Scribd
Upload
17 views27 pages

Class XII Math Activities

Math Activities 2023

Uploaded by

TANISHK YADAV
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
17 views27 pages

Class XII Math Activities

Math Activities 2023

Uploaded by

TANISHK YADAV
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
) a Equivalence Relation | Tb verify that the relation Ron the sot lof all lines in a plano defined by R= {( m): 1 and m are cithor parallel or coincidont) is an equivalence relation. | Consider nine lines in the plane. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED (@ Any subset of A x A is called a relation on the sot A, where A is a non-empty set. (di) A relation R on a non-empty set A is called a reflexive relation if (a, a) € R for all a € R. ii) A relation R on a non-emply set A is called a symmetric relation if (a, b) € R then (b, a) ¢ R. (iv) A relation R on a non-omply set A is called a transitive relation if (a, 6), (b, ¢) € R then (@,deR (v) A relation R on a non-empty sot A is called an equivalence relation if itis reflexive, symmetric and transitive. op MATERIALS REQUIRED + Colouréd paper + Poncils of different colours = Geometric box + Pair of scissors + Adhesive PROCEDURE (i) ‘Take a coloured paper of size 12 cm x 15 cm approx. (ii) We are to consider 9 lines. (iif) Draw 9 lines on the paper so that some of them are parallel, some are i are neither parallel nor perpendicular, (Fig. 1) Latpioe radiates 1 with the notebook. (iv) Attach OBSERVATIONS Cony 4 Pb) (i Set L has lines J, to J, (i 1, and J, are parallel lines. (iif) 1, 1, and J, are parallel lines. (iv) 1, is perpendicular to J, 1, and Jy. (%) J, is perpendicular to /,, 1, and J,, (vi) A line is always coincident with itself. (I) € R fori = 4, 2, 9. (vif) If a line / is parallel to line m then m is parallel to 1. (vit) 2 R= Alyy TDs Cay ads gy Ass Ca ads sy tg)» or ads Ce Uys gy Ae)» Co» Ho)» Cae tod» Cay Ly)» Uys a> Clay Pads Cg Hyde gy bg gs Ay), gy 1)? (é9 Since (I, |) € R for i = 1, 2, 9, the relation R is reflexive. () We have (ly, 1), (yy 1) © Ry (Uys Labs Cy As) © Rs (yy Hg gy 1g) © Re Ags gy LQ) © Re The relation R is symmetric. (x) We have Uy 1) Wy tJ€R and (ly i) e R (yl), Ug) R and (ly JER Used) Uy 4) R and (ly 1) eR. In general, if (1p J), (Jp) R then (I, J ER. The relation R is transitive. RESULT Since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive, it is an equivalence relation. ——— SIMILAR ACTIVITY ee By considering seven lines in a plane L, show that the relation R = {I, m); ] and m are either parallel or coincident) 4s an equivalence relation. rr) ine but not ont PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED (9 Lot A and B be non-empty sets. A correspondence between the elements of A and B is called a function from A to B if to cach clement of A, there corresponds a unique element of B. Gi) A function f: A + B is called a one-one function if the images of distinct elements of A are also distinct clements of B, (i)_A function of f: A + B is called an onto function if every element of B is the image of at least one element of A. MATERIALS REQUIRED ‘oloured paper « Pencils of different colours Geometry box «+ Pair of scissors + Adhesive PROCEDURE ( Take a coloured paper of size 8 cm Xx 14 cm approx. ‘2 (ii) Draw two rectangles on this paper. a (iii) Colour these rectangles with different colour pencils. (Fig. 1) (iv) Draw 4 dots in the rectangle on the left side. (Fig. 1) {v) Draw § dots in tho rectangle on the right side. (Fig. 1) (vi) Mark the dots in the left rectangle as 1, 2, 3 and 4. (Fig. 1) (vif) Mark the dots in the tight rectangle as a, b,c, d and e. (Fig. 3) (viit) Let A= (1, 2,3, 4) and B= fa, b, 6, d, 0). (ix) Join elements of A to the elements of B as shown in Fig. 1. (@) Attach Fig. 1 with the notebook. sibk Sepeereee OBSERVATIONS eS (9 In Fig. 1, to each element of A, there corresponds a unique element of B. Thus, this correspondence is a function. (ii) Lot Ff represent this function, (ii) «fA Bisa function and fl1) = a, f(2) = c, f(3) = b and fla) =e. (iv) Under ‘f, the images of distinct elements of A are also distinct elements of B. f: A Bisa one-one function. (v) d€ Band is not the image of any element of A. :. f: A> Bis not an onto function. RESULT 7: A= Bis a function which is one-one but not onto. SIMILAR ACTIVITY Demonstrate the function f(x) = 3x + 7 from A = {1, 3, 4} to B = {10, 16, 19, 27} and verify that it is one-one but not onto. haha 5 PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED -3 =a57 and bk = ies oe. 7p +105 and 3)- 2 7 Taar: =) : Sf s\ tt F =-079 ant so(-3) = Brn Ze inf * oot os Seam ato 3-2 as sin 0 =0 z oma ‘ = = 052 and sinZ => = 05 im z 3 =079 and sin? z F = 1.05 and & =1.57 and 2 MATERIALS REQUIRED + Graph paper + Pencils of different colours + Geometry box «+ Pair of scissors « Adhesive ——————— PROCEDURE (9 Take a rectangular piece of graph paper and draw the X-axis and Y-axis, (af) Draw the table of values of sin x for -n/a < x < n/2, Ss) |" -2 * aaa a ee E 4 6 6 4 a (= 4.57)| (= ~1.05) | (= -0.79) | (= -0.52) | 0 | (= 0.52)| (= 0.79)| (= 1.05)|( 1.57) a et el 1 1 A a 2 4 2) vie || zee (= -0.87) | (= -0.71) | (= -0.5) (= 0.5) | (= 0.71)| (= 0.87) (ii) Along the axes, take 1 unit equal to 40 small divisions. (ir) Using the scales on the axes, plot the points A(-1.57, -1), B(-1.05, -0.87), C{-0.79, -0.71), D(-0.52, -0.5), O(0, 0), E(0.52, 0.5), F(0.79, 0.71), G(1.05, 0.87) and H(1.57, 1). (+) Draw a free hand curve passing through A, B, C, D, O, E, FG and H. i t Fig. 1. Graphs of y= sin x and y= sin x a Tien eee i x (vi) This is the graph of the function y = sin x, ~7 Oa#1 OBJECTIVE To sketch the graphs of a and log, x, | each other. | Consider a equal to 2. > 0, a #1 and to examine that they are mirror image of PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED () Ha >and +1 then the function /{x) (@ Ma > Oanda +1 and a = N, where N € (0, «), then x is called the logarithm of N to the base ¢ and written as log, N = x and read log of N to the base a is equal to x. Gi) Wa > 0 anda = 1 then the function f(x) = log, x, x € (0, ) is called a logarithmic function. @*, x € R is called an exponential function. MATERIALS REQUIRED + Graph paper + Pencils of different colours + Geometry box + Pair of scissors « Adhesive PROCEDURE () We are given a = 2, (@) We shall draw the graphs of the exponential function 2*, x € R and the logarithmic function log, x, x € (0, «). (iii) Take a rectangular piece of graph paper and draw the Xaxis and Y-axis. (iv) On both axes take scale: 1 unit = 5 small div (%) To draw the graph of y = 2%, x € R, we find some points on its graph. ns, a a 2 a 0 1 2 S 4 2 2 at a 2. at 24 a8 (= 1/16)| (= 1/8) | (= 1/4) wy} GD | 2 | (4) (= 16) (vi) The graph of y = 24, x € R passes through the points (4, 1/16), (-3, 1/8), (-2, 1/4), (-1, 1/2), (0, 1), (1, 2), (3, 8) and (4, 16). ‘ 2y, We find x for Ty oot (vii) To draw the graph of y y = log, x implies x = x, x € (0, ©) passes through the points (1/16, 4), (1/8, -3), (1/4, 4, 2), (B, 3) and (16, 4). 5 small divisions on both axes (Fig. 1)- /4), (1, 1/2), (0, 1), (1s 2), 2, 4), (3, 8) and (4,15 (viii) The graph of y = log, (2/2, 1), Oy 0), (2, 1) ( (ix) On the graph paper, take scale: 1 unil = {«) Plot the points (-4, 1/16), (-3. 1/8), (“2 ™ the graph paper. the graph of the function y = (xi) Join these points by free hand to get 6, A), (1/8, -3), (1/4, ~2)> (12, ~A, (1, OD (2 1) 4, 2), (8, 3) and (16, 4 a,x R. (sii) Plot the points (1/1 the graph paper. (aii) Join these points by free hand to get the graph of the function y = log, x, x € (0, ~)- ionig X-ax “along Y-avis: unit Fig. 1. Graphs of y= 2%, x Rand y= log, x x (0, ). (xiv) On the graph paper, join the points (~4, ~4] an : : a id }, (0, 0) is i tee hie cise wise er uy ae 12). This is the line y = x. (xvi) From points A, B, draw eras : (xvi) points A, B, C, D, E and F'draw perpendiculars to the line y = x meeting the graph! C, DE’ and FY respectively and at the graph of log, x at the points A’. BY" (wii) Join A’A”, BIB’, CC’, DID’, R'E” and FF (awviil) Attach Fig. 1 with the notebook. Pee OBSERVATIONS osser {9 Measuro distances AA’, AA”, DY, Bh, CC’, CC", Nb’, DD", ER’, EE, FF’ and FF. (i) AW = AA’, BD’ = BBY, CC’ = CC, DD’ © pp”, ii) This shows that tho graphs of y = 25, other. = EE? and FF’ = FP", X© Rand y = log, x, x € (0, &) are mirror image of each ys o\xe Rand y= log, x, X 6 (0, ),.where a = 2 are mirror image of each other. pe eset eee ‘SIMILAR ACTIVITIES SIMILAR ACTIVITIES 1. To sketch the graphs of y = 3% x © Rand y = log, x, x € (0, ~) and to examine that they are mirror image of each other, 2. To sketch the graphs of y = (0.5)*, x € Rand y = log,, x, x € (0, «), and to examine that they ‘are mirror image of each other, - o Limit and Continuity — OBJECTIVE To find analytically the limit of a function f(x) at x = ¢ and also to check the continuity of the function at that point. Consider the function: x= tin x= x fix) = x2 and 6, x=2 check its continuity at x = 2. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED A function fix) is said to be continuous at a point a in its domain if lim lx) = fla). MATERIALS REQUIRED + Graph paper + Pencils of different colours + Geometry box « Pair of scissors + Adhesive PROCEDURE 2 m4 xen (@ Given function is f(x) = 4 x-2 . 6 x=2 (i) We are to check the continuity of f(x) at x , if lim, fx) = fl2). 2. (iii) fix) has continuity at x = (iv) Asx approaches 2, the variable x takes values which are less than or greater than 2 and are very close to 2. xt-4_(e- D4 gg, x-2 x-2 (v) When x # 2, fix) = STHEMATICS ACTIVITIES mt CLASS-. (vi) The following table shows the values of fx) as x > 2 and x < 2. 19 1.92 1.995 | 1.9993 | 1.99998 39. 3,92 aos | a.9993 | 3.99998 Thus, as x > 2 from left, the function fx) approaches 4. (2) The following table shows the values of fix) as x —> 2 and x > ar 24 2.03 2.003 | 2.0009 10007, aa 4.03 4.005 | 4.0009 | 4.00007 | .. ‘Thus, as x 2 from right, the function f(x) approaches 4. (vii) Take a rectangular piece of graph paper. (viii) Draw the graph of flx) on the graph paper as shown in Fig. 1. Graph of f(x) (ix) Attach Fig. 1 with the notebook. OBSERVATIONS (i) From the above tables, we have Jim fis) = 4 and tim, ft) = 4, xr (i) = lim_ftx) = lim, fy) sat xo lim fx) exists and is equal to 4. (iif) Also, f2) = 6 (vy) + lim Se) # fl2) 2 fig) is not continuous at x = 2. (v) In Fig. 1, the curve of flx) is having a break at x = yn function fx) = xAD For the giver we have lim f{x) = 4. Also, the function f{x) is not xed mn continuous at ees ‘SIMILAR ACTIVITIES 1, To find analytically the limit of the function [Ans, Continuous} 6 x=3 at x = 3 and also check the continuity of the function f(x) at x = 3. 2, To find analytically the limit of the function xn : fx) = x41 2 ifx ifx#-1 1 at x = -1 and also check the continuity of the function fix) at x = —1. [Ans. Discontinuous] ACTIVITY JEC To understand the concepts of strictly increasing and strictly decreasing functions. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED re NEUUIRED 1. Let (a, be an open interval contained in the domain of a real valued function f. Then f is said to be: ( strictly increasing on (a, b) if x, < x, in (a, b) => flx,) < fix). li) strictly decreasing on (a, b) if x, < x, in (a,b) = flx,) > ftx,). © if fis a strictly increasing function on (a, b) then f(x) > 0 on (a, b). (i) IE fis a strictly decreasing function on (a, b) then f’(x) < 0 on (a, b). u. MATERIALS REQUIRED + Coloured paper * Geometry box * Adhesive + Pencils of different colours * Pair of scissors PROCEDURE Take a rectangular piece of coloured paper and draw the X-axis and Y-axis. Ui) Draw a strictly increasing function on the paper. Let this function be denoted by y = fix). (i) Take 4 points P,, P,, Py and P, on the curve of y = fla) (Fig. 1) (i) Draw lines A,P,, A,P,, A,P, and A,P, through P,, Pp, P, and P, respectively and touching i.e., tangent to the curve of y = f(x). (Fig, 1) () Let the tangents at P,, P,, Py and P, make angles a,, 0, @, and o, direction of the X-axis. (Fig. 1) (7) Measure angles a, o,, a, and ay. Tespectively with the positive (ELS atvenarics ncrivivies w exass-x Fig. 1 (vii) Attach Fig. 1 with the notebook. (viii) Take another rectangular piece of coloured paper and draw the X-axis and Y-axis. (i) Draw a strictly decreasing function on the paper. Let this function be denoted by y = g(x). (x) Take 4 points Q,, Q,, Q, and Q, on the curve of y = g(x). (Fig. 2) (xi) Draw lines B,Q,, BQ), B,Q, and B,Q, through Q,, Q,, Q, and Q, respectively and touching ie, tangent to the curve of y = g(x). (Fig. 2) (xf) Let the tangents at Q,, Q,, Q, and Q, make angles B,, B,, B, and B, respectively with the positiv: direction of the X-axis. (Fig. 2) (xii) Measure angles B,, B,, 6, and B,. Fig. 2 (xiv) Attach Fig. 2 with the notebook. OBSERVATIONS (i) In Fig. 1, we have a, = 25°, a, = 38°, a, = 49° and a, = 70°. (ii) G,, dy, a, and ot, are all acute angles. tan a, > 0, tan @, > 0, tan a, > 0, and tan a, > 0. STRICTLY, REASING AND STRICTLY DECREASING FUNCTIONS ‘ea (ii) f’@) > Oat Py, Py, Py and Py, (iv) + For strictly increasing function y = lx), we have f(x) > 0. (v) In Fig, 2, we have B, = 149°, fy = 197°, 8, = 125° and B, = 111°. (vi) By By» By and B, are all obtuse angles. tan B, < 0, tan B, <0, tan By <0, and tan p, < 0. (i) 8) < 0 at QQ, Q and Q, (ii) = For strictly decreasing function y = g(x), we have g’(x) < 0. = RESULT cece Siti ( Iy = fis) is a strictly increasing function then f(x) > 0. (i) Ify = fix) is a strictly decreasing function then f ’(x) < 0. esses SIMILAR ACTIVITIES SIMILAR ACTIVITIES 1, Draw the curve of the function y = x?, x > 0 and verify that this is a strictly increasing function. 2. Draw the curve of the function y = cos x, x € (0, 7/2) and verify that this is a strictly decreasing function. a aocieianieetiaeas | |W construct an open box of maximum volume from a given rectangular sheet by cutting equal i squares from each corer. | | Consider a rectangular sheet of size 20 cm x 10 cm. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED 1. The function f (x) has maximum value at x = a if f(a) = 0 and f"(a) < 0. 2. The function f (x) has minimum value at x = a if f(a) = 0 and f"(a) > 0. MATERIALS REQUIRED + Chart paper * Pencils of different colours A + Geometry box © Pair of scissors « Adhesive PROCEDURE (0) We are to consider a rectangular sheet of size 20 cm x 10 cm. (4) On a chart paper, draw a rectangle of size 20 cm x 10 cm, and name it as ABCD. (Fig. 1) i) Mark small equal ‘squares on each corner of the rectangle ABCD. (Fig. 1) le) Let the side of each small square be x cm, > 10 em Bal wy) (wi) (vii) (viii) & & &) |ATHEMATICS ACTIVITIES ® CLASS-XIl Cut and remove four squares of sides x cm at corners A, B, C and D. Fold the chart paper along the dotted lines. ‘This makes an open box. The sides of the open box are (20 - 2x) cm, (10 ~ 2x) cm and x cm. Let V cu. cm be the Volum, of the open box. Vv 0 (20 ~ 2x) (10 = 2x)x Ix(10 = x) (5 = x) x(50 — 15x + x2) = 4(x? — 15x? + 50x) We have V = a(x" = 15x? + 50x). We are to find the value of x for which the volume V of the box is maximum. dv Sig 7 Mloxt ~ 80x + 50) 2 and EY = a(6x~ 30) = 2400 ~ 5) Boo = 4(8x? - 30x + 50) = = 3x? 30x + 50 =0 => x= 211 or 7.89 X = 7.89 is not possible. &v [ de besa 24(2.11 - 5) — 69.36 < 0 V is maximum when x = 2.11. The volume V of the open box is maximum when small squares of side 2.11 cm are removed frat each corner. Attach Fig. 1 with the notebook. Now we shall verify this by taking different values of x. Table 1 25 1.8 'V = 4(1.8) (10 - 1.8) (5 ~ 1.8) = 188.93 2. 19 'V = 4(1.9) (10 - 1.9) (5 - 1.9) = 190.84 3. 2 V = 4(2) (10 - 2) (5 - 2) = 192 4. 244 V = 4(2.11) (10 - 2.11) (5 - 2.11) = 192.45 5. 22 'V = 4(2.2) (10 - 2.2) ( - 2.2) = 192.19 6 2.3 V = 4(2.8) (10 ~ 2.3) (5 - 2.8) = 191.27 2. 24 V = 4(2.4) (10 - 2.4) (5 - 2.4) = 189.70 st a APPLICATION GF Avia AO wii ES ——7 ONS OBSERVATIONS ea () Table 1 shows the values of V for values of x which are less than 2.11 and more than 2.11. if) We observe that the value of V (=192,45} @ ee ar i less thai 182,48) ) is maximum for x = 2.11 and for other values of x, the —= RESULT —— yor the given sheet of size 20 cm x 10 cm, the open b i is removing squares of sides 2.11 cm from each comer, gece eae iat ———_—_ SIMILAR ACTIVITY SIMILAR ACTIVITY Tp construct an open box of maximum volume from a rectangular sheet of size 45 cm x 24 om by removing equal squares from each corner. (Ans. Side of each corner square = 5 cm.) Cross Product of Vectors ~ | opsective | ___ Be verify geometrically that ice (ates) Sax aeons FI PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED 1. Let a and B be two non-zero and non-parallel vectors. The cross product aXb of vectors @ and B is the vector ||| b|sin 0 fi where @ is the angle between @ and b and ft is a unit vector so that a,b and A form a right handed system. 2, Area of parallelogram with adjacent sides @ and B is equal to |axB]. (Rig. 1) 2 3. Cross product is distributive over addition i.e,. y, : cx(a+b) = exatexb, : a MATERIALS REQUIRED te SERIALS REQUIRED * Chart paper * Pencils of different colours | + Geometry box « Pair of scissors * Tracing paper + Adhesive PROCEDURE SRE ( We are to be verify that ¢x(a+b) = oxa+exb (4) Take a rectangular piece of chart paper. (i) On the chart paper, draw threo vectors ¢,B and ¢ a8 shown in Fig 2. ) By parallelogram law of addition of vectors, we have a+b=6b. g (v) Complete parallelograms OCDA, ADEB and OCEB. (Fig. 2). (vi) Using a colouring pencil, colour parallelogram OCEB. (Fig. 2). (vil) Make a replica of Fig. 2. using a tracing paper as shown in Fig. 3. (viif) Using colouring pencils, colour parallelograms OCDA and ADEB. (Fig. 3). (ix) Make a replica of AAOB in Fig. 3 using a tracing paper and paste it on A DOE in Fig. 3. as shown in Fig. 4. (x) In Fig. 4, shade AAOB as shown in the figure. Fig. 3 Fig. 4 (xi) Attach Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, with the notebook. OBSERVATIONS () In Fig, 2, area of parallelogram OCEB is equal to |e x(a +B) |. ii) In Fig. 3, area of parallelogram OCDA is equal to |¢ xa] and the area of parallelogram ADEB is equal to |e xb. (iii) From Fig. 4, we observe that the coloured area in Fig, 3 is exactly equal to that of coloured ares in Fig. 2. (iv) = Area OCDA + Area ADEB = Area OCEB lexal+|exb| =lex(a+b)] () + Jex(a+b)|=|exal+}oxb] (vi) The directions of vectors ¢x(a+b), cxa amd cxB are same. (vii) «. ex(a+b) = exatexd. RESULT ‘The distributive law ¢x(a+b)=¢xa+cxb is verified geometrically, ACTIVITY 22 PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED 1, Two lines in space are called skew lines if these are neither parallel nor intersecting. 2. The shortest'distance (S.D.) between skew lines =a +Ab and |G- 2.x] ne T=C+nB is equal to HO“ O)-(Ox A) Bxa| MATERIALS REQUIRED © Chart paper E + Pencils of different colours + Geometry box + Pair of scissors + Drawing board + Straight steel wires + Nails of different lengths Adhesive PROCEDURE (i Take a rectangular piece of chart paper and fix it on a drawing board. (i) Draw two mutually perpendicular lines XOX’ and YOY’ on the chart paper. i) Establish number scale on each axis beginning from O. Take one unit equal to 1 cm. (iv) The ZO2’ axis is taken perpendicular to the plane of the chart and passing through 0. Also, establish a number scale on the Z-axis. Take one unit equal to 1 cm. Fix a straight steel wire along ZOZ’. (v) Given points are (2, 2, 0), (7, 6, 0), (1, 6, 2) and (6, 2, 4). (vi) We call these points as A, B, C and D respectively. er are to find the S.D. between skew lines AB and CD. (vii) We (viii. Draw points AQ, 2, 0), BI7, 6, 0), C(1, 6, 2) and D(6, 2, 4) in XYZ. space as shown in Fig. 2. ‘Along each axis: 4 unit= [Link] Stoo! wire (6, 2,4) Nail4om (7,6, 0) Fig. 2 (i) Fix straight steel wires along the skew lines AB and CD. Note that in Fig. 2, the lines AB and CD are appearing to be intersecting, but in space these lines are neither parallel nor intersecting. () Take a scale and place it in between lines AB and CD so that the scale is perpendicular to both lines AB and CD. Let this line be PQ. (i) Measure this distance, PQ, on the scale. This gives the S.D. between the skew lines AB and CD. This distance is 3 cm. (ii) Attach Fig. 2 with the notebook. (xii) Now we shall find the S.D. between the skew lines AB and CD analytically. (iv) Line AB passes through A(2, 2, 0) and B(7, 6, 0). Equations of AB are: xr? -2 or x-2 5 or sn? YoRay xe2+Sijyartay2e0 Toa xityjoek = (24 saya (a4 aay) + ok = 2f4ap 4a 4)) ; fe daead, whore a = 242) and b = 5144). (av) Line CD passes through C(1, 6, 2) and DG, 2, 4) Equations of CD are: or or (xvi) We have (vii) H say y=6-4p,2=2+ Toa xisyj+2k = (1+5wit(6-4uj+ (+k T = 146) +2k+wsi-4j +2k) fa Cand, where ¢ = i+6j+2k and d = si-aj+2k. ] We=a).Bxd)| |bxd] ee bxd=/5 40 5-42 8 - 0) - j(10 - 0) + R(- 20 - 20) = 81-10) -40k [bx] = for +107 +(- 407 = f64+100+1600 = Vi764 = 42 Cea = (i+6)+2k)-(21+2)) =-i+aj+ak (-a).(xd) = (744) +28), (81-10) - 408) = (-1) (8) + (4) (-10) + 2(-40) =~ 8 - 40 - 80 = -128 IN SKEW LIN = 20 128 = 3.040 om, jeree eee OBSERVATIONS ( By actual measurement, the S.D. between given li (i) By using analytical formate tee ee Be lines is 3 em, RESULT ‘The measured S.D. ee PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED EEE REQUIRED Conditional probability: Let A and B be two events associated with a random experiment with sample space S. The probability of event A given that event B has already occurred is called the conditional probability of the event A given that B has occurred and is denoted by P(A/B). We have Pra) = AASB) Pia)’ Provided P(B) + 0. MATERIALS REQUIRED + Chart paper + Pencils of different colours + Geometry box + Pair of scissors « Adhesive PROCEDURE 2 (@ We are to consider the random experiment of throwing a pair of dice. (i) Here S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), «.., (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}. (iii) We are given A : event of getting sum 10 and B : event of getting a doublet, a A = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4)} and B= (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} Here AB = {(5, 5)}. ctangle on the @ HC on the chart paper in 36 equal parte as shown in Fig. 2. G2) | (1,3) a4 | a, a) ce) &9 Tag | es Gy |e» (a4) |, 5) @v | ae | a, 3) (45) 61) | 62 | os, 3) | 6,4) 6) | 2 | @, ») GAA 6,5) Fig. 2 (vi) Shade the elements of A. (Fig, 2), (vif) Colour the elements of B by using dark colour. (Fig. 2) (viii) The element (5, 5) is both in A and B ie, coloured box. (Fig, 2) (@) Attach Fig. 2 with the notebook, » in Ao B. This is shown by shaded lines in the dark OBSERVATIONS — P(ANB) {8 We have Pia) = “So (i p(B = [Link] _ 6 1 ©) = “Total no. of elements inS.~ 3676 (ii) P(A. 9 B) = Total no. of elements in AMB a Total [Link] 36 slo ain 1 (i) 2. Pea) = ae = i 6 RESULT When two dice are thrown, then the probability of getting sum 10 with the condition the doublet has obtained jg 2, 6 a SIMILAR ACTiviTy SMILAR ACTIVITY When two dice are thrown, then the probability of getting 4 on both dice given that 4 has occurred on 1 atleast one of the dice [ane il

You might also like