VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi – 590 018.

An Internship Report
On

“Embedded System & Iot”

20.08.2022 to 20.09.2022
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Submitted by

S SHREYAS THANTHRI 1VI19EC124

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BENGALURU – 560034
2022-2023
 Karnataka Reddy Jana Sangha®
VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
Koramangala, Bengaluru-560034.

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship work entitled “ Embedded System & Iot” is a
bonafide work carried out by Mr. S SHREYAS THANTHRI (1VI19EC124) during
the academic year 2022-23 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi.
It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have
been incorporated in the report. The internship report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect of the Internship work prescribed for the said
degree.

Guide Head of the Department Principal

(Prof Deepika D Pai) (Dr. Chandra Shekar S.M) (Dr. Vijayasimha Reddy B.G)

External Viva

Name of the Examiner Signature with date

1.

2.
 ABSTRACT
As per the VTU norms, a 4 weeks internship was carried out starting from 20th of August 2022 to 20th of
September 2022 from TAKE IT SMART (OPC) [Link] which provided a wide industrial application.
TAKE IT SMART (OPC) [Link] is an Indian based engineering and Software Company headquartered
in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is both product and service-oriented software company.

This internship was based on Embedded System & Iot, the word Embedded System & Iot means that a
embedded system that is connected to internet in other word it becomes a smart device. The internet of things
(IoT) is connecting the devices and tools to the internet network to be controlled by websites and smart phone
applications remotely.

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely thank Visvesvaraya Technology University for providing a platform to do the internship
work.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Vijayasimha Reddy B G, Principal, Vemana Institute of
Technology, Bengaluru, for providing necessary facilities and motivation to carry out internship work
successfully.

I express heartfelt gratitude and humble thanks to Dr. Chandra Shekar S M, HoD, ECE, Vemana
Institute of Technology, for his constant encouragement, inspiration and help to carry out internship
work successfully.

I am very thankful to my external guide, Mallikarjun Kumbar, Director, Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt
Ltd, who has given in-time valuable instructions and put me in contact with experts in the field, with
extensive guidance regarding practical issues.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my internal guide, Prof Deepika D Pai Assistant
Professor, for providing encouragement and inspiration throughout the internship.

I thank internship coordinators Prof. Byra Reddy G R and Prof. Kusuma G S for their cooperation
and support during the internship work

I am thankful to all the teaching and non-teaching staff members of Electronics & Communication
Engineering department for their help and much needed support throughout the internship.

S SHREYASTHANTHRI
IVI19EC124

II
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures iv

1 INTRODUCTION 1-3

1.1 Embedded System 1

1.2 Internet Of Things (IOT) 2

2 ORGANAIZATION PROFILE 4-5

3 INTODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS 6-9

3.1 Arduino Uno Board 6

3.2 ATmega328P Microcontroller 6

3.3 NodeMCU V3 7

3.4 Bluetooth 8

3.5 Relays 9

3.6 16X2 LCD 9

3.7 Embedded C Programming 9

4 Project Work 10-11

4.1 Block Diagram 10

4.2 Circuit Diagram 10

4.3 MQ135 11

4.4 Result & Discussion 11

CONCLUSION 12

REFERENCE 13

III
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE
TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
3.1 Arduino Board 6

3.2 ATnega328P Pinout 7

3.3 NodeMCU V3 8

3.4 Bluetooth Module 8

3.5 Relay Symbol 9

3.6 16x2 Lcd 9

4.1 Block Diagram 10

4.2 Circuit Diagram 10

4.3 MQ135 11

4.4 Project Testing 11

4.5 Output 11

IV
EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
The internship on Embedded System & Iot provided exposure to various microcontroller boards that were
available for development of various IOT application areas like consumer, home automation, security,
surveillance, health care, etc. The main aim of this internship was to bond the gap between the company and
the students by providing them with practical experience by providing the complete experience using the
various microcontroller boards like Arduino Uno microcontroller ,NodeMCU V3 etc considering the various
constraints that comes into effect during the physical implementation of a project.

1.1 EMBEDDED SYSTEM

The combination of hardware and software either fixed in capability or programmable is known as Embedded
system, that is designed for a specific function. Embedded systems is device used to control or monitor the
operation of equipment’s or machinery. The word “Embedded” refers to the internal part.

These are classified into different types:

 Based On The Performance And Functional Requirements:

1] REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

This type of systems are defined as the systems in which the truthfulness of the system depends not only on the logical
result computation, but also the results are produced on time.

 Hard real-time systems (eg: Flight Control Systems)

 Firm real-time systems (eg: Banking)

 Soft real-time systems (eg: Personal computer)

2] DETACHED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

These types of systems do not require a host like a computer, it depends on itself. It takes the inputs from the
either analog or digital and processes, calculates and modified the data and gives the end data through the link
device which either control, drives and displays the output.

Example: Mp3 music players, Digital cameras, Video games, Microwave ovens and Temperature Check-up
systems.

3] NETWORKED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

These types of systems branch to a network to access the resources, connected network can be LAN, WAN,
or the internet. The connection maybe wireless or wired. This system is highest growing area in embedded
system applications.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT
 Based On The Performance & Complexity:
1] SMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Simple in application needs and the performance requirements are not time critical. Usually built around low
performance and low cost 8-bit or 16-bit microprocessors/microcontrollers. May or may not contain an
operating system for its functioning. Eg: An Electronic toy.

2] MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Slightly complex in hardware and firmware(software) requirements. Usually built around medium performance,
low cost 16-bit or 32- bit microprocessors/microcontrollers or digital signal processors. Usually contain an
embedded operating system (either generalpurpose or real time operating system) for functioning

3] LARGE SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Highly complex in hardware and firmware (software) requirements. They are employed in mission critical
applications demanding high performance. Usually built around high performance 32-bit or 64-bit RISC
processors/controllers or Reconfigurable System on Chip (RSoC) or multi- core processors and programmable
logic devices. May contain multiple processors/controllers and co-units/hardware accelerators for offloading
the processing requirements from the main processor of the system. Usually contain a high performance real
time operating system (RTOS) for task scheduling, prioritization and management.

1.2 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines,
objects, or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

A “thing” in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip
transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other
natural or man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is able to transfer data
over a network.

Increasingly, organizations in a variety of industries are using IoT to operate more efficiently, better
understand customers to deliver enhanced customer service, improve decision-making and increase the value
of the business.

An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors,
sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT
IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where
data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with
other related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work
without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices for instance, to set them up, give
them instructions or access the data.

Dept. of ECE,VIT 3 2022-2023

EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT

CHAPTER 4

PROJECT WORK

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1:Block Diagram

The MQ135 sensor consists of four pins one vcc , gnd and one analog output and one digital output .The signal
obtained from the MQ135 sensor under goes signal conditioning where the signal is modified and corrected.
The modified signal is given as the input data to the microcontroller (NodeMCU). The output is transmitted
from the microcontroller (NodeMCU) to the cloud (Think Speak).
4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.2:Circuit Diagram

The VCC pin of MQ135 sensor is connected with Vin pin of NodeMCU, and GND pin is connected with
NodeMCU GND pin. While the A0 pin is connected with A0 pin of NodeMCU as shown in the circuit diagram
above.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT
4.3 MQ135

MQ135 sensor is 4-pin multi-use sensor and has a steel exoskeleton under which a sensing element is housed.
This sensing element is subjected to current through connecting leads. It can be used to sense gas like benzene,
alcohol, smoke, the gases coming close to the sensing element get ionized and are absorbed by the sensing
element.. MQ135 sensor is sensitive to a range of gasses that are used at room temperature. It operates from
2.5V to 5.0V and can provide both digital and analog output. The analog output pin, outputs an analog voltage
which can be used to approximate the level of these gases in the atmosphere.

Fig : MQ135 Sensor

4.4 RESULTS & DISCUSSION

The device to monitor the toxicity in the air environment is designed using NodeMCU, IoT technology is
implemented to control the air quality. By using IoT technology the process of monitoring the toxicity of air
and controlling the various gases in the environment is proposed in this research. The use of MQ135 sensor
senses various hazardous gases and NodeMCU is the heart of this application, which controls the whole process.
WiFi module controls all the process to the internet and monitor is used for displaying the results over the
internet.

Fig 4.4: PROJECT TESTING Fig 4.5 OUTPUT

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT

CONCLUSION
This internship on Embedded System & IoT has been a beneficiary training and a new learning experience this
internship provided me a good hands-on experience on Embedded System &IoT very well. In the first few
weeks, the different projects which were already undertaken by the company was exposed to us. At the same
time, they have also helped me to implement and also develop my knowledge and skills respectively into the
fields of IoT and Microcontrollers, which can be used in the Embedded systems domain of work. This internship
has also introduced me to the new platforms of Internet of Things (IoT), which is a recent trend in the technology
sector. This internship also helped me bridge the gap between the industry and academics by providing the
complete experience to on board using the various microcontroller boards. In conclusion, this internship has an
added a new skill and given the idea of Embedded System & IoT.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM & IOT

REFERENCES

[1] R.Bhuvaneswari1, [Link], [Link], Sunita Panda, KamalanathanChandran, “Monitoring And

Measurement of Air Pollution Using Internet of Things”, Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture &
Technology, Volume XII, Issue V, 2020, p.43.

[2] Md. Mohiuddin Ahmed, Suraiya Banu2, Bijan Paul, “Real-time Air Quality Monitoring System for
Bangladesh‟s perspective based on Internet of things”, 2017 3rd International Conference on Electrical
Information and Communication Technology (EICT), 7-9 December 2017, Khulna, Bangladesh.

[3] Somansh Kumar, AshishJasuja, “Air Quality Monitoring System Based on IoT using Raspberry Pi”,
International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2017), IEEE 2017.

[4] PallaviAsthana, Sumita Mishra, “IoT Enabled Real Time Bolt based Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
System”, 2018 International Conference on Computational and Characterization Techniques in Engineering &
Sciences (CCTES), Integral University, Lucknow, India, Sep 14-15, 2018.

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