• 800080

1001

Started

2/12/21
•
1.0 Mobile devices -14.1 .

pg 3-9

2.0 Networking 20%

Pg 10-21
-
•

3.0 Hardware
•
-27-1 .

pg 22-35

•
4.0 Virtualization & Cloud Computing -12-1 .

pg 36-38

• 5.0 Hardware & Network Troubleshooting -27-1 .

pg 39-45

90 questions , 90 minutes ,
675
passing score
,
2 exams
 1. I Mobile Devices
Hard Drives :
•
SSD : lower temps , small power cons no
, moving ,
no noise ,

•
1ms a cess time .
. 51 .
failure rate ,
less
storage ,
more 51$
•
HDD : hot
, high power , moving parts ,
more noise ,
5.5 -3.0ms
,

2- 5 -1 .
failure , more
storage ,
cheaper
•
non Votitile -

Memory (RAM) :
•
Volt tile

Very fast
*

Mini PCIe
•
how older laptops connect
Video , cellular 's Wifi cards connect through mini pcie
•

connectors
DC Jack
•

Where power comes from for motherboard

Batteries
•
Nickel cadmium (Ni Cd)
•
Lithium-ion (Li -
ion )
•
Nickel metal -

Hydride ( NiMH )
 I 2 Display .
of Laptop

TypesLCD
of
Displays
vs OLED
•
.
:

-
LCD -

liquid crystal display

-

light , thin ,
backlight bright
,

OLED -

organic light emitting diodes

-

light , thin ,
diode supplies light ,
contrast

wifi At enna ( internal cards)

•
located around the screens

inverter
takes and inverts it to AC
⑧
Component for LCD
lighting ,
Dc

for backlight .

Cause for flickers or

dimming
•

1. 3 Laptop Features
if not
using bluetooth turn it off
youre
•

•
Dual displays wireless cellular on/off Volume settings
, , ,

brightness blutoothltoclchpadl keyboard

screen GPS On/off
, ,

Screen orientation media airplane

backlighting , ,
,
mode,

docking stations , port replicator ,

cable look , rotating /
removable screen ,
 1. 4 Mobile Devices
Tablets :
•
portable , good battery , no
high processing , storueehn
Smartphones :

•
portable common good battery less powerful
, , ,
than

laptop small screen good resolution

,
,

wearable devices :
popular smart watch small
•

, ,
task w/ little processing
E- Readers :
•
Kindle fire , losing popularity ,
low preform ance
GPS
•

losing popularity ,
low preform a rice
 1. 5 Ports of Mobile Devices

Connection
Types
•

BSE wired-

men
[Link] Egg
enormous

Emma USB / Micro USB 1 Mini USB 1USD

. - - -
C

Tethering
"

connecting a device to another system

•

render specific ports

'
IPhone ,
Samsung (tesla charger)
-

NFC
wireless
connectivity
-

'
Bluetooth
better than NFC , 30 100ft
range
• -

•
IR infrared

line of sight to see

•

'

Hotspot
'

share connection
 1. 6 Network connectivity
Port :
POP 3 Us 110
:
,
s : 995

•
Post office protocol
set of rules that store and retrieve emails
your
-

from a server to the client

•

Only I device connectivity -

contrast to IMAP
•
port , server information authentication ,

IMAP us : 143 5993

internet access protocol

message
•

set of rules that store and retrieve emails

your
-

from a server to the client

•
folder creation on server , multiple devices can

retrieve information
•
port , server information authentication ,

Port and SSL settings

sports are like doors into lout of system
-

path of clients and servers to communicate

•
Socket -
Ipt Port ( 192.168.10 .
22 : 3389 )
Secure socket (SSL ) use for secure
layer Comm
•
.

between client di Server (TLS)

•

diff settings use different ports for clients

SIMIME
osecurelmutti purpose internet mail extensions
digitally signed a encrypted messages
-
PRI h PRL Updates / Baseband updates
•
PRI updates product release instruction
→

settings for config items on device specific to

-
.

the network its on

PRL updates preferred list

roaming
•
-

connect proper cell phone tower while roaming

-

•
Baseband updates
wireless
-
update of the "
sub OS
"
that manages Comm .

Radio Firmware
-
Firmware is special instructions for hardware
"

updates
"
•
update security .
not OS

IMEI vs . IMSI
•
IMEI of all Mobile stations are stored in db
known EIR (equipment identification register )
as
•
IMSI number to mobile user by telecom
Seru .
provider or carrier -
stored in Sim card
VPN
Virtual private network
'

internet media but

using public as transmission
secure
 1. 7 Synchronization
sync to cloud
•
popular photos contacts
,
music emails
being updated
sync to desktop
-
issues w/ Cloud copies ,
are local , wired ( wireless
connection
automobile
sync to
bluetooth to contacts
sync
•

Mutual authentication for multiple services

•

Single sign on SSO

-
provide credentials once ,
info shared across network
software requirements to install Apps
Software requirements for the apps w/
•
PC sync .

Storage space usually problem

enable sync
connection types to
-

tethering , wired vs .
wireless

quiz :
positioning
•
function keys -
-
letter keys non roti tile - HDD
-
GPS -

global
, ,
system
 2. 1
TCP da UDP ports
Networking protocols
,

FTP File transfer protocol

•
Used to move local files to server
Port 20 (data) 21
'
( connection ) ,
Uh secure Tcp
,

SSH secure shell

•
Secure replacement for unsecure Telnet
•
remote connections to server or networking devices
-
Used to secure other proto .
FTP Scp
,

•
port 22 , TCP
Telnet
•
Unsecure plain text
'
Used to make remote Conn . to Telnet server or

device
•

port 23 TCP , networking

SMTP simple mail transfer protocol
•

Sends email for you , responsible for

sending to

diff email servers

•
TCP ,
Port 25
DNS Domain name server
MFTRSOA
SR"
Used to address
'
-
resolve hostname to IP -

•
port 53 TCP & ,
UDP

HTTP hypertext transfer protocol

•
Used to surf web
•

port 80 TCP ,

POP
3. retrieve emails ,
I device (cut not copy )
•
port 110 , TCP
IMAP internet message access protocol
•
retrieve emails , leaves copy on server
•
port 143 , TCP
HTTPS HTTP secure
•
Https using secure protocol like SSL or TLS
to
encrypt
•

port 443 , TCP

RDP remote desktop protocol

•
Used to remote connect to server or desktop
not like which is command line this
Telnet
gives gui
-

•
port 3389 TCP .

Net BIOSINETBT Net basic input output service

Used to talk over LAN , used in windows for
•

file (printer share .

model
•

providing services rel . Session layer 051 ,

allow

apps on separate comp to talk over LAN .

sport 137 (UDP) 139 (TCP)

SMB ( CI FS Server message blocks 40mm on internet FS
•
Client -
server Comm .
protocol for sharing access files

printers , serial ports ,

etc . On network

sport 445 , TCP

.CI FS part of SMB where Ms tried supporting other OS

SLP Service location protocol

•
Allows devices to find services in LAN w/o config
•
have to have URL ,
427
AFP Apple filing protocol
•
file services for macos
•
548 , TCP
DHCP dynamic host
config .
protocol
•
provides IP host w/ IP address h subnet 4 gateway etc .

•
port 67 Server end , 68 Client end VDP ,

LDAP lightweight directory access protocol

Client server for
accessing directory services
•
-

place to store d. password

Active directory username
-

sport 389 TCP ,

SNMP Simple network management protocol

Collect 4 Organize info managed devices on
•
IP net for

modifying to change device behavior

port 161 (get ) 162 ( trap) TCP
-

TCP vs .
UDP
Transmission control Protocol VS. User Datagram Protocol
•

Tcp : reliable ,
3
Way handshake (SYN >
SYNIACK > ACK)

4-
way shutdown process (FIN > ACK> FIN > ACK)
larger header than UDP
UDP unreliable Send it and
:
.
forget it good
,
for streaming ,

no error correction

* port # to note

SSH → 22
rdp → 3389
Https → 443
 Network Hardware
2. 2 Devices
Routers
model based addressing
Layer 3 On OSI off Ip Ipv 4 IPv6
' -

moving data from one network to another network

'

creates tables for moving data from interface to interface

switches
r

Layer 2 -

based off hardware addressing

•
extends network and broadcast network
•

managed
-
network admins to config port, Sec , VLAN .
IP
remmaonatgee
-

unmanaged -
called hub ,
no decisions

Access point
devices to connect to wireless network
'

SoHo users
Usually have access pointtwireless
•
router
Cloud Based Network controller
•
network software based
more
'
Software defined net Manipulates data . planes
'
Cloud based for centralized control using soft .

Firewall
filters traffic
coming in lout your network
'

•
operate based on addressing content or context
,
•

host based protects l system ,

network protects all
Network interface card
•
NIC devices connect to
allow network
•
Mac address hard coded on card
,
Repeater
anything that can and regen
pass a
signal
the
signal
Hub
'

layer I ,
has no place
•
works as a repeater
cable IDSL Modem
-

take signal from ISP and convert to usable

signal in your home

Bridge
tiny switch , 2 4 ports
•
-

-
cut down LAN collisions
patch Panel
located -

in Comm . Closet 4 data center

power over Ethernet
-

deploy WAP around building w/o powoerutiet

:
•

power p used through cabling

Ethernet overpower
'

kinda opposite of POE

 wired / SOHO Network
2. 3. wireless
Router / Switch Functionality
layer
: switch
3 , up IP addressing router ,

layer 2. MAC addressing

routerswitchIAP
-

Most SOHO are together

Firewall
DMZ Demilitarized Zone
zone between unprotected internet and trust

network on inside

put public facing service in DMZ

'

Port
Forwarding
•
run services in SoHo but dont have public IP

to the device
if want to run web server in home
you
'

your
NAT Network Address Translation
Public
takes private IP addressing and translates to
'

Static NAT ( 111 private lplpublic IP) Dynamic NAT (Pg optriypub)
'
-
,

NAT overload (l public many ,

private)
QoS Quality of service
to flow , prioritization
Whose traffic gets
•

wireless settings
wireless Encryption
-
WEP wired -

Equivalent privacy
-

not secure , uses same key over

•
WPA -
Wifi protected Access
rotates changes keys better than WEP
-

'

WPA 2 best -
we have
Rc4
-
Aes encryption compared
very secure
-
 Wireless Networking
2. 4 protocols
802.11
a) 5GHz 23 non overlapping 20MHz Up to
-
54 Mbps

(
, ,

b) 2.4GHz 3 non overlapping 11 Mbps

,
-
,

g) 2.4 GHz i3 non 54 Mbps ,

[Link]#tnneuttnirieinomothoutmntIIFs::titantisream
Frequencies
2.4GHz, more congested ,
flatter go farther
5. 0GHz ,
faster data
channels
2.4--11 Channels 3 dont overlap ,

5. 0=23 non overlapping

Bluetooth
2. 4 GHz , 79 Channels used
RFID Radio Frequency ID
-

electromagnetic fields to identify tags

Zigbee 4 z wave -

mesh network everybody is connected

-

3G , 46,56 , LTE
-
LTE = I Gbps but 56=10 Gb PS
 2.5 Servings Network Hosts
server Roles :

web server
host website pages not powerful
i. ,

layer hierarchy web server > web app server > database Seru
-

Apache Linux # I
File server
Computers with of
lots
storage
•

Support multiple protocols Smb , FTP SCP , WebDav

,

print server
help with
•

pressure of print jobs with prioritization

DHCP server
-

give IP add .
info to clients ( IP , gateway ,
DNS , wins
,
lease time
-
server admin defines scope (range . reserve time )
DNS server
-
contact list for internet
proxy server
Works on somethings behalf
•

Used to hide back comp . from public

cache internet info
locally
-

'

filter out bad web

Mail Server
'

folders mailboxes for each other

or
-

Acc name associated w/ domain

.
protocols have diff roles
Authentication server
-

prove
' you are who
you say you are
>
auth in local
. or centralized area
-
Radius SSO Kerberos (authenticator)
, ,

Sys log
•
network devices 4 Server systems have log files

logs to be
aggregated into one location ( helps sewdrohing)
'

Internet Appliances :

UTM Unified Threat Management

one stop shop for security
•

firewall app control malware , VPN , Anti spam ,

reporting anti
-

-
-

, , ,

ID slips
•

protects SOHO
IDs Intrusion Detection system
•

device or server that filters traffic

host , based
esigniture based anomaly ,
based heuristic based network
,
,

•
Alerts admin to take action
IPS Intrusion prevention system
'
IDs but takes action
End Point Management Server

centrally discover, provision , deploy update and trouble

-

,
,
endpoint devices
track assets

Legacy I Embedded systems

-

Outdated ,
runs Hvac or sprinkler
and expensive to replace , replace entire
proprietary
-

section just for

embedded device
 2. 6 Network Config .

IP Addressing
Where
•

routing takes place

Static IP what a user manually puts in , IP stays same
Hpi addresses
:

Dynamic can change

'
IPV 4 more common ,
IPv6 Still a
thing
↳ 32 bit numbers in dotted decimal

A E private
layer 3 classes ,
range 10.0 O O [Link]
> - -

- -

172.16 O O 172.31 255.255

A- PIPA Automatic private
-

Ip
- -

92.168.00--[Link]
-

windows add .
Addressing
-

cant surf internet

Link Local IPV6 term He 80 : : )
only valid for LAN , cant pass router
-
over

DNS host records

IPV 4 VS IPV6 .

32 bit 128 bit

all # hexadecimal (A F. o 9) -
-

4 Octets 8 hextets
4. 3 bit add 3.4×1038 add .

subnet mask
up network portion of IP
covering
-

'

Used to determine network,broadcast 4 Usable

range for an IP address

Gateway
the in lout of network Usually a firewall
way your
-

VPN
to to network
Use
get back work 1 home
'

-
Surf security
VLAN virtual local area network
'

Used all over

-

logically break up networks but use same Pehglhsiipcmatnt

-

layer 2 Switches , layer 3 device to route

NAT Network address translation

-

private IP mapped to public Ip

Internet connection }
2. 7
Network types
cable Internet
popular coaxial cable very
'

most , ,
fast lbbps , $ not bad
DSL
Digital subscriber line
not as popular not that fast
'

Dial up internet
.

Very slow , good for small data packets

Fiber
fast Isp install converter
growing popular very
-
,
,

satelite
Very rural very expensive decent speeds
>

, ,

ISDN integrated services digital network

"

Slow , not popular

Line of Sight wireless
•

microwave Comm .
Network types :

LAN
network , small area
your private
-

WAN
LAN 's
-

connect together ,
miles
long
PAN
-
small network blue tooth ,

MAN
'
LAN 4 WAN together ,
blanket city w/ internet
WMN wireless mesh network
-

radio nodes organized in mesh topology goes

,
from Hoddle "

2. 8 Networking Tools
crimper .

attach ends to network cables

cable stripper remove protective cable

covering
.
on

multimeter test line to .

see if power flowing

Tone 's probe to see which ends the

generator of
.

cable goes to which

cable tester After make a cable , see if it works
you
.

loop back plug hardware .

test for Nic

punch down tool punch down .

cable into connection slots

Want to Wifi networks

Wifi analyzer .
see how many are
around
3. l cables
Network cables :
Ethernet 802.3
'

Cat 5 -

twisted , 4 wires 100M bps , ,

300ft
Cat 5 e -

twisted I Gbps crosstalk 300ft

,
4 , , ,

Cat 6 -

twisted , 4 , 10 Gbps 300ft ,

Plenum -

plastics that dont give off Chem when burn

'
Sheil de d vs unshielded
568 A/B - -
standard for making cables
Fiber
•
fastest ,
not copper but light waves

coaxial
•

Copper wire
video cables :
VGA video graphics array
•
15 pin connector
analog video display
-

HDMI h Mini HDMI high def . multimedia interface

-

video da audio signals

replaces analog VGA
.

Display port
One port can support multiple monitors
•

digital audio 's Video

signals
•

DVI digital visual interface

Video only , digital

DVI D
digital 4
digital only DVI I
analog
- - - -
Multipurpose cable :
lightning cable
Apple phone
•

connector
thunderbolt
•

Connect thunderbolt devices to system

•

thunderbolt 142 ,
same connector as mini Displayport
thunderbolt 3 Uses USB -
C

USB
•

Used for peripherals ,

carries data audio , power
,

>
1.0=12 Mbps ,
2.0=480 Mbps , 3.2=20 Gbps
USB -
C
Up to date fast 20 Gbps
USB
Very
•

Peripheral cables
•
Serial cables ,
Old

Hard Drive cables :

SATA serial advanced tech attachment .

replaced PATA (parallel ATA)

fast , 2 GBP5
☐

IDE integrated drive electronics

PATA
•

133 MBPS multiple devices on one cable

•

SCSI small computer system interface

•
device to device for external HD
Adapters
•
allows tech to convert to other tech
 3. 2 Common con .

types
C0nnectorwh
RJ-11
•

Telephone Older , 2 pairs , 4 Wires

RJ-45
end , 4 pairs , 8 wires , CATS, se ,
Ethernet
•

Connectors on the 6 ,

RS 232-

•
Old connector for serial cables
BNC
mini quick connect / disconnect radio frequencies
•

RG 59 / RG 6
- -

•
low power video
.tv , tightener
DB -9
•
Serial cable , 9 pin EIA / TIA
,
232 Serial intf .

esata
•
external SATA hard drives
,
MO lex
•
how internal devices
get their power Cold )
3. 3 RAM Types
RAM Types :
SODIMM Small outline dual in line mod
memory
-
.

Used for laptops

•

•
Small notch & half circle
markings
DDR 21314 double data rate
•
pins dont match up
•
SODIMM Sizes 2--200 pin 3--204 pin 4=260 pin
-

DIMM sizes 2=240 3=240 4=288 4--3200

MB "
-

peak transfer rate 2--2100 MB /s 3=2600 MBA

single / Dual / Triple channel

how
many chips youre using
•

motherboard / CPU thing not RAM thing

•

Error correcting
•

Correct data corruption

has parity bit
•

parity vs non parity -

Parity is an extra bit added to recognize errors

Only detect , not correct

non parity faster
'
-

11213 Channel

Parity bit
SO DIMM-

DDR slots
 3. 4 Storage Devices

Optical Drives
light lasers no
touching or
magnetics
•

, ,

•
faster more capacity CD , DVD Blue Ray
, , ,
-

to double sided & double

layered -9
•

Solid-state Drives
-
no
moving parts , quiet , fast
•
NVM e- nonvolatile express
*
memory
speeds push in
high , like RAM

Magnetic Hard Drive

Hard disk drive moving parts cheaper
-

, ,

↳ 2.5in & 3.5in ( new hold)

Hybrid Drives
Speed of SSD
•

,
capacity of HDD
Flash Drives
flash
memory very fast
•

-
SD card compact flash , XD,

devices
memory portable
↳ secure
digital .
non volitive -

↳
Compact flash mass portable storage ,
not as popular
extreme digital digital photography relevant
↳
, ,
not

configurations •

Operate drives in different modes

-
Raid 0,1 5,10
,

Raid 0 -

striping , preform ance gain no fault tolerance

Raid 1 exact data
disk 142 fault tolerance
mirroring on
- -

, .

Raid 5-
Striping w/ parity , Min 3drives preformance { fault
-

Raid 10 mirroring w/ striping

-
 Motherboards Cpu's
3.5 Add On Cards
,
,

Motherboard Form Factors :

ATX advanced extended
technology " "
Standard motherboard 12 ✗ 9.6
•

MATX Micro ATX

9.6×9.6 less expansion slot , smaller
•

ITX { m / Tx information tech extended .

smaller than MATX , cars , Pi 's

Motherboard Connector Types :

Pcl peripheral component interconnect slot
-

expansion slot like sound / Video cards

PCIe PCI express
•

smaller , # after ✗ is how

many lanes (lbitp Cycle)
Riser card
if cards , plugs into board
you dont
-
have room for expansion
socket types
•

Land Grid Array -

pins on socket
•
Pin Grid Array -
-

pins on chip
-

Ball Grid Array -

not a socket, permanent

SATA serial advanced tech att .

Connect esata cables for drives

IDE integrated drive electronics
Slower Older tech ( PATA)
•

Front Panel Connector

front of
plug in on case
•

Internal USB connector

from motherboard to FP
Signal
-
BIOS / UEFI settings :
basic input / Output settings / Unified Extensible Firmware interface
Boot options
When first turn boot
begins
you process
•
on ,

Starts POST test , then finds 0s and load to RAM

•

diff boot options allow you to boot into diff 05

-

Uefi more user friendly

Firmware updates
•

update from render to update hardware

•
update on ROM chips for Sec .

Security settings
-

password to protect from BIOS

Interface configurations
•

Config UEFI firmware settings

bit locker, secure boot, boot
config
•

CMOS Battery
•

keeps power to mb that need power all time

resets UEFI
settings
-

CPU Features :
Single -
core
Smaller
systems microprocessor w/ single core chip
-

multi -
core
multiple cores process simultaneously
'

dual core has

•
2 CPU ,
could run 2 processes at same
time

virtualization
•

Virtual version of something guest ,

0s

•
turn on in BIOS / Uefi sett .
Hyper threading
trick
"
does
"
•
OS to think it has more cores than it

speeds
•

processor preform once in MHz or GHz

how times internal clock inside CPU ticks
many
•

in
cycles per second

Overclocking
inside BIOS settings tell computer to run faster
•

•
careful of Cpu temp } Voltage
Integrated GPU
•

integrated into the motherboard as part of chipset

Shares with CPU , more economical alt to ded GPU
memory
•
.
.

computability
•

AND advanced micro devices cheaper easier to

-

, ov clock
-

Intel power graphics processing speed & power better

-

, ,

cooling Mechanism :

Fans Heatsink , ,
thermal paste
•
Cpu get hot , thermal paste then heatsink then fan
Liquid
Tubing with
cooling liquid runs across CPU fans on
•

,
no
CPU

Expansion cards :
video card

display on screen HDMI VGA DVI 5- video RCA

•

sound card
•
to
get sound ,
analog digital fiber optics
duh
-
Software
firmware
NIC
need more ports
-

USB expansion card

give you more USB slots
•

ESATA card
-

external SATA connection for drive

3.6 Peripheral Types

Monitor
card
works in conjunction w/ graphics
•

Optical Drive Types

read 4 create disks
•

External Storage Drive

•

backups ,
media storage
KVM
Video config
Keyboard mouse Monitor use diff systems
•
.
,
, , ,

using the same peripherals

3. 7 Power Supply
Input 115 V VS .
22 OV
•

need to know whats coming from your wall

'

115 V is usually in US ,
if 220 it
might fry your circuits

Output 5v us . IZV
•
need power but not 115hr
•

(→AC for monitor)

AC → Dc
24 Pin motherboard adapter
-

ATX 24 pin power supply is standard

'

may need adapter (like 20 pin ←→ 24 pin )

wattage Rate
advertised 9# 9 power May need more less
on
wattage or
•
.
.
,

* more devices ,
more power (expansion cards fans ,
, higher GPU ,
CPU )

3. 8 Custom Pc config .

Graphic /CAD / CAM Design workstation :

SSD -

fast storage 1-2 TB ,

High -
end video great video cards
-

Maximum RAM -
32 -64 GB
Audio / video Editing workstation :
specialized audio 4 Video card audio channels -

large , fast HD -
SSD or cloud based
Dual monitors split content -

more Ram
Virtualization Workstation :
Plenty of RAM HD CPU cores Able to , ,
-
run almost 2

Computers
PC
Gaming :

SSD load games quickly { efficiently

-

dedicated GPU the most you can afford

-

HD sound card good sound quality

-

good cooling -

lots of fans or liquid Cooling

Network Attached Storage ( NAS ) :

provide extra storage

tons of Drive space HDD , RAID -

NIC Card -

lots of input & output

Thick client :

everything ran on this system CPD

•

at least recco mended components

Thin client :

Central , server based comp

done at
processing
•
.

Output just delivered to thin client

-
bare components fast network ,
3.9 Common Devices
Desktop :
thin client
backend network
processing running on over
•

thick client
•

most personal computers , processed locally

Laptop / common mobile devices :

Touchscreen config -
control panel > Tablet Pc settings
synchronization sett .
-

Cloud based app

3. 10 SOHO Devices
use appropriate drivers for given 05
•
half / full duplex listen OI talk V5 listen and
,
. talk
•
Collate -
the printed order
Device sharing
printers wired / wireless
•

integrated print server

"

•
Cloud printing
3. 11 Print Technologies
Laser Printer :

imaging drum transfers image w/ -

toner onto paper
f- user
assembly heated rollers that fuses the toner to paper
-

transfer belt -
in front of toner carts
transfer roller -
transfers the paper through
Sepe ration pad separates the top paper -

duplex assembly print on front 4 back -

process Clean neg charge to drum drum struck by

-

, ,
laser , toner on
img
transfer w/ Pos chrg fusing
, ,
heat { pressure to toner
maintenance -
replace toner , clean w/ gloves 4 brushes

Inkjet printer ;
ink cartridge -
holds ink , Print head talks to printer
print head -
nozzle to
spray ink ,
heated

roller -

pulls paper from tray

feeder -
feeds paper in

duplexing assembly print -

on both sides
held
carriage -
where ink carts are

belt -
attatch to cart to more

maintenance -
Clean heads 9-tipwwater replace cart clear jam
,
,

Thermal Printer :

thermo chromic paper special -

heat sensitive paper coated w/ Chem
feed assembly grabs paper -

heating element makes image w/ heat

-

maintenance - replace paper change heating,

elements , remove
debris
 ribbon
✓

Impact Printer : •a•er•)n

org
-
Hammer

print head part

-
makes contact w/ paper

ribbon -
ink ribbon between head { paper
tractor feed -
wheels paper stays on

impact printer -
holes on
edges
maintenance -

replace ribbon print

: head paper
,
,

virtual Printer :
digital copy -
file , Pdf ,
Xps , img

3D Printer :
Melt plastic to make 3D image

Quiz ?s :
single mode fiber =
faster { farther
mole ✗ =
power to older internal devices
shift + restart = UEFI menu

Sep pad
.
=

only top paper to be fed

 4. 1 Virtualization
Common Cloud models :

IAAS
-

infrastructure as a service , you buy a new PC

take care of 05 but not hardware
you
-

SAAS
•

Software as a service , you dont have to take care

cloud services
Of anything paying you
.
to use

PAAS
•

Platform as a service ,
dont take care of hardware
but
you use to test application

end user

app develop
.

net arch .

Cloud Models :
Public cloud
10W IT overhead
•

Scalability , lack of customization ,

potential latency
Private cloud
•

fully custom , high Sec ,

, good preform once , Capitol cost

,

highcloud
IT overhead
Hybrid flexability , no Capac hard compatibility
great
,
•
, ,

manage Sec .
Shared Resources :
WI Cloud Computing
•

.
On backend the clients
use .

shared physical resources

•

internal us . external
Rapid Elasticity
•
if you need more space w/ Cloud Computing
( more RAM ,
mem .
,
Cpu ) You put in request
On-Demand
"
demand
"

of
more or less
something
-

Resource pooling
Centralized
•
mem , CPU etc divided
, up
Measured services
provider needs
•

to know how they 11 Charge for

service
Metered
-

allow customers to customize virtualization

Off site
-

email applications
•
Off site -

, Cloud Computing
web , not app
easier to
sync access through
•

Cloud file storage service

Saas
, Sync apps (g / one drive dropbox)
•

Cloud based , on
•
cloud server

virtual Application streaming

•
the bits arent on Pc until tried to use it
•

break package into chunks and download specific

•
doesnt take hard space
cloud based applications
•

open web browser to access

•
like thin client app from cloud
,

process data
•
servers on backend store an
virtual Desktop
•

doesnt run directly on endpoint hardware

kinda like remote desktop
virtual NIC
•
Virtual Switch ,
Shoving into
through nice

Client
4. 2
.

Side Virtualization
Purpose Of Virtual Machine
•

testing malware analysis , lab , icons Of

enviro . .
resources ,

new OS Older software

. ,
software develop .

Resource Requirements
requirements host requirements
guest OS as well as
•
.

Emulator Requirements
tricking 0s into
thinking youre running hardware
-

emulator software
when its
really an
•

virtualization uses hardware directly

security Requirements
physical security who has physical access ?
'
-

•
network -
where does traffic go ?

what
•

App -
who can use apps

guest 0s see each

can other?
-

Network Requirements
•

Server or client ? how

many guest 0s ? what services are rn

type I Hv type 2 HV
running ?

Hypervisor
hosting multiple machines ? Consolidate resources
•

Type 1
hypervisor ( bare bones hardware , ,
HV guest Os)
,

Type 2
hypervisor ( OS in between hw host Os Hr guest Os)
• - - -

,
5. 1 meth ology w/ problems

* 1. identify the problem *

2. establish
theory of probable cause
3. test theory to determine cause
4. establish plan of action to resolve prob & impliment solution
5.
Verify full system functionality & preventive measures

6. document finds , actions , outcomes

1.
Identify the problem
•

question user ,
identify user changes
environmental or infrastructure changes review logs
•

2. Establish a theory of probable cause

•

question the obvious , conduct external or internal research

3. Test theory to determine cause
the
•
Once theory is confirmed determine next steps,

•
if theory doesnt work re do what you did to get
,
-
in og
state
4. establish plan of action
•

When , Who is affected , how

implementing
5.
Verify full system functionality
•
test and review

6. document
findings
SO what to do next time
you know
•
 motherboard ,
5. 2 troubleshoot [Link] , RAM ,Power

Unexpected Shutdowns
power supply overheating(8%8) Malware hardware driver
-

, ,
( safe mode )
system lockup
•

CPU temp hardware devices , malware

, ,
updated drivers
POST Code beeps
lookup manufacture codes
•

Black screen on boot up

•
Video cable Unplugged , monitor no power / bad
•
GPU bad power bad
,

1310s time {
setting resets
•
CMOS dead / dying
Attempt to boot to incorrect drive
bad / / Unplugged HD , partition isnt set , incorrect
missing
•

boot order

continuously Reboots
-

bad / incorrect driver ,

malware ,
bad RAM , hardware issue

NO power
Check cables / Source power supply going bad
•

Overheating
dust , Over clock , fans thermal paste
•

Loud Noise
•
hardware issue , Power supply HD ,
click ,
hitting fans
Intermittent device failure
•
driver issue , became loose or unseated , power , heating
firmware
Only fans
getting power
•
cables , heating issues ,
RAM issues , GPU , bad capacitor
Indicator lights
motherboard that prompts whats
lights on
you
'

wrong
Smoke or burning smell
capacitor fried power short circuits , elec surge
supply
•

,
,

dirt build up

Proprietary crash screen

death , driver Software
•

blue screen of .
thing ,
app frozen

Distended capacitor
•
When capacitors top open , cheap or old

log entries and error messages

•

windows event viewer ,

linux log files '
Mac =
Console app .

Hvar / 10g directory)

5. 3 troubleshoot HD { RAID
Read / write failures
•

loose cable , drive gone bad , power , malware

slow preform once
malware , old drives / fragmented logic ,
err , power , damaged drive
loud clicking noise
-
when read / write head cant write , power , data cable , bad HD drive
failure to boot drive not recognized
,

cable , power, boot files drive

BIOS settings
•

, ,

05 not found
•
data
corrupt , partition not active , 0s not installed , MBR damaged
RAID not found
•

BIOS incorrect , Controller fail power , faulty , drive

proprietary crash screen

•

blue screen death MAC , pinwheel

5. M A. R .
.
T errors
• Self -

monitoring analysis &

, report tech .
, warns
you of error , error codes
 Video Projector ,
5. 4 Troubleshoot display
VGA mode
•
640 V5 480 .

,
bad drivers , defualt to this mode for
troubleshoot
NO image on screen
-

cable issue , power issue ,

dedicated vs .
integrated
overheat shutdown
fans Over clock dirt
•

, ,

dead pixels
'

pressure on screen dust cracked malfunction

, , ,

Artifact
video card , soft / hardware driver
drawing errors
by
•

Incorrect color pattern overheating ,

Check w/ diff cables and monitors =

GPU
Dim image
settings power dirty projector tense ,
•

, ,

flickering image
low , VC driver , monitor / cable
refresh rate
might be set
-

destorted damage
image /geometry
-

power cable , EMF

, refresh rate ,
Sotware bad ,
monitor

Burn -
in

ghost image non moving image on screen

- -

oversized images
•
resolution software ,
issue / settings ,
display drivers
5. 5 troubleshoot mobile
device
no display / dim display
-

power , graphics ,
screen
damaged
flickering / distorted display
"
refresh rate , drivers
"

sticking keys
-

debris in keyboard
intermitten wireless
wireless card bad location Cable loose
•

.
,

battery not charging

battery gone bad Charger not
strong
•

, ,

ghostcurse drift rl pointer

'

malware , calibration issue ,

bad hardware
no power
power supply / adapter/ cable malware bad battery
-

, ,

MUM lights lock indicator

driver auto come on during Boot
•

no wireless connectivity / bluetooth

airplane mode , hard / Software switch
wrong settings
•

, ,

cant display to ext monitor Éard damage

.
,
screen

card BIOS , bent pins , cable , Fntf# , software

graphic
•
,

touchscreen not responsive

-

Calibrate ,
turned off , digitizer ,
driver , humid conditions
apps not
loading
from Cloud malware
not downloading no perm
•
.

, ,

slow preform once

•

malware /bloat ware too many processes old , physical dam .

, ,

Unable to decrypt email

•
Software Key , ,
no connection, device doesnt support encryption
Short battery
Overcharged going
-

, bad , apps in back

frozen system
driver power app 0s update HD,
-

, ,
, ,
RAM
NO sound from speakers
'

muted / turn down driver software, , ,

cable

5.6 troubleshoot printer

streaks
dirty roller -

, ,
head
ghost image
-
humid , drivers
creased paper
•
rollers phys ,
.

damage
paper jam
'

roller/ feeder, bad paper humid ,

garbled characters
•
bad drivers , print head

vertical lines
roller , head Fuser , drum
-

backed up que
Stalled job, memory network
•

cant install printer

permissions disk space
-

multiple fail jobs in logs

•

permissions ,
over quota , no paper
 Wired { Network prob
5.7 Wireless
limited connectivity
•
bad cables / connectors out of wireless range
,

no connectivity
•

Perm hardware , driver, wrong pass cable power

,
,
,

A- PIPA / link local

to DHCP
not talking server
-

intermittent connectivity
•
bad cables , connectors out of range
,

IP conflict
put IP but also in DHCP scope rogue Dtkr
•

manually in ,
.

Slow transfer speed

hub installed half duplex , wireless inf
Makes it
cabling
• - .

10W RF speeds
•
too far from AP interference
,

SSID not found

far from Ap
typing broadcasting
down , not
it
wrong too
•
or
,
SSID

final exam wrong ?s :

LCD lighting , Dc → Ac -
inverter

docking stations port replicator

--

GPS _-
global positioning system
used around cities MAN -

Voice , Video data

dig transmission ISDN
--
,

UEFI not eufi

transfer img- drum ,
heated rollers =
fuser