THE IMPACT OF COOKERY FACILITIES TO THE GRADE 10 COOKERY

STUDENTS OF SIGABOY AGRICULTURAL VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Study Presented to

SIGABOY AGRICULTURAL VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Poblacion, Sigaboy, Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

In Partial Fulfillment of

The Requirement in the Subject “Practical Research 2”

Submitted by:

ABSIN, Daniella Jean ATON, Mika Mae

BABA, Precious Jane BALDAGO, Irene Mae

BALISANZO, Jean BLAS, Jubairah

BOHOL, Daisy Mae BURLAOS, Sarah Mae

CUEVA, Jenno FERNANDEZ, Kristine Joune

HUERTE, Jelah LUCHAVEZ, Jannah Pearl

VILLADORES, Rea Mae OLEA, Rhea

SIABOC, Gerry Ann SANTARIN, Arielle

Submitted to:

Jennifer S. Tranilla, LPT

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION
 Background of the Study ……………………………………………. 1
 Statement of the Problem …………………………………………… 3
 Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………4
 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………. 5
 Scope and Delimitation ……………………………………………… 6
 Definition of Terms …………………………………………………… 7
 Review of Related Literature and Studies …………………………. 8
II. METHODOLOGY
 Research Design ……….………………………………………..…. 13
 Research Respondents ………………………………………..…… 14
 Research Instrument …..………………………………..……………14
 Data Gathering Procedures ……………………………………..…. 15
 Research Ethics ……….…………………………………………...… 15
 Data Analysis …....……………………………………………...…… 16
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Cookery is a subject offered in a vocational school under the

Technical and Livelihood Education (TLE) and Technical Vocational
Livelihood (TVL) that adheres to the TESDA rules, ensuring every student is
workplace-ready. This will help them acquire technical skills and guarantee
them employment. Learning Tools and Equipment – Technical Vocational
Education (LTE-TVE) is the provision of learning resources specifically for
Technical and Vocational Education to DepEd-managed schools that
enhances and produces technically competent learners through acquiring
quality and hands-on education whereupon the following objectives are
followed.

Top of all, this is to provide adequate tools and equipment to DepEd

managed Public Senior High Schools offering TVL Specializations to facilitate
the effective teaching and learning process for the learners to acquire the
necessary skills and knowledge compliant to the K to 12 curriculum and
TESDA Training Regulations. Next is to produce improvised and Technical
Vocational Livelihood tools/equipment, and then, to conduct research-based
production of updated and modern Technical Vocational Livelihood
tools/equipment (Programs and Projects of Department of Education under
the Planning and Programming Division, 2021).

Despite the fact, functionality and availability of laboratory facilities is

still a prominent predicament of every school. Based on the study of Escalona
et al., (2012), the causes of disorganized facility are the following: number of
utensils are deficient for the students to use in cooking, some of the
equipment’s are not functioning, while others are already broken, the kitchen
is dirty at times, and insufficient kitchen rooms to accommodate. Since some
of the equipment’s in the kitchen are widely used, they are prone to damage.
Therefore, having no available tools or equipment is one of the factors that
affects the academic performance of the students. According to the study
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conducted by Limon (2016), there is a connection between the quality of

school facilities and the student’s performance in the Technology and
Livelihood Education. Hence, the overall performance of the students is
dependent to its environment; the malfunction of equipment, inaccessibility to
a proper ventilated workspace and clean water, and defected tools caused by
mishandling and oldness are undermining factors of the predicament.

Most of the students struggles with their laboratory facility due to

circumstances wherein kitchen tools and equipment fails to serve their
purpose, henceforth, affecting their overall performance. According to the
study of Jaminal (2019), in the Cluster A Schools of the Diocese of Butuan, it
was observed that majority of the schools were experiencing insufficient
school facilities and aging school buildings. Jaminal also stated that the
availability of laboratory facilities encourages and exposes students to a range
of activities which somehow stimulate them to learn.

A study conducted by Batino, Jr. (2019), in Senior High Schools of

Aroroy, revealed that the status of their facility in the elective subject were
rated 2 out of 5 by the majority in which the indicators are not appropriate, not
organized, lack of equipment, tools, materials and even ingredients used for
laboratories. The teacher-respondent of the study believed that because
certain students are unable to achieve the curriculum’s competencies, their
performance in the subject is affected by the facility’s current state.

This study will look into premise that accessible laboratory facilities is
essential in the academic performance of the TVL-HE (cookery) students.
Functionality of laboratory facilities is a prominent determinant of the students
on how they perform their activities in the qualification. Based on the study of
Escalona et al., (2012), the ability of training facilities or higher education
institutions to guarantee that laboratories and classrooms are functional and
adequate, as well as that the ideal teaching environment is present, could be
used to guarantee student’s interest in learning. In the end, it is believed that
having sufficient teaching and laboratory environments can result in students
performing better on performance evaluation.
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Albeit numerous studies, Sigaboy Agricultural Vocational High School

has yet instigated to conduct a study regarding the functionality of the TVL-
Cookery laboratory and its underlying issues in lieu of the academic
performance of the students.

By conducting this research, we can determine the influencing factors

affecting the life expectancy of tools and equipment in the cookery laboratory
and how it can affect the performance of the students. It is, therefore,
fundamental for school administrators to provide adequate functioning tools
and equipment as well as a desirable workplace wherein students are
motivated to work properly and complete the competencies.

Statement of the Problem

The study attempts to determine the factors affecting academic

performance of the students due to the malfunction of laboratory equipment of
Junior High School Cookery in Sigaboy Agricultural Vocational High School.

In detail, this intends to answer the following:

1. How does the equipment affect the performance level of the Grade 10
students? (In terms of):
 time-efficiency; and
 improve in skills
2. Who among male and female students are effective in operating the
facility?
3. What is the level of awareness of the students in terms of operating the
cooking equipment?
4. What is the impact of the cooking facility to the performance of the
students?

Theoretical Framework
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This study will take on the Constructivist Theory of Jean Piaget (1936).
This theory asserts that the knowledge of young people is developed through
experience and interactions. It has been acknowledged as “learning by doing”
in the field of education (Tobin, 1993). Therefore, this theory emphasized the
significant role of the school facilities including school laboratories and
equipment in the learning process of the students. Access to school facilities
exposes students to a real-life situation that would give them a view of the
world around them. Learning is an active, interpretive, and interactive process
as defined by Tobin. The theory is used in the study of Jaminal (2019).

Students’ learning, henceforth, is the basis why schools should provide

the necessary tools, equipment, and workplace within the facility that would
give them adequate experience (Jaminal, 2019).

IPO Model

The Input frame shows the functionality of laboratories which

compasses of kitchen tools, equipment, and ventilation with underlying factors
causing the issue. The academic performance is indicated wherein the scores
and the time-efficiency of a student varies upon the underlying factors.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. An analysis of the
functionality of the
1. Functionality of
junior high school
Laboratory;
1. Data gathering (In- cookery laboratory is
A. Kitchen Tools depth interview) determined.
B. Equipment
2. Data analysis 2. An analysis of the
C. Ventilation
academic
3. Data interpretation performance of the
students of junior high
2. Academic
school cookery is
Performance Factors;
determined.
A. Time-efficiency
3. Proposed
B. Skills
intervention is
improvement
provided.
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The Process frame indicates the data collection procedure used by the
researchers. An in-depth interview was employed to know the responses on
the functionality of facilities in the school. The Output frame is the main
objective of the study. An in-depth analysis of both indicators is determined,
whereby, interventions is proposed.

The figure above shows the Input- Process- Output (IPO) frame used
by the researcher in this study.

Significance of the Study

The researchers conducted this study to know how inaccessible

laboratory facility affects the academic performance of the students. The
following people, according to the researchers, may benefit from this
research:

School Administrator. This study can provide them information about

the facility problems present in the school wherein interventions can be done
in delivering a quality education that reflects to the performance of the school.

Teachers. This study will help them provide students a better

understanding of the lesson wherein they can perform in actuality. This will
also ease the burden and worries of the teacher in concern with the workplace
of the students.

Students. This study will provide students guidelines on the efficient

and effective use of the cookery equipment that would improve their skills and
educational awareness

Parents. Same with students, this study will help parents and/or
guardians increase their awareness in terms providing support to the students
and school for the operation and maintenance of school cookery facility.

Future Researchers. The findings of this research can be used by

future researchers to conduct a study on related topics. Hopefully, the result
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of this study will contribute in expanding their knowledge and can give the
latest information they need.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the impact of the Junior High School Cookery
laboratory facility in Sigaboy Agricultural Vocational High School with regards
to the students’ performance level, wherein, the determinant factors are the
following:

1. Awareness of the students when handling or using the tools and

equipment;
2. The environmental conditions of the storage and location of an
equipment; and
3. Regular maintenance of facility

There are ten (10) participants of the study who are selected through
convenience sampling. They are the Grade 10 Cookery students at the
Sigaboy Agricultural Vocational High School who are enrolled in the academic
year 2022-2023.

Definition of Terms

For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this

study, the following terms are defined conceptually and operationally.

Facilities. A cooking laboratory equipped with the essential tools and

equipment (BYLAW No. 780, 2022).

Technical Skills. Specialized knowledge and expertise needed to

accomplish complex actions, tasks, and processes (Coursera, 2022).

Kitchen Tools. This are cooking utensils, cutlery items, and dining
utensils (Home Furniture DIY, 2022).
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Cooking. The practice or skill of preparing food by combining, mixing

heating ingredients (Merriam Webster, 1596).

Malfunction. A failure to function in a normal or satisfactory manner

(Merriam Webster, 1892).

Workplace. An area in the kitchen dedicated to a particular task (Chef

Bates, 2021).

Insufficient. Not enough; inadequate (Webster’s Revised Unabridged

Dictionary).

Competencies. The knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors that

contribute to individual and organizational performance (Office of Human
Resources).

Functionality. Capable of serving a purpose well (Merriam Webster,

1836).

Equipment. Refer to the larger items in the kitchen that handle the
bulk of the preparation and cooking processes (TVL-HE GRADE 6 Module 10:
Using Tools and Equipment in Food Preservation, 2020).

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This presents the relevant literature and studies that the researcher
considered in strengthening the importance of the present study. It also
presents the synthesis of the art to fully understand the research for better
comprehension of the study.

Access to a fully-equipped facility is necessary in the learning process

of every learner under the Technical Vocational Education (TVE) Track.
Based on the study of Escalona et al., (2012), the ability of training facilities or
higher education institutions to guarantee that laboratories and classrooms
are functional and adequate, as well as that the ideal teaching environment is
 8

present, could be used to guarantee student’s interest in learning. The study

also asserted that learners may be disheartened if they are hindered with
malfunctioning equipment in preparing food which resulted from the lack of
maintenance of a facility.

Cooking Facilities means any electronic, electrical, gas, mechanical or

manual equipment by which food of any sort can be cooked, heated, steamed
or baked and including, without limitation, conventional ovens, microwaves,
convection ovens, toaster ovens, cook tops, hot plates, camping stoves,
barbecues, crock pots and electric frying pans, rice cookers, woks, grills and
griddles, but does not include an electric kettle that can only be used for
heating water (Law Insider).

The study of Bawar (2019), imply that both students and teachers
better appreciate TLE (Home Economics) if there are adequate instructional
facilities, equipment, utensils, and materials. Although considerable research
studies conducted, there are still some grey areas which are under looked.

A study conducted in Tennessee, USA, discovered mounting evidence

of a relationship between student behavior and performance and the quality of
a school's facilities. "Building an office infrastructure is not the same as
building a school infrastructure”. The research claimed that in addition to
being practical and cost-effective, school infrastructure also needs to instill a
sense of value in children (Kuensel Online, 2018).

A finding in the study of Bawar (2019), entitled Assessment of TLE

(Home Economics) and Instructional Facilities as Correlates to Academic
Achievement at Tagaytay City Science National High School: Basis for
Proposed Development Plan, shows that academic achievement relies on the
provision of instructional facilities used in the teaching and learning process
and the attitude, interests, and motivation of students and teachers towards
learning

Moreover, there are factors that contributes to the longevity of a facility.

Equipment Appraisal Services (2017), from Exactly how do you determine
 9

normal useful life in your equipment blog, took into account some of its
factors: environmental conditions, suitability to the work, abusive usage,
expected longevity of that line of machinery, and regular maintenance and
repair.

An article of Warren Wu (2021), entitled What is Facility Maintenance?

(+Benefits, Job Roles, and Examples) states that an asset's lifespan will be
extended through frequent maintenance and inspections, which will guarantee
that it is running effectively.

An article blog by Limble CMMS (2020), states that the goal of an

equipment maintenance is to keep machinery in top operational condition. A
piece of equipment can maximize its productivity and extend its useful life
when adequate, routine maintenance is given to it.

In connection, facility management systems have an effect on the

environment, which has an effect on how well students, instructors, and staff
perform. Attitudes are influenced by performance. Their teaching and learning
habits are then impacted by attitudes, which have an impact on the quality of
their educational outcomes. All of this ultimately affects how individuals and
society as a whole will fare in the future (sitelogiQ).

Studies show that facilities have an impact on the student’s overall

experience at school. A study by Andrews (2019), states that students are
impacted by school facilities in two different ways. First off, a student's
capacity to participate in extracurricular activities and other learning
opportunities is constrained by a lack of facilities. A teacher's motivation to
instruct is also harmed by a lack of facilities, which has a detrimental effect on
their job satisfaction.

The student’s proficiency in handling tools and equipment plays an

important role in preserving its lifespan. A study of Sankaran et al., (2020),
mentioned that through practice and education, one can become proficient in
using technical tools and equipment. It is essential to keep accessible
 10

technology tools and equipment while introducing experimentation into

instructional methods.

The tools and equipment’s life expectancy are directly affected by their
storage environment. According to an article blog of ModuLine entitling Top 3
Benefits to Properly Organizing and Storing Tools in Your Garage, your tools
will not accumulate rust, grease, or dust if they are stored in a location
intended for the tools. You can extend the life and improve the performance of
your tools by taking care of them.

Negligence can be the causing factor for a malfunctioning tools and

equipment. As stated in a blog Reasons for Kitchen Equipment Failure by
Marlen, workers may be responsible for equipment failure if they misuse
equipment improperly, neglect to maintain it properly, or are not attentive to
how it works.

Despite numerous studies conducted regarding this issue, it is still to

this date, a predicament of various schools, particularly schools offering TVL
programs. There are yet to be studies conducted on how behavior of the
learners and the school’s maintenance intervention affects its facilities. This
study will further assess the underlying factors for the malfunction of facilities,
however, still not given attention.

REFERENCES

Jaminal, B. D. (2019). The Impact of School Facilities to the Teaching-

Learning Environment. SMCC Higher Education Research Journal, 6(1), 1-1.
Retrieved from
[Link]
ph/articles/Vol6/[Link]

Batino Jr, N. (2019). The Status of Facilities of Elective Subjects of the Senior
High School in the Secondary Schools of Aroroy. Ascendens Asia Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2H). Retrieved from
[Link]
 11

Bawar, M. (2019). Assessment of TLE (Home Economics) and Instructional

Facilities as Correlates to Academic Achievement at Tagaytay City Science
National High School: Basis for Proposed Development Plan. Ascendens Asia
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2C). Retrieved from
[Link]

Maria Cecilia A. Mañanita (2021); Adequacy And Utilization Of Tools And

Equipment And Students’ Performance In Technical Vocational And
Livelihood Education; International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications (IJSRP) 11(8) (ISSN: 2250-3153), DOI:
[Link] Retrieved from
[Link]

Escalona, M. J. (2012). Proposed Quantity and Quality Development of

Kitchen Utensils and Facilities in the Institute of Tourism and Hotel
Management. Retrieved from
[Link]
facilities?
fbclid=IwAR0_elP0n58UCpBJ3m94Z_VtDTD1i92S879QHQBWxoWP8ZSyBfp
35gHMyBE.

Equipment Appraisal Services (2017). Exactly how do you determine normal

useful life in your equipment?. Retrieved from
[Link]
normal-useful-life-in-your-equipment

Wu, W. (2021). What is Facility Maintenance? (+Benefits, Job Roles, and

Examples). Retrieved from What is Facility Maintenance? (+Benefits, Job
Roles, and Examples) ([Link])

SitelogiQ (2023). How K-12 Facilities Impact Student Learning and Health.
Retrieved from How K-12 Facilities Impact Student Learning and Health |
SitelogIQ
 12

Andrews, A. (2019). How School Facilities Improve A Child’s School

Experience. Retrieved from [Link]
facilities-improve-a-childs-school-experience/?amp

Sankaran, S. (2020). Technology Proficiency in Teaching and Facilitating.

Retrieved from
[Link]
0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-591

ModuLine, (2023). Top 3 Benefits to Properly Organizing and Storing Tools in

Your Garage. Retrieved from
[Link]
storing-tools-garage/

HomeMarlen (2023). Reasons for Kitchen Equipment Failure. Retrieved from

[Link]

City University of Seattle Library (2021). Qualitative Research Methods.

Retrieved from
[Link]

Bhat, A. (2023). In-depth Interviews: Definition and How to Conduct Them.

Retrieved from [Link]

Reddy, C. (2023). In Depth Interview Advantages and Disadvantages.

Retrieved from [Link]
disadvantages/

Limble CMMS (2020). Equipment Maintenance: Goals, Types, Program

Setup. Retrieved from
[Link]
%20way%20to%20define%20equipment,output%20and%20increases%20its
%20useful%20life.&text=The%20best%20way%20to,increases%20its
%20useful%20life.&text=way%20to%20define%20equipment,output%20and
%20increases%20its
 13

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the Research Design, Research Respondents,

Research Instrument, and the Data Gathering Procedure.

Research Design

This study determined the factors affecting the academic performance

of Junior High School students of Sigaboy Agricultural Vocational High
School. The Qualitative method was used in this study.

This research was conducted to answer the following questions:

1. The age, sex and family income level of respondents

2. What are the age and condition of the cookery equipment?
3. What is the level of awareness of students in using the facility?
4. What is the impact of the cooking facility to the performance of the
students?

This study applies the qualitative methods in which the collection of

data was based on the experiences and perspectives of the Junior High
School students. A research strategy that generates descriptive (non-
numerical) data, including behavior observations or first-person narratives of
experiences (City University of Seattle Library, 2021). This study adheres to a
Phenomenological method that focuses on analyzing the phenomena that
 14

have affected a person. This method focuses on the details and identifies a
phenomenon as it is understood by a particular person in a given
circumstance. The similarities in a collection of people's actions can also be
studied using this method. Its objective is to obtain the most uncontaminated
data possible. Researchers may keep personal notes regarding what they
discover from their participants. This increases the validity of the data and
enables researchers to filter out these influences to create objective narratives
(Harappa, 2021).

The study will employ a phenomenological method in which an in-

depth interview will be used as a research instrument for a comprehensive
understanding of the conditions.

Since the study will be focused on how facilities affect the

performance of the students, as well as their behaviors and experiences,
phenomenology as the research method would best fit. This study will further
assess the phenomenon and provide detailed conclusions and findings.

Research Respondents

The selecting of respondents was done through convenience

sampling in which the researchers focused on the different criteria. Another
useful technique for the investigation is the in-depth interview (IDI) that view
only for the specific discussion with key informants to understand a certain
condition through analysis from their texts and documents (Hammerbeg et al.,
2016). The ten (10) selected Junior High School students possessing the
criteria to set an in-depth interview (IDI).

The study will be conducted at Sigaboy Agricultural Vocational High

School specifically focusing on the Junior High School Cookery Laboratory.
The school is located at Barangay Poblacion, Governor Generoso, Davao
Oriental, Philippines.

Research Instrument

The main tool used in this study will be an In-depth Interview (IDI). An
extensive quantity of information can be gathered on the behavior, attitude,
and perspective of the interviewees through in-depth interviews, a qualitative
 15

data collection technique. In-depth interviews give both interviewers and

subjects the opportunity to explore additional topics and, if required, alter the
course of the conversation. It is a standalone research methodology that can
employ many approaches depending on the requirements of the study.
Questions can be tailored to the specific scenario and are typically open-
ended. The participant feels more at ease during the interview because the
interviewer has the chance to get to know them. As a result, they are able to
provide candid comments and observe the expressions and body language of
others. Such hints may represent rich qualitative data (Bhat, 2023). The
research instrument was created using individual questions formed by the
researcher.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering tool that the researchers will use in order to gather
the data needed in this study will be in-depth interviews (IDI). It is inclined with
the research design, and it will also be able to describe and characterize the
key informants. In addition, according to Reddy (2023), an in-depth interview
is a quality-based research method used to conduct in-depth interviews with
candidates when there aren't many respondents and the study is primarily
focused on one subject, concept, or initiative. It works well for acquiring
information or qualitative data. The researchers will be using interview,
observations, and audio recordings for this study.

After preparing the research instrument, the researchers will make an

informed consent for the participants. It will be the researchers' commitment to
ensure the integrity of the participants before, during, and after the research.
The participants’ private information will also be kept confidential to guarantee
their privacy and avoid any technicality in the process. The target
respondents' consent and agreement with the researchers will also be taken
into account. As soon as the request will be approved, the researchers will
choose the student respondents based on their availability and willingness to
take part in the study.

Research Ethics
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The researchers will carefully follow the ethical guidelines in

conducting the study. Such guidelines include the handing out of informed
consent, debriefing, and confidentiality of the gathered information. The
participants will undergo a debriefing before the interview to ensure the
transparency of the process.

Participants will also be instructed about the research termination. The

participants can freely back out from the study if he/she chooses to terminate
the agreement amidst the study, without any monetary or any forms of
accountability. The study will be objective and maintains unbiasedness to
ensure the accuracy of results. The gathered data will not be manipulated nor
exploited by the researchers.

DATA ANALYSIS

Recording of Data

The interview will be recorded digitally as well as written manually

with the consent of the respondents. The recorded audio and transcript of the
interview will be saved in an external drive to secure multiple copies in case of
corrupted files.

Transcription and Translation of Data

The interviewee’s preferred language during the interview in the

recorded audio and written transcripts will then be translated into English. The
researchers will assure the accuracy of the translations to avoid any
manipulations and mistranslation of data.

Qualitative Data Analysis and Translation

Narrative analysis is a data analysis method that aims to comprehend

and capture the human experience by delving deeply into the meanings
connected to an individual’s experiences (Delve, 2023).
17