSTP Program?
development and re-direction of positive values  Certificate of completion
and attitude among students.
Self- Awareness
What is the prime duty of the government to its
citizens?  having a clear perception of our personality
including strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs,
 Prime duty of the government to serve and protect motivation, and emotions.
its citizens, in turn, it shall be the responsibility of  allows you to understand other people, how they
all citizens to defend the security of the state, and perceive you, your attitude and your responses to
in fulfillment thereof, the government may require them in the moment.
each citizen to render personal, military, or civil
service. Nature of Self Awareness

Community Extension Office (CEO) implements the Birch (1997)- crucial processes in the early years of the
NSTP within the CCA’s mission-vision of forming socially child’s life is the development of sense of self.
responsible individuals and agents of change. Gardner (1982)- suggests that there are a number of
factors that children should know.
National Service Training Program (NSTP) – refers to a) Be aware of their own body, its appearance,
the program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness state and size (body size)
and defense preparedness in the youth, by developing b) Be able to refer themselves appropriately
the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing through language and be able to distinguish
training in any of the three (3) Program Components, description which apply to self and which do not;
specifically designed to enhance the youth’s active c) Be aware of their own needs and wishes
contribution to the general welfare;
Key Areas
A. Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC)
a) institutionalized under sections 38 and 39 Personality- understanding of our personalities can
of Republic Act No. 7077 help us find situations in which we will thrive, and help
b) designed to provide military training to us avoid situations in which we will experience too
tertiary level students in order to motivate, much stress
Values- it’s important that we know each other and  We become self-conscious as objective evaluations
focus on our personal values. of ourselves.
Habits- the behaviors that we repeat routinely and
often automatically. A. “The Johari’s Window”
Emotions- one of the five facets of emotional
intelligence, understanding your own feelings, what  One of the greatest gifts we could give to ourselves
causes them, and how they impact your thoughts and is to seek, find, and apply truth in our life.
actions is emotional self-awareness.  invented by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in
Needs- one of the advantages of knowing which needs the 1950s as a model for mapping personality
to exert the strongest influence on our own behaviors is awareness.
the ability to understand how they affect our  This is the path to becoming a healthy person.
interpersonal relationships.  helps us to categorize conscious and subconscious
areas of our life.
Self
a) The Public Self- is what you and others see in
 an aspect of human being that reflects the you.
individual’s emotional, psychological, spiritual and b) The Private or Hidden Self- is what you see in
total personality. yourself but others don’t.
 One way to understand this selfhood, is to c) The Blind Self- is what you do not see in
conceive it as a personal role that one plays in the yourself but others see in you.
general drama of life. d) The Undiscovered or Unknown Self- is the self
that you cannot see nor others around you.
Self- Management Sequence
B. Stages of Self Discovery
1. Behavior- what you do or do not do
2. Feelings- how you feel Stage 1: Self Protection
3. Attitudes- perspective from which you view life  What is “out there” defines how we experience life.
4. Belief- what you believe Our overriding concern is our own safety and
5. Programming- you believe what you are well-being. We are needy, insecure and
programming to believe self-absorbed. ” It’s all about my attitude.”

Levels of Self- Talk Stage 2: Self-awareness

 We become aware of what is going on inside
1. Negative Acceptance- negative reinforcements or ourselves, brought on by those outside triggers.
negative beliefs about yourself. We realize that other people cannot “make” us
2. Recognition and need to change- “I need to...” or ``I happy or unhappy. We are choosing. We are
ought to… I should…” deciding.
3. Decision to change- rephrase the old phrase “can’t”
with a positive. Stage 3: Self Acceptance
4. The Better You- these are the “I am”. phrases that  We accept our faults. We are true to ourselves. We
facilitate change. let the world see who we are. We live as if we have
5. Universal Affirmation- these are the “I am”. phrases nothing to hide and nothing to prove.
that facilitate change.
Stage 4: Self-empowerment
Concepts of Self- Awareness  We are willing to intentionally make changes for
the benefit of others. These changes come at our
● Man, as Image of God expense. It is an ego-shrinking experience that
● Man, as a Social Being liberates us.
● Man is Divided in himself
● The Excellence of conscience C. Importance of Self-Awareness to One’s Life
● Man’s freedom
1. Self-aware is self-assured
Why develop Self-awareness?  Self-awareness is an important skill to acquire
because it is an attitude that will help you face
 able to make changes in the thoughts and problems better and get along with people well.
interpretations you make in your mind. When we are self-aware, we have a skill set that
 first step in creating what you want and mastering can build bridges, so to speak, rather than burn
your abilities. When you focus your attention, your relationships down.
emotions, reactions, personality and behavior
determine where you go in life. 2. Self-awareness helps us to become open-minded
 allows you to see where your thoughts and  This means not judging a person or a situation
emotions are taking you. based on personal beliefs, behavior, or attitude.
Accept people without bias and always put
Self-Awareness Theory yourself in other people’s shoes (without
compromising your own values).
 when we focus our attention to ourselves, we
evaluate and compare our current behavior to our 3. Self-awareness builds empathy
internal standards and values.
 If you have a better understanding on how you  are dependent on the social norms, religious
think, feel, and react to a situation you also get to beliefs and other environmental situations of
understand why people act the way they do. people.
 Some cultural values are cruel and yet are
Values tolerated or even promoted by members of the
community (ex. Foot binding in China)
 refer to everything from eternal ideas to
behavioral actions. 3. Personal Values
 serve as criteria for determining the levels of  are worthwhile to a particular individual and differ
goodness, worth or beauty. from person to person. Thus, some people may
 The act of valuing is considered an act of making value art more than earning money and thus spend
value judgments, an expression of feeling, or the more time painting, even if it provides little income
acquisition of and adherence to a set of principles.  are largely subjective and are neither ethical nor
 may be positive or negative unethical except when they go against one of the
universal values
Formation of Values
Integration of Values
 We start forming values in our childhood, we learn
to appreciate things that fulfill our basic needs, but 1. Clarity of universal and personal values- We must
we value especially those people that provide convince that universal values are valid and truly
them to us. pursuing and also that our personal values are clear and
 Our character and personality are molded through strongly felt.
the attitudes and behavior of the people who raise 2. Contrary conditionings are neutralized
us, whether they’re our parents or other relatives a) Psycho-emotional conditioning- those
 We learn to value the substance and the form of involving habits and emotional reactions, such
everything they say and do, and what they don’t as fears, resentments etc.
say and don’t do. b) Mental conditioning- those molded by
 Teachers, leaders, and value models at school can cultural values, such as the measurement of
reinforce what was formed at home, but they success and failure and philosophy of life.
cannot replace them.
 Values are convictions; they are behaviors we Virtues: The Good Habit
gladly decide to follow and produce satisfaction.
 Those who play a leadership role in our lives are  Virtues are habits of human excellence. Moral
most powerful at conveying to us their values. virtues or excellences of character acquired
through the formation of good habits are
Clarification and Integration of Values necessary for happiness.
 Understanding virtues and the specific virtues that
1. A map of reality- an understanding of what life is all enable people to think and behave well has a real
about of nature and the cosmos. payoff: a serious chance at happiness, defined by
2. A hierarchy of values- a perception of which things Aristotle as a whole life, well lived.
are more important than others.
Under Nichomachean ethics:
Will Durant
 “seeing big things as big and small things as small” 1. Intellectual virtues include:
•Art
Clarification of Values- means that we must review •Science
which values should guide our life. •speculative wisdom
•practical wisdom (prudence)
Kinds of Values •intuitive reason (understanding)
2. Moral virtues include:
1. Universal Values •justice
 valued by all human beings due to the intrinsic •temperance
nature of these values or by virtue, our being •fortitude or courage
human beings. •prudence
 Happiness is sought by every human being because
of our biological, psychological and spiritual Prudence (practical wisdom)- a special virtue in that it
makeup. is an intellectual one, but guides human choices

● Truth Virtues are Required for the Good Life

● Happiness
● Inner peace  The moral virtues give people the character that
● Love they need to persist through difficulties (fortitude)
● Kindness to achieve worthwhile things, to say no to
● Justice themselves when it’s really tempting to be
● Respect self-indulgent (temperance) instead of doing what
● Courage and fearlessness ought to be done, and to treat others properly
(justice)
2. Cultural Values  Moral virtue is necessary for happiness because
otherwise people sabotage their own well- being
 by making lots of bad choices and acting badly. But RESPECT FOR LIFE - Recognize the absolute value of
moral virtue is not sufficient for happiness as human life and human dignity of every person. Do not
Aristotle saw it. inflict harm on others.
TRUTH - Stand up for the truth and avoid intrigue and
Seven Core Related Values mudslinging.
JUSTICE - Give everyone their due. Do not oppress or
1. Physical take advantage of anyone.
2. Intellectual FREEDOM – Assert your right to be able to do the right
3. Moral things.
4. Spiritual LOVE - Look after the good and welfare of one another.
5. Social EQUALITY - Treat one another as brothers and sisters
6. Economic being children of one God and one nation.
7. Political PEACE - Live and work together in harmony. Avoid
violence as a way of settling disputes.
Dominant Filipino Social and Cultural Values PROMOTION OF THE COMMON GOOD - Put the
welfare of the greater number of people over one’s
1. Self Acceptance own. Do not be greedy and selfish.
 the accommodation of a group which they extend CONCERN FOR FAMILY AND FUTURE GENERATIONS -
to a person so that the latter may feel that he Look after the welfare of your family and future
belongs to the former. This is manifested by other generations.
values such as: smooth interpersonal relations CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT - Keep your
which includes, pakikisama, euphemism, tulay, and surroundings clean and conserve our natural resources.
amor propio which refers to the value that ORDER - Respect the human rights of one another and
protects an individual from shame and allows him comply with your duties and responsibilities.
to be accepted.
The challenge to every Filipino is to be a good citizen
2. Emotional Closeness and Security in a Family and build a peaceful and progressive nation.
 a value that expresses the importance of family in -EDSA PEOPLE POWER COMMISION GOOD CITIZENSHIP
the life of the individual. The family is a decisive MOVEMENT
factor in the decision making and behavior of the
individual. It is considered among his priorities, if Good Filipino Citizen
not his top priority in life.
 love of country that is expressed by the love for
3. Authority Value the mother tongue - our native language, Filipino.
 is the acknowledgement of and respect to an  patronizing Filipino cultural arts, products, and
authority in the family or group or society. The inventions, promoting and conserving the natural
authority figure is the point of unity and reference resources of the country.
for decisions, particularly in activities that affect  serving the Philippines no matter how inadequate
the whole family. The blessing or permission given the returns are.
by the said figure can be considered as a  Good governance is not enough. People should
confirmation of the rightness of the decisions work on being good citizens. They should translate
made. the good citizenship values derived from the
Preamble of the Constitution into concrete action
4. Personalism in order to build the nation
 a value that guarantees intimacy, special attention,
and good acts which are extended to people who The Good Citizenship Value Cluster
are referred to or recommended by people close
to him. A. Pagkamaka-Diyos
1. Faith in the Almighty
5. Utang na Loob 2. Respect for Life
 a value that obliges one to thank a person for the 3. Order
goodness received or return a favor that is 4. Work
extended by somebody else. It gives account to our 5. Concern for the family and future generation
sense of gratitude. B. Pagkamaka-Tao
1. Love
6. Patience, Suffering and Endurance 2. Freedom
 are values that enable one to be strong in life, 3. Peace
especially in times of troubles, pains, difficulties 4. Truth
and problems. 5. Justice
C. Pagkamaka-Bayan
Dimensions of Development 1. Unity
2. Equality
FAITH IN GOD - Be God-fearing and live according to His 3. Respect for law and government
will. 4. Patriotism
UNITY - Work together and share with one another. 5. Promotion of the common good
PATRIOTISM - Place the good of the country above D. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
one’s own. 1. Concern for the environment
WORK - Be diligent and earn an honest living. Do not 2. Environmental Sanitation
engage in crime and corruption.
Nationalism- our national identity, an attachment of According to Microsoft Encarta 2006:
superiority to one’s country, an aspiration for its
continuity, prosperity, and maintaining a high regard 1. As a Guide - where the leader assumes the role as
and respect for the laws, principles and policies of that the director, organizer, mentor, guru, and adviser.
country. 2. As a Frontrunner – where the leader can be a
spearhead, leading light, trailblazer, and
Patriotism- love of and/or devotion to one’s country, groundbreaker.
from the Greek patris means fatherland 3. As a Head – where he or she can be called chief,
manager, superior, principal, boss, and supervisor.
Unsung Heroes- also called “Forgotten People”,
contributed the development of Filipino nationalism Servant Leadership- Different views on this emanated
and the transformation of the Philippines society from pious doctrines where Jesus Christ depicted as the
best model of servant leader.
Philippine Flag
Authoritarian Leadership – leads men by means of the
 primary symbol of the nation’s camaraderie, rank position. A self-centered type of leadership where
solidarity and unity the leader believes he or she is the only one capable of
 Conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo directing the subordinates.
 divided into two fundamental colors, royal blue
and scarlet red, with a white equilateral triangle Paternalistic Leadership – leads men by always setting
based at the hoist side an example. This type of a leader manifests an example
 Blue- peace, truth, and justice of a father, who seems to be always after the welfare of
 Red- bravery his children.
 White- equality and fraternity
 Eight rays of sun- first provinces that sought Participative Leadership – makes the men participate
independence from Spain such as Batangas, actively in the activity or task in the organization but
Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Manila, Nueva Ecija, reserves the right to make final decisions on critical
Pampanga, and Tarlac matters.
 Three Stars- Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao
(LUZVIMINDA) Laissez-Faire Leadership – leaves decisions making to
the subordinates. The leader will give an assignment,
National Symbol and then it is up to the subordinates to accomplish the
task in whatever manner they can.
Philippine Mango- national fruit
Narra- national tree Transformational Leadership- motivate people with a
Philippine Eagle- national bird shared vision of the future, and they communicate well.
Carabao- national animal ***best leadership style to use***
Sampaguita- national flower
Adobo- national dish Bureaucratic Leadership- leaders follow rules rigorously,
and ensure that their people follow procedures
Voter’s Education precisely.

 It is held every 2nd Monday of May, every six years Charismatic Leadership- rely on charisma often focus
for national and local elections and every last on themselves and their own ambitions, and they may
Monday of October, every 3 years for barangay now want to change anything.
and SK officials
 The term of office of President, Vice-President and Transactional Leadership- team members agree to
Senators is 6 years while for governors, board obey their leader when they accept a job.
members, congressman, mayor and councilors is 3
years. The ARMM election is held every 3 years The Seven Leadership Qualities of Great Leaders
beginning from March 1993.
 A voter must be a Filipino citizen, eighteen (18) 1. Vision- they can see into the future.
years old, a resident of the Philippines for one 2. Courage- willing to take risks in the achievement of
year and in the city or municipality wherein he your goals with no assurance of success.
proposes to vote for at least six months 3. Integrity- all agree on the importance of complete
immediately preceding the election unless honesty in everything they do, both internally and
otherwise disqualified by law. externally.
4. Humility- strong and decisive but also humble
Good Governance- the exercise of power or authority - 5. Strategic planning- ability to look ahead, to
political, economic, administrative, or otherwise – to anticipate with some accuracy where the industry and
manage a country’s resources and affairs. the markets are going.
6. Focus- focus on results, on what must be achieved
Leader by themselves, by others, and by the company.
 are not born, but they are developed 7. Cooperation- ability to get everyone working and
 defined as a process of giving control guidance, pulling together
headship, direction, and governance. It is
synonymous with the basic principles of Lewin’s Leadership Styles
management.
1. Autocratic Leaders- make decisions without
consulting their team members, even if their input
would be useful.
2. Democratic Leaders- make the final decisions, but
they include team members in the decision-making
process.
3. Laissez-faire Leaders- give their team members a lot
of freedom in how they do their work, and how they set
their deadlines.

The Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid- focus on

organizing, supporting, and developing your team
members. This participatory style encourages good
teamwork and creative collaboration.

Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory

- argues that you need to use different leadership styles
depending on the maturity of your team members.

Path-Goal Theory- can identify the best leadership

approach to use, based on your people’s needs, the
task that they’re doing, and the environment that
they’re working in.

Flamholtz and Randale’s Leadership Style Matrix

- based on how capable people are of working
autonomously, and how creative or “programmable”
the task is.