APMOPS 2012 Round 2

1. There is a group of girls at a party. Each girl writes a unique 2-digit number on the
board. Jane claims that the sum of digits is the same for at least 3 numbers.
Find the smallest number of girls in the room for this statement to be true.

Solution:
We consider sum of all 2-digit numbers, there are
1+0=1
1+1=2
…
1 + 9 = 10
2+0=2
…
9 + 9 = 18

That means there are exactly 18 distinct sums for 2-digit numbers

For the first 18 girls, then it is possible that each of them write a 2-digit number that
has different sum.

Now consider the worst case scenario, which the numbers 10 and 99 are written by
the first 18 girls. This implies 1 and 18 wouldn't appear again because each girl writes
a unique 2-digit number.

Then, at the worst case scenario, another 16 girls wrote numbers that give the sum
from 2 to 17.

As the pairs of numbers 11, 20 and 89, 98 give sum of digits 2 and 17, another
number written by another girl will has the sum of digit between 2 to 17.

Therefore, smallest number of girls = 18 + 6 + 1 = 35 (Ans)

APMOPS 2012 Round 2

2. Abel and Ben work on a job. Abel can finish the job in 10 hours and Ben can finish
the job in 12 hours. Abel works on the job for one hour, then hands over the job to
Ben, who works for one hour then hands it back to Abel.
If they continue in the aforementioned pattern, how long, in minutes, will it take to
finish the entire job?

Solution:
1
Abel can complete 10 job/hour
1
Ben can complete 12 job/hour
1 1 22 11
Consider every 2 hours, they will complete + = = of job.
10 12 120 60
55 11
After 5 times of 2 hours, they completed 60 = 12 of job.
1
Then they left with 12 of job to complete.
1 1 10
Since it is Abel’s turn, the amount of time needed by him = 12 ÷ 10 = 12hour = 50
minutes.
5 × 2 hours = 10 hours
Therefore, Abel and Ben will take 650 minutes to complete the job.
APMOPS 2012 Round 2

3. O is a point in the square ABCD. Line BO is 4 cm and Line OC is 7 cm. Angle BOC is
90°. Find the shaded area.
A B

D C
Solution:

Rotate triangle CDE

O’

A B

D C

Rotate the triangle about the vertex B such that C coincides with A.
Both the angles OBO’ and BO’ are 90°. Hence OB and AO’ are parallel.
Therefore OBO’A is a trapezium.

1
Area of trapezium = 2 (4+7)(4) = 22 cm2

1
Area of triangle ABO’ = 2 ×4×7 = 14 cm2

The shaded area = 22 – 14 = 8 cm2

APMOPS 2012 Round 2

4. A very large number is formed by writing consecutive natural numbers as follows:

12345678910111213141516…
Find the last two digits of this number when it is divisible by 72 for the first time.

Solution:

72 is the product of 8 and 9.

For a number to be divisible by 8, the last 3-digit of the number must be divisible by 8
and the last digit must be 2, 4, 6 or 8.
Next, consider the number is formed till consecutive natural number of two digits.
From the above pattern, the last three digits can be in the form
(a) x0x where x is not zero
Only 808 is divisible by 8.
(b) xyx where x and y are not zero
232, 272
(c) xxx where x is not zero
888
(d) 0x1 where x is not zero (Not possible to be divisible by 8)

Only 232 and 272 are possible last 3 digits.

Suppose the natural number formed is

123456…202122232

Now check the divisibility of 9.

Sum of digits is
(1 + 2 + 3 + … + 9) × 2 + 1 × 10 + 2 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 45 × 2 + 26

This sum is not divisible by 9.

Next check with the natural number

123456…20212223242526272
Sum of digits is
(1 + 2 + 3 + … + 9) × 3 + 1 × 10 + 2 × 8 – 8 – 9 = 45 × 3 + 9
This sum is divisible by 9.

Therefore, the last two digits is 72.

APMOPS 2012 Round 2

5. The diagram below shows a line PS. The distance between each point is a whole
number.
P Q R S

Point Q is the midpoint of line PS.

Given that
PQ × PR × PS × QR × RS = 10500
Find the length of line PS.

Solution:

Since Q is the midpoint line PS, PQ = QS = QR + RS.

And PS = PQ + QS = 2(QR+RS)

The equation PQ × PR × PS × QR × RS = 10500 can be expressed as

2(QR+RS)3× PR × QR RS = 22 × 3 × 53 × 7

By inspection, since distance between each point is a whole number,

PR = 7, QR + RS = 5, PS = 10, RS = 3
Therefore PS = 10.
 APMOPS 2012 Round 2

6. A straight line is dropped from a triangle ABC, dividing it into 2 isosceles triangles.
Given that one of the interior angles of triangle ABC is 24°, find all the possible
greatest interior angles of triangle ABD.

Solution:
As the question did not mention which interior angle has the measure equal to 24°,
there are three possible angles

Case (I): Angle ACB = 24°

24°
B C
D

For the following scenarios of 2 isosceles triangle, it is not possible to form triangle
ABC.
A A A

24°
132° 78°

24° 24° 156° 24° 102° 102° 78° 24° 132° 132° 24°
B C B C B C
D D

Following are the scenarios for 2 possible greatest interior angles of triangle ABC.

A A

78° 84° 24°

78° 78° 102° 24° 48° 48° 132° 24°

B C B C

Hence, greatest interior angles of triangle ABC = 108°

APMOPS 2012 Round 2

Case (II): Angle ABC = 24°

24°
B C
D

For the following scenarios of 2 isosceles triangles, it is not possible to form triangle
ABC.

A A A

78° 24°
132°

24° 24° 156° 24° 24° 24° 156° 78° 24° 24° 156° 132°
B C B C B C
D

156°

24° 24° 156°

B C

Following is the only scenarios for 2 possible greatest interior angles of triangle ABC.

A
132° 12°

24° 24° 156° 12°

B C

Hence, greatest interior angles of triangle ABC = 144°

APMOPS 2012 Round 2

Case (III): Angle BAC = 24°. Let angle DAC = x

A
x
24° - x

B C
D

A
x
24° - x

2x 2x x
B C
D

Then 3x + 24° = 180°. x = 52 > 24. This contradicts angle BAC = 24°.

Similarly, following cases also contradicts angle BAC = 24°.

A A
x x
24° - x 24° - x

132° 132° 48° 24° 180°- x 180°- x x

B A C B A C
D D
x x
24° - x 24° - x

78° x 78° 24° 24° 156° 132°

B C B C
D D
Therefore, greatest interior angles of triangle ABC = 144° or 108°.