Optical
I
struments
CLASS 12 PHYSICS
Telegram -
↳ Sunil Sip
~ Jangra -
vsal Angle :
object
A
h Retina
(10
.
01
B
↓ image
eye
D 25cm
=
"The of the the retina is
size
image on
proportional to the angle
-
subtended
-
by
the object on the
eye
.
- -
This
angle is known as the visual
- angle
-
.
used Pes
Ne : Optical instruments are to
this
angle artificially .
Naked
eye .
h .
os
C
I
A
1 250n->
0
D
0 =
h
0
1
=
Magnifying
-
Power
-
.
Power
NOTE :
Magnifying is the factor
by which the
retina
image on the can be
enlarged by
using the
Microscope or
telescope .
Magnifying Power
formed final image
visual
angle by
M =
-
-
Visual formed kept ate
angle by Object
Acroscope :
Microscope
D &
Simple Comysound
Microscope Microscope
Magnifying Power
formed
M visual
angle by final image
=
Visual formed kept at e
angle by Object
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
A
simple microscope is just a convex lens of
short focal
zum num length
n
.
As
e
re A 8
BY
8
Bl B F
I
⑲Eye
kn -
lon a -
Derivation
As
e
re A 8
A
ho 8
B(
*
Bl B
I
kn -
lon a -
ye
B
tan I re
M =
M =
tanxx ↳ M
= It
=
tan = B M
ho P
=
=
M
=
Maximum MoP Minimum M .
P
-
X -
= D n
=
-
u + = f x= -
x x= -
R f f
=
zens formula i t
I
+
=
I I
=
- +
Eff
It -
=
Mo
= It j
+
x(13
=
M
1
1
=
+
Compound Microscope
A
compound microscope is an
optical device
used to see
magnified images of tiny objects .
NOTE : can
produce magnification of the
order of 1000 .
⑪ Consist of two
converging lenses
-
Objective
eyepiece
->
NOTE : Objective has a smaller
aperture and smaller
focal length those of the
than
eyepiece
.
construction
-
Length
* L - eyepiece
Objective
fe
-
15 Yo ->
B
A
>
k-Ue - T
⑪
-
↳ S
All F A 7
I
I
Il I I
A I
Bl -
I Ho - -
⑭
-
B
fo
-
Y Ve ↓
/Yol +luel
11
B
* L =
Derivation
-
tanx
-
=
M =
-
①
"
A AB =
=
tan B =
As
tan B
(o) - AB
(Yo)
=
= =
M
(i) *
=
(Yr)(e)
M
=
M =
Mox Me
(Yr)(e)
M
=
W
MaX :
E
Min .
Ye = -
Dr =
-
He += fe Ve = -
0 u=
- He f =
fe
Be e i Ie te
Defe
He Yet I
Mo
(e)
i (feti)
M= Y
(+ e)
Telescope :
A
telescope is an
optical device enables
us to see distance objects clearly .
Telescope
/
Refracting ↳>
Reflecting
Astronomical telescope :
It is a
refracting type telescope used to see
heavenly bodies like stars , planets ,
satellite etc .
Construct on !-
Objective Large folal
# lens
: convex ->
lengthhe
Large aperture .
#Eyepiece : convex lens -> small
focal lenghthe
small aperture
Magnifying Power (M)
formed final
M visual
angle by image
=
visual formed object
angle by
.
M=
taka
Astronomical Telescope :
Object at objective
D
-
↳ =
Holtuel eyepiece
⑧ fo -
Ue -
I eyect
&
S Fo Fo
1k
'ta
N I
All Al
B)
,
7
minementRunn M
As
-
=
llllllllllllrnn
in
⑭
B ·
↳
&
↳
At
tanx-x= AB tan B =
AB
Fo He
M =
fo
He
Maximum
-
minimums
-
Ve = -
D r = -
He = fe f= fe
Ve
=
0 u - He
=
-
e -
=
# e
e ei He= fe
Mp
=
to
[fets]
ko
=I
M
2 ]
=
+
-
Defects of Aberrations
images
# ~
Aberrations : The defect may be due to light or
optical
u
=
system
nat
.
Chromatic Aberrations : The of object formed
image an
by a lens is usually coloured and blurred This .
defect of image is called chromatic aberration .
Note : focal length of a lens is different for different colours .
I
(u
1)( Ed
-
=
-
spherical aberration : The
inability of the lens to
form a point image of an axial point object is called
spherical aberration .
⑪
Reflecting Telescope ! Cassegrains
Large
#
No spherical aberration
# No chromatic aberration
#
Easy to Manufacture
#less
costly
My
2) ()
+
=
Mg=
#
Necotonian Telescope
I
D
plane -
- =
Mirror -
I
:
I
I
-
D -
B -
eye piece
Y Y
Thankyou