(a) The pictures show four objects. Each object has had its shape changed.
1.
Which of the objects are storing elastic potential energy?
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Explain the reason for your choice or choices.
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(3)
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(b) A student makes a simple spring balance. To make a scale, the student uses a range of
weights. Each weight is put onto the spring and the position of the pointer marked
The graph below shows how increasing the weight made the pointer move further.
(i) Which one of the following is the unit of weight?.
Draw a ring around your answer.
joule kilogram newton watt
(1)
(ii) What range of weights did the student use?
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(1)
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(iii) How far does the pointer move when 4 units of weight are on the spring?
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(1)
(iv) The student ties a stone to the spring. The spring stretches 10 cm.
What is the weight of the stone?
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(1)
(Total 7 marks)
A student finds some information about energy-saving light bulbs.
2.
(a) A 30W light bulb uses 600J of electrical energy in a certain period of time. In that time, it
produces 450 J of light energy. The rest of the energy is wasted.
(i) Calculate the energy wasted by the light bulb in this period of time.
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Wasted energy = _________________ J
(1)
(ii) What happens to the energy wasted by the light bulb?
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(1)
(iii) Calculate the efficiency of this light bulb.
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Efficiency = ______________________________
(2)
(iv) Calculate the period of time, in seconds, during which the 600 J is provided to the
30 W light bulb.
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Time = _____________ s
(2)
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(b) A company that makes light bulbs provides information about some of their products.
The table shows some of this information.
Power in watts Lifetime in hours Cost of bulb in £
Filament bulb 60 1250 2.00
LED bulb 12 50 000 16.00
(i) Suggest why it is important to confirm this information independently.
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(1)
(ii) A homeowner is thinking about replacing his filament bulbs with LED bulbs.
A 12 W LED bulb gives the same light output as a 60 W filament bulb.
Suggest reasons why the homeowner is likely to choose LED bulbs.
Use the information given in the table.
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(2)
(iii) State one factor, other than efficiency, that is important when considering the choice
of a bulb for lighting in the home.
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 4 of 9
The table shows the main sources of energy used to generate electricity.
3.
Energy source Percentage (%)
coal 35
hydroelectric 5
natural gas 25
nuclear
oil 15
(a) Complete the table by writing in the percentage for nuclear power.
(1)
(b) Use the information from the table to complete and label the pie chart below.
(2)
(c) Why can hydroelectric generators be used to meet sudden increases in the demand for
electricity?
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(1)
(d) Gases are released when fossil fuels burn.
(i) Which one of these gases increases the greenhouse effect?
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(1)
(ii) Which one of these gases produces acid rain?
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 5 of 9
State and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power stations to produce
4. electricity.
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(Total 4 marks)
The miners working in a salt mine use smooth wooden slides to move quickly from one level to
5. another.
(a) A miner of mass 90 kg travels down the slide.
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the miner when he moves 15 m
vertically downwards.
gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Change in gravitational potential energy = _________________________ J
(2)
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(b) Calculate the maximum possible speed that the miner could reach at the bottom of the
slide.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
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Maximum possible speed = _________________________ m/s
(3)
(c) The speed of the miner at the bottom of the slide is much less than the calculated
maximum possible speed.
Explain why.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
The map below shows the position of two towns, A and B, on the banks of a large river estuary.
6.
A is an important fishing and ferry port.
The wind usually blows from the west. The major roads and railways are shown.
A power station is to be built in area X to generate electricity for the region.
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The choice is between a nuclear power station and a coal fired power station.
(a) State the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods of generating
electrical energy.
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(6)
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(b) Which method would you choose for this site?
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Explain the reason for your choice.
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(3)
(Total 9 marks)
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