Prepared by:

Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

This is a tutorial on modeling figure 1 as shown below using ANSYS. It is designed for
introduction to the ANSYS Workbench tool for developing this geometry and then transferring it
to ANSYS for modelling according to the specification given below for water, where the
properties are also mentioned in the problem. We like to see the flow behavior and also we are
assuming that the small exit will have only a very little portion of flow rate.

Big Exit

 100
mm

Density:  = 1000 kg/m³,

Viscosity,  = 8×10–4 Pa.s, Exit Wall
Conductivity, k = 0.677 W/m.K, 200 mm
Specific heat, cp = 4216 J/kg.K.

Inlet Wall
Inlet 100 mm 137.5
mm
Small
Wall
Ux = 0.4 m/s, 225 mm
T = 20°C Curved Wall

 25 mm
200 mm

Figure 1: Elbow Geometry Small

Exit

1
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Part 1
Geometry
and Mesh

2
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

1. Open the workbench window: Start>ANSYS>Workbench>Fluid Flow (Fluent) to Fig 2.

This opens the program by ANSYS.

Figure 2: ANSYS Workbench Project Window

3
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

2. Start the geometry: Double Click Geometry (as shown double arrow in the Fig 3). (It
might take a while for it to load.) ANSYS Workbench Project Schematic opens and looks
like Fig. 4. A meaningful name could be given to the whole file by double clicking at the
name, where is it named as "Fluid Flow (Fluent)", e.g. "Elbow".

Figure 3: ANSYS Workbench Project Schematic

Note: Geometry will contain the geometry file (here you construct the geometry, Mesh will
contain the mesh file (you will make the mesh element and declare the boundary types), after
saving the mesh file, it will be exported to Fluent.

4
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 4: Window for constructing the geometry

2(a). Draw the line: Click the line button in the sketch tab (Fig. 5). Use the Line tool ( ) to
sketch lines in 2D or to draw lines between points on objects in 3D. These lines will
become edges when you pull your sketch into a solid with the Pull tool

Figure 5: The sketch toolbar

5
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Using the Line tool, draw a 200mm line on the x-z plane. (Fig. 6). In the figure, the angle
is 90° and the length is 54mm. The angle should be remained same and the length has to
be changed to 200mm and it will look like fig. 7

Figure 6: 200mm line is being drawn on the x-z plane from 54mm

Figure 6: 200mm line is drawn on the x-z plane

6
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

2(b). Draw the quarter circle for elbow: Select tangent arc from the sketch window. (Fig. 7)
Use the Tangent Arc ( ) tool to sketch an arc that is tangent to a curve or line in the
design. Once, the Tangent Arc is selected, locate the pointed around the end of the
straight line, it will show an option to snap on that end (fig. 8) with the green dot. This
arc will become an edge when it will pull the sketch into 3D with the Pull tool.

Figure 7: The sketch toolbar

Figure 8: Snapping at the end

Once the angle and diameter () is activated (fig. 8), the angle should be kept at 90° and
diameter should be made 300mm and it will look like figure 9.

Figure 8: The sketch toolbar

7
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 9: Quarter circle with straight line

2(c). Draw the line: Using the line tool, draw another 200mm line from the other end of the arc
by snapping (fig. 8). The final figure will look like fig. 10.

Figure 10: Drawing the second line

8
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

2(d). Drawing in a new plane: Select the new plane button in the bottom middle of the screen
(fig. 11). Move the mouse around one end of the lines, depending on the nature of
moving you will get x-y plane activated (fig. 12.a) or y-z plane activated (fig. 12.b). In
this case y-z plane needs to be selected by single click.

Figure 11: Select the New Sketch Plane

(a) (b)

Figure 12: Select the New Sketch Plane

9
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

2(e). Draw the circle: Select the circle option from the sketch window (fig. 13). Use the Circle
tool ( ) to sketch a circle in 2D when you know the location of the circle's center and a
point on the circle’s edge, or the radius or diameter.

Note: The circle can become a cylinder or hole when it is pulled into 3D with the Pull tool, or a
sphere or torus if it is rotated or swept.

Figure 13: The sketch toolbar

Choose the center point of the circle to be the end point of the line, and draw a circle with
a diameter of 100 mm (fig. 14)

Figure 14: The circle at the end of line

10
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

2(f). Pull and sweep the circle: Click the Pull tool (next to select, fig. 15), which is side by the
sketch tools. After this the circle becomes orange.

Figure 15: Pull tool

Click the Sweep button (fig. 16).

Figure 16: Selecting the Sweep button.

11
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

While holding shift, select each segment of the line. Make sure all the lines are
highlighted (blue as it is found in fig. 17) and connected. Press Enter. The pipe should
follow the path of the line, extruding the circle along it. If it doesn’t work, make sure that
you selected the circle BEFORE using the Pull tool. If it works, it will look like fig. 18.

Figure 17: Selecting and highlighting the connecting lines for elbow

Figure 18: Results of sweep pull

12
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

2(g). Drawing in a new plane: Select the new plane button in the bottom middle of the screen
(fig. 11). Move the mouse around one end of the lines, depending on the nature of
moving you will get x-y plane activated (fig. 12.a) or y-z plane activated (fig. 12.b). In
this case x-y plane needs to be selected by single click. If it is not found, as it was found
in fig. 11, it can found in top middle of the screen (fig. 19). An ideal ox-y plane the one
that is at the bottom of upper straight pipe (fig. 20). As shown in fig. 20, draw a line to
locate the center of the small pipe at 62.5 mm from rightmost side.

Figure 19: Select the New Sketch Plane

Figure 20: Sketching at the bottom of upper straight pipe

13
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Draw another line in x-z plane starting from the center of the circle for 225mm (fig. 21).

Figure 21: Line equal to the length of the pipe from the beginning of elbow

2(h). Pull and sweep the circle: Click the Select tool. We are going to select the circle to
extrude it, but you will notice that the extruded pipe is covering up the drawn circle, and
it can’t be selected. Instead, select the Surface option from the left toolbar (fig. 22) under
Structure to select the circle. Now, the surface (i.e. circle) will be selected (fig. 23) and
then extrude (fig. 24)

Figure 22: Selecting surface

14
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 23: Surface selected

Figure 24: Complete geometry

15
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Once the geometry is finished, the workbench project will show a tick mark at the right
of the geometry (fig. 25)

Figure 25: Geometry is finished

3. Open the ANSYS Meshing application: Double Click Mesh (as shown double arrow in
the Fig 26). (It might take a while for it to load.) A new window should open and look
like Fig. 27.

Figure 26: Beginning Window

16
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 27: Window for constructing Mesh

3(a). Create named selections for the geometry: We will label each boundary in the geometry
by creating named selections for the pipe inlets, exits, walls etc. (as they are named with
green in Fig. 1).
i. For this action, single button must be clicked (fig. 28). Select the large inlet in the
geometry that is displayed in the ANSYS Meshing application. (Fig. 29).
ii. Right-click and select the Create Named Selection option. This displays the Selection
Name dialog box. (Fig. 30)
iii. In the Selection Name dialog box, "Inlet" for the name and click OK.
iv. Perform the same operations for other surfaces as named in fig .1.

The named selections that you have created appear under the Named Selections item in
the Outline view (fig. 31). It also helps you whether you have named a surface more than
once, as you can see that "Inlet Wall" has been created twice. So, it can be deleted by the
"Delete" option as shown in fig. 31.

17
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 28: "Select mode" is activated

Figure 29: Creating Name Selection

18
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 30: Applying a Name to a Selected Face

Figure 31: Created names of the surfaces

3(b). Create named selection(s) for the fluid body: We will label fluid domain. Create a named
selection for the fluid body.
i. Change the selection filter to Body in the Graphics Toolbar (fig. 32).

19
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

ii. Click the elbow in the graphics display to select it. The whole domain turns green
(fig. 33)
iii. Right-click, select the Create Named Selection option and name the body Fluid.

Figure 32: "Body" button is activated

Figure 33: Whole domain is selected

20
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Note: By creating a named selection called Fluid for the fluid body you will ensure that ANSYS
Fluent automatically detects that the volume is a fluid zone and treats it accordingly.

3(c). Set the basic Mesh Parameters: For this analysis, we will adjust several meshing
parameters to obtain a finer mesh. (These are introduced for future references)
i. In the Outline view, select Mesh under Project/Model to display the Details of
“Mesh” view below the Outline view.
ii. Expand the Sizing node by clicking the “+” sign to the left of the word "Sizing" to
reveal additional sizing parameters (Fig. 34).

Figure 34: Mesh Sizing

iii. Expand the Quality node to reveal additional quality parameters. Change Smoothing
to High. (Fig. 34)
iv. Add a Body Sizing control.
A. With Mesh still selected in the Outline tree, click the elbow in the graphics
display to select it.
21
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

B. Right click in the graphics area and select Insert → Sizing from the context menu.
A new Body Sizing entry appears under Mesh in the project Outline tree
C. In the Outline tree, click the new Body Sizing control.
v. Click again Mesh in the Outline view and in the Details of “Mesh” view, expand the
Inflation node to reveal additional inflation parameters. Change Use Automatic
Inflation to Program Controlled.

3(d). Generate the Mesh: Right-click Mesh in the project Outline tree, and select Update in the
context menu.

Once the meshing is finished, the workbench project will show a tick mark at the right of
the geometry (fig. 35)

Figure 35: Meshing is finished

At this stage, we will leave the Workbench by exporting the mesh file after saving and will work
in FLUENT independently.

22
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Part 2
Exporting
and
Pre-processing

23
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

4. Export the mesh file: Save the project first and then export. (Fig. 36)

Figure 36: Exporting Mesh

Figure 37: Exporting to FLUENT

24
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

After saving, in the "Save as type:" dropdown box (fig. 37), choose "FLUENT Input Files
(*.msh)". Then browse the location and give it a meaningful name, e.g.
"Elbow_B4_Model".

5. Modelling and Pre-processing in FLUENT: Launch FLUENT solver. Start>ANSYS

19.1>Fluent 19.1. It will open the Fluent Launcher window. (Fig. 38). Choose "3D" for
"Dimension" tab, "Serial" for "Processing Options" tab and click "OK" button.

Figure 38: Fluent Launcher

The window will look like Fig. 39

5(a). Opening the mesh file: Now, it is the time for opening the file. This is very critical at this
point, as the file has been transferred from one program to another, so checking and
gathering information about everything is necessary. The mesh file can be opened from
File>Read>Mesh (fig. 39) and then from browser locate the mesh file, which has been
generated.

25
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 39: Fluent Window

5(b). Checking and gathering all the information: First we check the mesh, by clicking
"Display" button (fig. 40) and then checking only the wall and clicking on "Display" as
shown in Fig. 41. It will show the meshed figure that has been exported here in Fluent.

26
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 40: Fluent Window

Figure 41: Fluent Window

27
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 42: Meshed figure

First check the mesh size, by clicking the "Check" under "Mesh". (Fig. 43). The mesh
information will be displayed in "Console" (fig. 44). In this console, it is showing 19,275
cells.

Figure 43: Mesh check

28
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 44: Mesh Information

Figure 45: Information check

Figure 46: Information displayed

29
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Then check the domain information, by Display>Info>Size (Fig. 45). The domain
information will be displayed in "Console" (fig. 46). In the console, the first paragraph
shows the Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax, Zmin and Zmax. These are very important to create any
surface for calculations.

5(c). Setting the solver: The inlet velocity will be set (later) as 0.01 m/s, which gives Reynolds
number as 1250 (laminar), so the model will be set as "Laminar" by clicking "Models" in
Tree window (fig. 47a), which will open "Viscous Model" window (fig. 47b), check
"Laminar" radio button and click on "OK".

(a) (b)

Figure 47: Information displayed

5(d). Setting the Material: The material means the fluid. It can be set by "Materials" in Tree
window (fig. 47.a), which will open "Materials" in Task page (fig. 48). In the problem
statement, it is clear that we will have to use water as the fluid. So, it will be set "Water"
as fluid, while "Air" is selected by default (fig. 48). It needs to be changed and it can be
done by opening "Create/Edit Material" window (fig. 49). Here, you find only "air" under
the "Fluent Fluid Materials" drop down box. To create water, click on "Fluent Database"
button, which will open "Fluent Database Materials" window (fig. 50). Find out "water-
liquid (h2o<l>)” from "Fluent Fluid Materials" selection box and then click "Copy".
Water now ill appear in "Create/Edit Material" window (fig. 51). Change the Viscosity
default value to 0.0008 as mentioned in the problem statement.

30
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 48: Material window

31
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 49: Create/Edit Materials

Figure 50: Fluent Database Materials

32
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 51: Water in Create/Edit Materials

5(e). Setting the Boundary Conditions: Boundary conditions are the most important part of a
problem. All the fluid dynamics problem solve mass, momentum and energy equations,
which is similar among all, but the one that makes a problem different than others is
boundary condition. In this problem, it as one inlet and two exits and rest of them are
walls.

(i) Inlet: To set the inlet with a velocity of 0.01 m/s, select "Boundary Conditions" in
Tree (fig. 52), which will open "Boundary Conditions" in Task Page. Select "Inlet".
Change the type from drop-down box to "velocity-inlet", it will open (if it does not
open click on "Edit" button) the window (fig. 53) to edit the boundary conditions of
"Inlet". Change the velocity to 0.01 m/s, which will ensure laminar flow.

(ii) Small Exit: To set the small exit, change the type from drop-down box to "pressure-
outlet" and click on "Edit" button, it will open the window (fig. 54) to edit the
boundary conditions of "Small Exit". Change the gage pressure to 0. Do the same for
"Big Exit" as well.

(iii)Walls: The rest of the surfaces are treated as wall. Starting with "Inlet Wall", change
the type to "wall", it will open the window (fig. 55) to edit the boundary conditions of
"Inlet Wall". Keep everything as they are. Do the same for all other walls.

33
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 52: Setting Boundary Conditions

Figure 53: Inlet Boundary Conditions

34
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 54: Exit Boundary Conditions

Figure 55: Wall Boundary Conditions

35
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

5(f). Setting the Solution Criteria: First, we need to set the method. By clicking "Methods" in
Tree, Task Page will show "Solution Methods" (fig. 56). In the Task Page, under Scheme
Drop-down box, select "SIMPLE" and "Second Order" in everything e.g. Pressure,
Momentum etc.

Figure 56: Method Setting

Figure 57: Relaxation Factors Settings

36
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

By clicking "Control" in Tree, Task Page will show "Solution Controls" (fig. 57). In the
Task Page, under "Under-Relaxation Factors" boxes, put 0.3 for "Pressure", 0.9 for
"Density", 0.9 for "Body Forces" and 0.7 for "Momentum".

(a) (b)

Figure 58: Residual Settings for Convergence

By clicking Monitors>Residual in Tree (fig. 58a), Task Page will show "Residual
Monitors" (fig. 58.b). In the Task Page, under "Residual Monitors" check the "Print to
Console" and "Plot" boxes. Make sure you set 0.001 for all four (e.g. continuity, x-
velocity, y-velocity, z-velocity) Residuals.

Figure 59: Setting Initial Guess Values

37
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

By clicking "Initialization" in Tree, Task Page will show "Solution Initialization" (fig.
59). In the Task Page, under "Solution Initialization" choose "Standard Initialization" and
put "0" for all the fields.

By clicking "Run Calculation" in Tree, Task Page will show "Run Calculation" (fig. 60).
In the Task Page, under "Run Calculation" put "1000" for "Number of Iterations" (this is
the number that the solver will iterate before convergence), "1" for "Reporting Interval"
(which means, the console will show the residuals in each iteration) and then click
"Calculate" button. Then the solver will start computation and residuals will be shown in
another window (fig. 61). It can be shown in fig. 61 that the residuals values are
decreasing, which means the solution is converging. The convergence residuals are set at
0.001, when all the parameters' residuals reach 0.001 or lower, the computation is
complete. It is found in that picture that the solver took 81 iterations for completion.

Figure 60: Running Calculation

38
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

5(g). Saving case and data: Now, it is time to save the case and data before post-processing. To
do this, File>Write>Case & Data (fig. 62) and then save in the appropriate location in
browser, with a meaningful name "Elbow_After_Sim". The computer will save two files,
e.g. case and data.

Figure 61: Calculation

Figure 62: Saving Case and Data

39
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Part 3
Post-
processing

40
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

6. Checking the results: The first thing that needs to be checked is the mass and energy
conservation. As this problem has to temperature issue, thus no energy equation, we will
check only the mass conservation.

6(a). Mass conservation: Postprocessing>Report>Fluxes, it will open "Flux Report" window

(fig. 63). Under the "Boundaries" selection box, select all the inlets (e.g. "inlet") and all
the exits (e.g. "big_exit" and "small_exit") and then click on "Compute" button. The
"Results" panel will show the inlet and exit flow rates. In the fig. 63, it is found that inlet
has the mass flow rate of 9.4635 × 10–5 kg/s, big exit has 9.2644 × 10–5 kg/s and the small
exit has 1.9650 × 10–6 kg/s. The difference between inlet and exits is 2.6137 × 10–8 kg/s,
which is 0.028% of the inlet and it is very much insignificant. That means the server was
successful in mass conservation. Also, the big exit is taking 97.9% of the inlet out of the
system and the small exit is taking 2.1% of it. That also having good agreement with our
assumption.

Figure 63: Flux Report

7. Presenting the results: In a 3-D problem, it is very difficult to see the result in volume. It
is wise to see the results in different surface, e.g. exits, center plane etc.

7(a). Creating mid plane: To see the static pressure or velocity in mid-plane, first we will have
to create the mid plane. Mid plane is parallel to y-plane. It is wise to check the Ymin and
Ymax again from fig. 46, and are found as Ymin = –0.05m and Ymax = 0.05m, so mid plane
should be at Y = 0, so the equation of that line should be y = 0.
Postprocessing>Create>Quadratic (fig. 64a) will open the "Quadratic Surface" window,
where you can see the text box for the input of an equation like,

A x² + B y² + C z² + D xy + E yz + F zx + G x + H y + I z + J = 0

41
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

However, our equation is y – 0.172 = 0, so here A = B = C = D = E = F = G = I = J = 0,

and H = 1. So, we can input these values in the appropriate boxes and put a meaningful
name for "New Surface Name" text box, e.g. mid-plane

(a) (b)
Figure 64: Creating Quadratic Surface

We can also check the existence of this plane in mesh display (fig. 65), by checking mid-
plane in "Surfaces" and checking only "Edges" in "Options" and "Outline" in "Edge
Type". You will be able to see the mid-plane with black lines in fig. 66.

Figure 65: Opening mid-plane

42
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Mid-plane

Figure 66: Mid-plane (marked in figure)

7(b). Displaying Static Pressure: In the "Postprocessing", from "Graphics" panel, choose
"New" from "Contour" drop-down box, it will open "Contours" window (fig. 67). Check
"Filled", "Node Values", "Global Range", "Auto Range" in "Options" Panel. In the
"Contours of", select "Pressure" from first drop-down box and "Static Pressure" from
second drop-down box, select "mid-plane" from "Surfaces". Click "Display" button, you
will be able to see the pressure contour (fig. 68).

Figure 67: Contours Window

43
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 68: Pressure contour

Figure 69: Contours Window

44
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

7(c). Displaying Velocity Vector: In the "Postprocessing", from "Graphics" panel, choose
"New" from "Vectors" drop-down box, it will open "Vectors" window (fig. 69). Check
"Global Range", "Auto Range" and "Auto Scale” in "Options" Panel. In the "Vectors of",
drop-down box select "Velocity" and in "Color by" select "Velocity..." from first drop-
down box and "Velocity Magnitude" from second drop-down box, select "mid-plane"
from "Surfaces". Click "Display" button, you will be able to see the velocity vector in
mid-plane (fig. 68).

Figure 70: Velocity Vector

8. Formatting the results: The legends in fig. 70 are in scientific format, which are little
inconvenient to realize. These values need to be in decimal for better understanding.

8(a). Formatting the results: Viewing>Graphics>Colormap (fig. 71) will open formatting
window (fig. 72), which is named as "Colormap" window. In the "Number Format"
panel, select "Float" in "Type" drop-down box and type or scroll-up to number "4" in
"Precision" and click "Apply". It will show the velocity vector in fig. 73

45
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan
Prepared by:
Dr. Jobaidur Khan, Hasan Aqtash, Heeral Maderna, Benedict Cutri and Johan Marcos

Figure 71: Opening color map

Figure 72: Color map window

Figure 73: Formatted velocity vector

46
Copyright © 2019 by Dr. Jobaidur Khan