© Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–2.

The acceleration of a particle as it moves along a straight

line is given by a = 14t 3 - 12 m>s2, where t is in seconds. If
s = 2 m and v = 5 m>s when t = 0, determine the
particle’s velocity and position when t = 5 s. Also,
determine the total distance the particle travels during this
time period.

SOLUTION
v t
3
dv = (4 t - 1) dt
L5 L0
v = t4 - t + 5
s t
ds = (t4 - t + 5) dt
L2 L0
1 5 1
s = t - t2 + 5 t + 2
5 2
When t = 5 s,
v = 625 m>s Ans.
s = 639.5 m Ans.

Since v Z 0 then
d = 639.5 - 2 = 637.5 m Ans.

Ans:
v = 625 m>s
s = 639.5 m
d = 637.5 m

2
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–13.

The acceleration of a particle as it moves along a straight

line is given by a = (2t - 1) m>s2, where t is in seconds. If
s = 1 m and v = 2 m>s when t = 0, determine the
particle’s velocity and position when t = 6 s. Also,
determine the total distance the particle travels during this
time period.

Solution
a = 2t - 1

dv = a dt
v t

L2 L0
dv = (2t - 1)dt

v = t2 - t + 2

dx = v dt
s t

Lt L0
ds = (t2 - t + 2)dt

1 3 1
s = t - t 2 + 2t + 1
3 2

When t = 6 s

v = 32 m>s Ans.
s = 67 m Ans.

Since v ≠ 0 for 0 … t … 6 s, then

d = 67 - 1 = 66 m Ans.

Ans:
v = 32 m>s
s = 67 m
d = 66 m

13
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–15.

A particle is moving along a straight line such that its

velocity is defined as v = ( - 4s2) m>s, where s is in meters.
If s = 2 m when t = 0, determine the velocity and
acceleration as functions of time.

SOLUTION
v = - 4s2

ds
= - 4s2
dt
s t
s - 2 ds = - 4 dt
L2 L0

- s - 1| s2 = - 4t|t0

1 -1
t = (s - 0.5)
4

2
s =
8t + 1
2
2 16
v = -4a b = - m>s Ans.
8t + 1 (8t + 1)2

dv 16(2)(8t + 1)(8) 256

a = = = m>s2 Ans.
dt (8t + 1)4 (8t + 1)3

Ans:
16
v = m>s
(8t + 1)2
256
a= m>s2
(8t + 1)3

15
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–19. The acceleration of a rocket traveling upward is

given by a = (6 + 0.02s) m>s2, where s is in meters. Determine
the rocket’s velocity when s = 2 km and the time needed to
reach this attitude. Initially, v = 0 and s = 0 when t = 0.

SOLUTION

b 6 m>s2 c 0.02 s- 2 sp1 2000 m

dvp
ap b  c sp vp s
dsp

vp sp
´ ´
µ vp dvp µ b  c sp dsp
¶ ¶
0 0

2
vp c 2
b sp  sp
2 2

dsp 2 2
vp 2b sp  c sp vp1 2b sp1  c sp1 vp1 322.49 m>s Ans.
dt

sp sp1
µ́ 1 µ́ 1
t dsp t1 dsp t1 19.27 s Ans.
µ 2 µ 2
µ 2b sp  c sp µ 2b sp  c sp
¶ ¶
0 0

Ans:
m
vp1 = 322.49
s
t1 = 19.27 s

19
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–25.

A particle is moving along a straight line such that its

acceleration is defined as a = (-2v) m>s2, where v is in
meters per second. If v = 20 m>s when s = 0 and t = 0,
determine the particle’s position, velocity, and acceleration
as functions of time.

Solution
a = - 2v
dv
= - 2v
dt
v t

L20 v L0
dv
= -2 dt

v
ln = -2t
20

v = ( 20e -2t ) m>s Ans.

dv
a = = ( - 40e -2t ) m>s2 Ans.
dt
s t

L0 L0
ds = v dt = (20e-2t)dt

s = - 10e -2t  t0 = - 10 ( e -2t - 1 )

s = 10 ( 1 - e -2t ) m Ans.

Ans:
v = ( 20e -2t ) m>s
a = ( - 40e -2t ) m>s2
s = 10 ( 1 - e -2t ) m

25
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–31.

The velocity of a particle traveling along a straight line is

v = v0 - ks, where k is constant. If s = 0 when t = 0,
determine the position and acceleration of the particle as a
function of time.

SOLUTION
Position:

A:
+ B ds
dt =
y
t s
ds
dt =
L0 L0 0 - ks
v

ln (v0 - ks) 2
s
1
tt0 = -
k 0

ln ¢ ≤
1 v0
t =
k v0 - ks
v0
ekt =
v0 - ks

A 1 - e - kt B
v0
s = Ans.
k
Velocity:

c A 1 - e - kt B d
ds d v0
v = =
dt dt k
v = v0e - kt

Acceleration:

A v e - kt B
dv d
a = =
dt dt 0
a = -kv0e - kt Ans.

Ans:
v0
s = ( 1 - e - kt )
k
a = - kv0e - kt

31
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–35.

A train starts from station A and for the first kilometer, it

travels with a uniform acceleration. Then, for the next two
kilometers, it travels with a uniform speed. Finally, the train
decelerates uniformly for another kilometer before coming
to rest at station B. If the time for the whole journey is six
minutes, draw the v - t graph and determine the maximum
speed of the train.

SOLUTION
For stage (1) motion,

+ B
A: v1 = v0 + 1ac21t
vmax = 0 + 1ac21t1
vmax = 1ac21t1 (1)
A + B v12 = v02 + 21ac211s1 - s02
:
vmax 2 = 0 + 21ac2111000 - 02
vmax 2
1ac21 = (2)
2000

Eliminating 1ac21 from Eqs. (1) and (2), we have

2000
t1 = (3)
vmax

For stage (2) motion, the train travels with the constant velocity of vmax for
t = 1t2 - t12. Thus,

+ B 1
A: s2 = s1 + v1t + 1a 2 t2
2 c 2
1000 + 2000 = 1000 + vmax1t2 - t12 + 0
2000
t2 - t1 = (4)
vmax

For stage (3) motion, the train travels for t = 360 - t2. Thus,

+ B
A: v3 = v2 + 1ac23t
0 = vmax - 1ac231360 - t22
vmax = 1ac231360 - t22 (5)
A + B v32 = v22 + 21ac231s3 - s22
:
0 = vmax 2 + 23 - 1ac23414000 - 30002
vmax 2
1ac23 = (6)
2000

Eliminating 1ac23 from Eqs. (5) and (6) yields

2000
360 - t2 = (7)
vmax

Solving Eqs. (3), (4), and (7), we have

t1 = 120 s t2 = 240 s
vmax = 16.7 m>s Ans.
Based on the above results, the v-t graph is shown in Fig. a. Ans:
v = vmax for 2 min < t < 4 min. vmax = 16.7 m>s

35
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–43.

The v–t graph for a particle moving through an electric field smax
from one plate to another has the shape shown in the figure.
The acceleration and deceleration that occur are constant
and both have a magnitude of 4 m>s2. If the plates are v
spaced 200 mm apart, determine the maximum velocity vmax
and the time t¿ for the particle to travel from one plate to vmax s
the other. Also draw the s–t graph. When t = t¿>2 the
particle is at s = 100 mm.

SOLUTION
ac = 4 m/s2 t
t¿/ 2 t¿
s
= 100 mm = 0.1 m
2

v2 = v20 + 2 ac(s - s0)

v2max = 0 + 2(4)(0.1 - 0)

vmax = 0.89442 m>s = 0.894 m>s Ans.

v = v0 + ac t¿

t¿
0.89442 = 0 + 4( )
2

t¿ = 0.44721 s = 0.447 s Ans.

1
s = s0 + v0 t + a t2
2 c

1
s = 0 + 0 + (4)(t)2
2

s = 2 t2

0.44721
When t = = 0.2236 = 0.224 s,
2

s = 0.1 m
v t
ds = - 4 dt
L0.894 L0.2235

v = -4 t +1.788
s t
ds = 1 -4t + 1.7882 dt
L0.1 L0.2235

s = - 2 t2 + 1.788 t - 0.2

When t = 0.447 s,

s = 0.2 m Ans.

Ans:
vmax = 0.894 m>s
t = = 0.447 s
s = 0.2 m

43
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–51.

The race car starts from rest and travels along a straight v (m/s)
road until it reaches a speed of 26 m>s in 8 s as shown on the 6
v–t graph. The flat part of the graph is caused by shifting
gears. Draw the a–t graph and determine the maximum
acceleration of the car.
26
v  4t  6

14
v  3.5t

Solution
For 0 … t 6 4 s t (s)
4 5 8
∆v 14
a = = = 3.5 m>s2
∆t 4
For 4 s … t 6 5 s
∆v
a = = 0
∆t
For 5 s … t 6 8 s
∆v 26 - 14
a = = = 4 m>s2
∆t 8 - 5
a max = 4.00 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
amax = 4.00 m>s2

55
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–62. The motion of a train is described by the a–s graph

shown. Draw the v–s graph if v = 0 at s = 0. a (m/s2)

s (m)
300 600

Solution
v–s Graph. The v- s function can be determined by integrating v dv = a ds.
3 1
For 0 … s 6 300 m, a = a bs = a s b m>s2. Using the initial condition
300 100
v = 0 at s = 0,
v s

L0 L0
1
v dv = a s b ds
100
v2 1 2
= s
2 200
1
v = e s f m>s Ans.
10

At s = 300 m,

1
v  s = 300 m = (300) = 30 m>s
10
a - 3 0 - 3 1
For 300 m 6 s … 600 m, = ;a = e- s + 6 f m>s2, using the
s - 300 600 - 300 100
initial condition v = 30 m>s at s = 300 m,

v s

L30 m>s L300 m

1
v dv = a- s + 6b ds
100
2 v s
v 1 2
` = a- s + 6 sb `
2 30 m>s 200 300 m

v2 1 2
- 450 = 6 s - s - 1350
2 200
1 2
v = e 12s - s - 1800 f m>s Ans.
A 100

At s = 600 m,

1
v = 12 (600) - ( 6002 ) - 1800 = 42.43 m>s
A 100

Using these results, the v - s graph shown in Fig. a can be plotted.

Ans:
1
v = e s f m>s
10

67
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–65. The v–s graph for a test vehicle is shown. Determine v (m/s)
its acceleration when s = 100 m and when s = 175 m.

50

s (m)
SOLUTION 150 200
1
0 … s … 150 m: n = s
3

1
dn = ds
3

n dn = a ds

1 1
s a ds b = a ds
3 3

1
a = s
9

1
At s = 100 m, a = (100) = 11.1 m>s2 Ans.
9

150 m … s … 200 m; n = 200 - s,

dn = - ds

n dn = a ds

(200 - s)( - ds) = a ds

a = s - 200

At s = 175 m, a = 175 - 200 = - 25 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
At s = 100 m, a = 11.1 m>s2
At s = 175 m, a = -25 m>s2

70
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–74. A particle is traveling with a velocity of

v = 5 32te-0.2t i + 4e-0.8t j 6 m>s, where t is in seconds.
2

Determine the magnitude of the particle’s displacement

from t = 0 to t = 3 s. Use Simpson’s rule with n = 100 to
evaluate the integrals. What is the magnitude of the
particle’s acceleration when t = 2 s?

SOLUTION

Given: a 3 m>s3> 2 b 0.2 s- 1 c 4 m>s d 0.8 s- 2 t1 3s t2 2s

n 100

Displacement
t1
´
t1 ´ 2
x1
bt
µ a t e dt x1 7.34 m y1 µ c ed t dt y1 3.96 m
¶0 ¶0

2 2
d1 x1  y1 d1 8.34 m Ans.

Acceleration

d bt a bt bt a b t2§ 1 ·
ax a te e  ab te ax2 e ¨  b t2¸
dt 2 t t2 ©2 ¹

d § dt
2· 2 d t2
2
dt
ay ©c e ¹ 2c d t e ay2 2c d t2 e
dt

2 2
ax2 0.14 m>s2 ay2 0.52 m>s2 a2 ax2  ay2 a2 0.541 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
d1 = 8.34 m,
a2 = 0.541 m>s2

80
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–78.

A rocket is fired from rest at x = 0 and travels along a

parabolic trajectory described by y2 = [120(103)x] m. If the
1
x component of acceleration is ax = a t2 b m>s2, where t is
4
in seconds, determine the magnitude of the rocket’s velocity
and acceleration when t = 10 s.

SOLUTION
Position: The parameter equation of x can be determined by integrating ax twice
with respect to t.

dvx = axdt
L L
vx t
1 2
dvx = t dt
L0 L0 4
1 3
vx = a t b m>s
12

dx = vxdt
L L
x t
1 3
dx = t dt
L0 L0 12
1 4
x = a t bm
48

Substituting the result of x into the equation of the path,

1 4
y2 = 120 A 103 B a t b
48
y = A 50t2 B m

Velocity:
# d
vy = y = A 50t2 B = A 100t B m>s
dt
When t = 10 s,

1
vx = A 103 B = 83.33 m>s vy = 100(10) = 1000 m>s
12
Thus, the magnitude of the rocket’s velocity is

v = 2vx 2 + vy2 = 283.332 + 10002 = 1003 m>s Ans.

Acceleration:
# d
ay = vy = (100t) = 100 m>s2
dt
When t = 10 s,
1
ax = A 102 B = 25 m>s2
4 Ans:
Thus, the magnitude of the rocket’s acceleration is v = 1003 m>s
a = 103 m>s2
a = 2ax 2 + ay2 = 2252 + 1002 = 103 m>s2 Ans.
84
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–85.

It is observed that the time for the ball to strike the ground vA
at B is 2.5 s. Determine the speed vA and angle uA at which A uA
the ball was thrown. 1.2 m
B
50 m

SOLUTION
Coordinate System: The x–y coordinate system will be set so that its origin coincides
with point A.

x-Motion: Here, (vA)x = vA cos uA, xA = 0, xB = 50 m, and t = 2.5 s. Thus,

+ B
A: xB = xA + (vA)xt
50 = 0 + vA cos uA(2.5)
vA cos uA = 20 (1)

y-Motion: Here, (vA)y = vA sin uA, yA = 0 , yB = -1.2 m, and ay = -g

= - 9.81 m>s2. Thus,
1
A+cB yB = yA + (vA)y t + a t2
2 y
1
- 1.2 = 0 + vA sin uA (2.5) + ( -9.81) A 2.52 B
2
vA sin uA = 11.7825 (2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

uA = 30.5° vA = 23.2 m>s Ans.

Ans:
vA = 23.2 m>s

91
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

0
12-90.
A projectile is given a velocity v0 . Determine the angle f at y
which it should be launched so that d is a maximum. The
acceleration due to gravity is g.

v0
φ
θ
SOLUTION x
d
+ B
A: sx = s0 + v0 t

d cos u = 0 + v0 (cos f) t

1 2
A+cB sy = s0 + v0 t + at
2 c

1
d sin u = 0 + v0 (sin f)t + ( - g)t2
2

Thus,

d cos u 1 d cos u 2
d sin u = v0 sin f a b - ga b
v0 cos f 2 v0 cos f

gd cos2 u
sin u = cos u tan f -
2v 20 cos2 f

2v 20 cos2 f
d = (cos u tan f - sin u)
g cos2 u

v 20
d = A sin 2f - 2 tan u cos2 f B
g cos u

Require:

d(d) v 20
= C cos 2f(2) - 2 tan u(2 cos f)(- sin f) D = 0
df g cos u

cos 2f + tan u sin 2f = 0

sin 2f
tan u + 1 = 0
cos 2f

tan 2f = - ctn u

1
f = tan - 1 (- ctn u) Ans.
2

Ans:
1
f = tan - 1(- ctn u)
2

96
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–102.

The man at A wishes to throw two darts at the target at B so 5m

that they arrive at the same time. If each dart is thrown with
uC C
a speed of 10 m>s, determine the angles uC and uD at which
they should be thrown and the time between each throw.
uD D
Note that the first dart must be thrown at uC 1 7uD2, then A
the second dart is thrown at uD . B

SOLUTION
+ )
(: s = s0 + v0t

5 = 0 + (10 cos u) t (1)

(+ c ) v = v0 + act

-10 sin u = 10 sin u - 9.81 t

2(10 sin u)
t = = 2.039 sin u
9.81

From Eq. (1),

5 = 20.39 sin u cos u

Since sin 2u = 2 sin u cos u

sin 2u = 0.4905

The two roots are uD = 14.7° Ans.

uC = 75.3° Ans.

From Eq. (1): tD = 0.517 s

tC = 1.97 s

So that ¢t = tC - tD = 1.45 s Ans.

Ans:
uD = 14.7°
uC = 75.3°
∆t = 1.45 s

109
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–114. The car travels along the curve having a radius of

300 m. If its speed is uniformly increased from 15 m>s to 20 m/s
27 m>s in 3 s, determine the magnitude of its acceleration at
the instant its speed is 20 m>s.

300 m

Solution

v1 15 m>s t 3s

R 300 m
v2 27 m>s

v3 20 m>s

2
v2  v1 v3 2 2
at an a at  an a 4.22 m>s2 Ans.
t R

Ans:
a = 4.22 m/s2

123
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–119.

The motorcycle is traveling at 1 m>s when it is at A. If the y

#
speed is then increased at n = 0.1 m>s2, determine its speed y 0.5x2
and acceleration at the instant t = 5 s.

SOLUTION x
2 A
at = n = 0.1 m>s

1 2
s = s0 + n0 t + at
2 c

1
s = 0 + 1(5) + (0.1)(5)2 = 6.25 m
2
6.25 x
dy 2
ds = 1 + a b dx
L0 L0 A dx

y = 0.5x2

dy
= x
dx
2
dy
2
= 1
dx
x
6.25 = 31 + x2 dx
L0

1 x
6.25 = cx 31 + x2 + 1n ax + 31 + x2 b d
2 0

x 31 + x2 + 1n a x + 31 + x2 b = 12.5

Solving,

x = 3.184 m

3
dy 2 2
c1 + a b d 3
dx [1 + x2]2
r = = ` = 37.17 m
d2y |1| x = 3.184
` `
dx2

n = n0 + act

= 1 + 0.1(5) = 1.5 m>s Ans.

n2 (1.5)2
an = = = 0.0605 m>s2
r 37.17

a = 310.122 + 10.060522 = 0.117 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
v = 1.5 m>s
a = 0.117 m>s2

128
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–136.

The motorcycle is traveling at a constant speed of 60 km> h. y

Determine the magnitude of its acceleration when it is at y2  2x
A
point A.

x
25 m

SOLUTION
Radius of Curvature:

y = 22x1>2

dy 1
= 22x - 1>2
dx 2

d2y 1
= - 22x - 3>2
dx2 4
2 3>2
dy 2 3>2 1
B1 + a b R B 1 + ¢ 22x - 1>2 ≤ R
dx 2
r = = 4 = 364.21 m
d2y 1
` ` `- 22x - 3>2 `
dx2 4 x = 25 m

Acceleration: The speed of the motorcycle at a is

km 1000 m 1h
v = ¢ 60 ≤¢ ≤¢ ≤ = 16.67 m>s
h 1 km 3600 s

v2 16.672
an = = = 0.7627 m>s2
r 364.21

Since the motorcycle travels with a constant speed, at = 0. Thus, the magnitude of
the motorcycle’s acceleration at A is

a = 2at 2 + an2 = 202 + 0.76272 = 0.763 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
a = 0.763 m>s2

145
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–141.

The race car has an initial speed vA = 15 m>s at A. If it

increases its speed along the circular track at the rate
a t = 10.4s2 m>s2, where s is in meters, determine the time
needed for the car to travel 20 m. Take r = 150 m.

SOLUTION s
A
n dn
at = 0.4s =
ds

a ds = n dn
s n
0.4s ds = n dn
L0 L15

0.4s2 s n2 n
` = `
2 0 2 15

0.4s2 n2 225
= -
2 2 2

n2 = 0.4s2 + 225

ds
n = = 20.4s2 + 225
dt
s t
ds
= dt
L0 20.4s2 + 225 L0
s
ds
= 0.632 456t
L0 2s + 562.5
2
s
1n (s + 2s2 + 562.5) ` = 0.632 456t
0
1n (s + 2s2 + 562.5) - 3.166 196 = 0.632 456t

At s = 20 m,

t = 1.21 s Ans.

Ans:
t = 1.21 s

150
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–150.

Particles A and B are traveling counterclockwise around a A

circular track at a constant speed of 8 m>s. If at sA
the instant shown the speed of A begins to increase by
(at)A =(0.4sA) m>s2, where sA is in meters, determine the
distance measured counterclockwise along the track from B u  120
sB
to A when t = 1 s. What is the magnitude of the
acceleration of each particle at this instant?
B

SOLUTION r5m

Distance Traveled: Initially the distance between the particles is

120°
d0 = rdu = 5a bp = 10.47 m
180°
When t = 1 s, B travels a distance of
dB = 8(1) = 8 m
The distance traveled by particle A is determined as follows:
vdv = ads
v s
vdv = 0.4 sds
L8 m>s L0
v = 0.6325 2s2 + 160 (1)
ds
dt =
v
t s
ds
dt =
L0 L0 0.6325 2s2 + 160

£ In C S≥
1 2s2 + 160 + s
1 =
0.6325 2160

s = 8.544 m
Thus the distance between the two cyclists after t = 1 s is

d = 10.47 + 8.544 - 8 = 11.0 m Ans.

Acceleration:

For A, when t = 1 s,

A a t B A = vA = 0.4 A 8.544 B = 3.4176 m>s2

#

vA = 0.6325 28.5442 + 160 = 9.655 m>s

v2A 9.6552
(a n)A = = = 18.64 m>s2
r 5
The magnitude of the A’s acceleration is

aA = 23.41762 + 18.642 = 19.0 m>s2 Ans.

For B, when t = 1 s,

A at B B = vA = 0
#

v2B 82
(an)B = = = 12.80 m>s2 Ans:
r 5
d = 11.0 m
The magnitude of the B’s acceleration is
aA = 19.0 m>s2
aB = 202 + 12.802 = 12.8 m>s2 Ans. aB = 12.8 m>s2

160
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–155.

If a particle’s position is described by the polar coordinates

r = 411 + sin t2 m and u = 12e -t2 rad, where t is in seconds
and the argument for the sine is in radians, determine the
radial and transverse components of the particle’s velocity
and acceleration when t = 2 s.

SOLUTION
When t = 2 s,

r = 4(1 +sin t) = 7.637

#
r = 4 cos t = -1.66459
$
r = -4 sin t = -3.6372

u = 2 e-t
#
u = - 2 e - t = - 0.27067
$
u = 2 e-t = 0.270665
#
vr = r = -1.66 m>s Ans.
#
vu = ru = 7.637( - 0.27067) = - 2.07 m>s Ans.
$ #
ar = r - r1u22 = - 3.6372 - 7.6371- 0.2706722 = - 4.20 m>s2 Ans.
$ ##
au = ru + 2ru = 7.63710.2706652 + 21- 1.6645921- 0.270672 = 2.97 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
vr = - 1.66 m>s
vu = -2.07 m>s
ar = - 4.20 m>s
au = 2.97 m/s2

165
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–167.

The slotted link is pinned# at O, and as a result of the

constant angular velocity u = 3 rad>s it drives the peg P for
a short distance along the spiral guide r = 10.4 u2 m, where
u is in radians. Determine the radial and transverse 0.5 m P
components of the velocity and acceleration of P at the
instant u = p>3 rad. r
· r  0.4u
u  3 rad/s

SOLUTION u
#
u = 3 rad>s r = 0.4 u
# O
#
r = 0.4 u
$ $
r = 0.4 u

p
At u = , r = 0.4189
3
#
r = 0.4(3) = 1.20
$
r = 0.4(0) = 0
#
v = r = 1.20 m>s Ans.
#
vu = r u = 0.4189(3) = 1.26 m>s Ans.
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = 0 - 0.4189(3)2 = - 3.77 m>s2 Ans.
$ ##
au = r u + 2ru = 0 + 2(1.20)(3) = 7.20 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
vr = 1.20 m>s
vu = 1.26 m>s
ar = - 3.77 m>s2
au = 7.20 m>s2

177
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–172.

A cameraman standing at A is following the movement of a vB 30 m/s

race car, B, which is traveling around a curved track at
# a
constant speed of 30 m>s. Determine the angular rate u at
BB
which the man must turn in order to keep the camera
directed on the car at the instant u = 30°. 2020
mm r r
2020
mm

AA uu
2020
mm 2020
mm
SOLUTION
r = 2(20) cos u = 40 cos u
# #
r = -(40 sin u ) u
# #
v = r u r + r u uu
# #
v = 2(r)2 + (r u)2
# #
(30)2 = ( - 40 sin u)2 (u)2 + (40 cos u)2 (u)2
#
(30)2 = (40)2 [sin2 u + cos2 u](u)2

# 30
u = = 0.75 rad>s Ans.
40

Ans:
#
u = 0.75 rad>s

182
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–179.

The rod OA rotates # counterclockwise with a constant · y

u  5 rad/s
angular velocity of u = 5 rad>s. Two pin-connected slider
blocks, located at B, move freely on OA and the curved rod
whose shape is a limaçon described by the equation A
r = 100(2 − cos u) mm. Determine the speed of the slider
blocks at the instant u = 120°. B
r
u

x
O
Solution
#
u = 5
r = 100(2 - cos u)
# #
r = 100 sin uu = 500 sin u r  100 (2  cos u) mm
$ #
r = 500 cos uu = 2500 cos u
At u = 120°,
#
vr = r = 500 sin 120° = 433.013
#
vu = ru = 100 (2 - cos 120°)(5) = 1250
v = 2(433.013)2 + (1250)2 = 1322.9 mm>s = 1.32 m>s Ans.

Ans:
v = 1.32 m>s

189
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–186.

A truck is traveling along the horizontal circular curve of

radius r = 60 m with a speed of 20 m>s which is increasing
at 3 m>s2. Determine the truck’s radial and transverse
components of acceleration. ·
u

r  60 m
u

SOLUTION
r = 60

at = 3 m>s2

n2 (20)2
an = = = 6.67 m>s2
r 60

ar = -an = -6.67 m>s2 Ans.

au = at = 3 m>s2 Ans.

Ans:
ar = - 6.67 m>s2
au = 3 m>s2

196
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–200.

If the end of the cable at A is pulled down with a speed of

2 m>s, determine the speed at which block B rises.
D
C

A
2 m/s

SOLUTION
Position-Coordinate Equation: Datum is established at fixed pulley D. The
position of point A, block B and pulley C with respect to datum are sA, sB, and sC B
respectively. Since the system consists of two cords, two position-coordinate
equations can be derived.

(sA - sC) + (sB - sC) + sB = l1 (1)

sB + sC = l2 (2)

Eliminating sC from Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

sA + 4sB = l1 = 2l2

Time Derivative: Taking the time derivative of the above equation yields

vA + 4vB = 0 (3)

Since vA = 2 m>s, from Eq. (3)

(+ T) 2 + 4vB = 0

vB = - 0.5 m>s = 0.5 m>s c Ans.

Ans:
vB = 0.5 m>s

210
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12-203.
12–206. If Ifblock
blockAAis is moving
moving downward
downward withwith a speed
a speed of
of 4 fts
2while
ms Cwhile C is moving
is moving up, determine
up at 2 fts at 1 ms, determine the
the speed of speed
block B.
of block B.

B
Solution C
A
S! 2S" S#  L

v! 2v" v#  0

2 2v" 1  0
Ans.
v"  0.5 ms  0.5 ms C

Ans:
2 + 2vB - 1 = 0

213
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–206.

The motor draws in the cable at C with a constant velocity

of vC = 4 m>s. The motor draws in the cable at D with a
constant acceleration of aD = 8 m>s2. If vD = 0 when t = 0, C
determine (a) the time needed for block A to rise 3 m, and
(b) the relative velocity of block A with respect to block B
when this occurs. D

Solution A
(a) aD = 8 m>s2

vD = 8 t

sD = 4 t 2

sD + 2sA = l
∆sD = - 2∆sA (1)

∆sA = -2 t 2

- 3 = -2 t 2

t = 1.2247 = 1.22 s Ans.

(b) vA = sA = - 4 t = - 4(1.2247) = - 4.90 m>s = 4.90 m>s c

sB + (sB - sC) = l

2vB = vC = - 4

vB = - 2 m>s = 2 m>s c
( + T ) vA = vB + vA>B
- 4.90 = - 2 + vA>B

vA>B = - 2.90 m>s = 2.90 m>s c Ans.

Ans:
vA>B = 2.90 m>s c

216
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–211.

The crate C is being lifted by moving the roller at A 4m

downward with a constant speed of vA = 2 m>s along the
guide. Determine the velocity and acceleration of the crate B
at the instant s = 1 m. When the roller is at B, the crate
rests on the ground. Neglect the size of the pulley in the xA
calculation. Hint: Relate the coordinates xC and xA using xC
the problem geometry, then take the first and second time 4m
A
derivatives.
C
SOLUTION s
xC + 2x2A + (4) = l
2

# 1 #
xC + (x2A + 16) - 1/2(2xA)(xA) = 0
2

$ 1 # 2 # 2 $
xC - (x2A + 16) - 3/2 (2x2A)(xA ) + (x2A + 16) - 1/2 (xA) + (x2A + 16) - 1/2 (xA)(xA) = 0
2

l = 8 m , and when s = 1 m ,

xC = 3 m

xA = 3 m
#
vA = xA = 2 m>s
$
aA = x A = 0

Thus,

vC + [(3)2 + 16] - 1/2 (3)(2) = 0

vC = - 1.2 m>s = 1.2 m>s c Ans.

aC - [(3)2 + 16] - 3/2 (3)2(2)2 + [(3)2 + 16] - 1/2 (2)2 + 0 = 0

aC = - 0.512 m>s2 = 0.512 m>s2 c Ans.

Ans:
vC = 1.2 m>s c
aC = 0.512 m>s2 c

221
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–220.

Two planes, A and B, are flying at the same altitude. If their

velocities are vA = 500 km>h and vB = 700 km>h such
that the angle between their straight-line courses is u = 60°,
determine the velocity of plane B with respect to plane A. A
vA  500 km/h

vB  700 km/h
60

Solution B

Relative Velocity. Express vA and vB in Cartesian vector form,

vA = 5-500 j 6 km>h

vB = 5700 sin 60°i + 700 cos 60°j6 km>h = 5 35023i + 350j 6 km>h
Applying the relative velocity equation.

vB = vA + vB>A

35023i + 350j = - 500j + vB>A

vB>A = 5 35023i + 850j 6 km>h

Thus, the magnitude of vB>A is

vB>A = 2(35013)2 + 8502 = 1044.03 km>h = 1044 km>h Ans.

And its direction is defined by angle u, Fig. a.

850
u = tan-1 a b = 54.50° = 54.5° a Ans.
35023

Ans:
vB>A = 1044 km>h
u = 54.5°a

230
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–224. At the instant shown car A is traveling with a

velocity of 30 m>s and has an acceleration of 2 m>s2 along
the highway. At the same instant B is traveling on the
trumpet interchange curve with a speed of 15 m>s, which is
decreasing at 0.8 m>s2. Determine the relative velocity and
relative acceleration of B with respect to A at this instant.

B r 250 m

60

Solution

§ vA · § aA ·
vAv ¨ ¸ aAv ¨ ¸
©0¹ ©0¹
2
§ cos T · § cos T · vB § sin T ·
vBv vB¨ ¸ aBv v'B ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
© sin T ¹ © sin T ¹ U © cos T ¹

vA 30 m>s

vB 15 m>s

aA 2 m>s2

v'B 0.8 m>s2

U 250 m

T 60 °

§ 22.5 ·
vBA vBv  vAv vBA ¨ ¸ m>s vBA 26.0 Ans.
© 12.99 ¹
§ 1.621 · 2
aBA aBv  aAv aBA ¨ ¸ m>s aBA 1.983 m>s2 Ans.
© 1.143 ¹

Ans:
vBA 26.0

aBA 1.983 m>s2

234
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–234.

Car B is traveling along the curved road with a speed of

15 m>s while decreasing its speed at 2 m>s2. At this same A 45
25 m/s
instant car C is traveling along the straight road with a
1.5 m/s2
speed of 30 m>s while decelerating at 3 m>s2. Determine the
velocity and acceleration of car B relative to car C. r 100 m 3 m/s2
30
2 m/s2 C
B 30 m/s

15 m/s
SOLUTION
Velocity: The velocity of cars B and C expressed in Cartesian vector form are

vB = [15 cos 60° i - 15 sin 60° j] m>s = [7.5i - 12.99j] m>s

vC = [-30j] m>s

Applying the relative velocity equation,

vB = vC + vB>C

7.5i - 12.99j = - 30j + vB>C

vB>C = [7.5i + 17.01j] m>s

Thus, the magnitude of vB/C is given by

vB>C = 27.52 + 17.012 = 18.6 m>s Ans.

and the direction angle uv that vB/C makes with the x axis is

17.01
uv = tan - 1 a b = 66.2° a Ans.
7.5

vB 2
Acceleration: The normal component of car B’s acceleration is (aB)n =
r
152
= = 2.25 m>s2. Thus, the tangential and normal components of car B’s
100
acceleration and the acceleration of car C expressed in Cartesian vector form are

(aB)t = [- 2 cos 60° i + 2 sin 60°j] = [-1i + 1.732j] m>s2

(aB)n = [2.25 cos 30° i + 2.25 sin 30° j] = [1.9486i + 1.125j] m>s2

aC = [3j] m>s2

Applying the relative acceleration equation,

aB = aC + aB>C

(- 1i + 1.732j) + (1.9486i + 1.125j) = 3j + aB>C

aB>C = [0.9486i - 0.1429j] m>s2

Thus, the magnitude of aB/C is given by

aB>C = 20.94862 + ( -0.1429)2 = 0.959 m>s2 Ans.

and the direction angle ua that aB/C makes with the x axis is
Ans:
0.1429
ua = tan - 1 a b = 8.57° c Ans. vB>C = 18.6 m>s
d
0.9486 uv = 66.2
aB/C = 0.959 m>s2
ua = 8.57 d

244