3CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter enumerated related literature and studies about the topic on

extent of awareness of first year BS Social Work students on Code of

Discipline stipulated in the Student Handbook of Western Philippines

University SY 2023-2024. Researchers gathered information from books,

articles, and journals written and published by different authors and

researchers which are relevant to the proposed study.

Related Literature (PAKIAYOS NINYO ITO, IHIWALAY ANG

LITERATURE SA STUDY LANG, ILAGAY ANG

RECOMMENDATION KUNG STUDY ANG NAKUHA NINYO, WAG

DIN KALIMUTAN ANG YEAR KUNG KAILAN NASULAT PO)

Student Handbook is an excellent tool for preserving harmony and

order in the classroom and in an academic institution as a whole. Where in,

school administrators create and preserve a safe learning environment that

supports academic freedom, effective teaching and learning, and a positive

relationship between the staff and students. (Batas Pambansa 232).

According to Leander A. Dolphin and Anne H. Little-field (2019)

student handbook serve as the guide to student life in the district, providing

an orientation for new and current students and it serves many practical and

legal purposes. To provide excellent opportunity for schools to get the year off

to a good start students must be properly oriented and should have high level
of awareness what is written in the student handbook of the institution they

are enrolled.

Stated by Salazar of St. Mary's College Quezon City (2018) the student

handbook falls short of its effectiveness if it is being read only once during

orientation. It is recommended that the school should provide students with a

more exciting student handbook awareness related activities, devise

better approaches that would help in developing the social behavior of their

students, provide an orientation at least twice (2) a month regarding the

student handbook so that the students will be updated on its essential parts,

and enhance the creative design of the student handbook to gain the attention

of the students in using it.

Based on Judy Anne N. Babasa and Meryl D. Balog (2019) students are

required to comply with school rules and regulations, which serve as

significant safety measures. Usually, it is connected to classroom management

and school discipline, in which many students are still find to be very difficult.

Various reasons such as lack of awareness and knowledge, respect for

authority, cooperation, and self-esteem discipline should be integrated in all

courses.

According to Babasa [Link] (2019) school rules and regulations represent

important control mechanisms to which students conform to. It is usually

associated with classroom management and school discipline which remains a

great challenge to many students as well as to faculty and administrators.

In this study, the researcher wants to determine the awareness of the

students in the established school rules and regulations as stipulated in the

Code of discipline. As of now, there are limited studies about school rules and
regulations in public schools in the Philippines. This research needs to be

conducted to maintain the safety of everyone inside the school, to lessen

crime, and to practice discipline on every student.

According to 1940 Act, School Rules may be amended from time to time

for legal, safety or other substantive reasons, or in order to assist the proper

administration of the school. A copy of the then current version of the rules is

provided to each child on entry and is sent to parents with the Acceptance

Form. Parents will be notified of subsequent changes to the rules.

In Mesarya Technical University the primary purposes of rules and

regulations in their university are to protect the well-being of the community

and to advance its educational mission by defining and establishing the

certain norms

of behavior.

In addition, De la Salle University Institutional Student Handbook is

intended to all students, both local and international, enrolled at De La Salle

Medical and Health Sciences Institute. The formal acceptance through agreed

Conforme signifies that students are bound to the Rules and Regulations of

the Institute, maintain discipline, actualize the Mission and Vision, and

exemplify the Lasallian values of Spirit of Faith, Zeal of Service, Communion

in Mission, and Reverence for Life, in and outside the campus. In which

Western Philippines University Student handbook also had the same

objectives.

In Palang State University student handbook, discipline is a condition

in which a person obeys the implemented provisions , regulation, values and

rules, that apply with self-awareness without coercion, but in reality many
students are less aware of discipline in schools so that they violate existing

rules and norms.

In addition, Alemneh Amesalu Fekadu stated that discipline is very

important component of human behavior and one could assert that without it,

an organization or institution cannot function well toward the organizational

goal.

Moreover, Lyceum of the Philippines University stated that in Student

Affairs Office (SAO) there are supports programs that encourage the concept

of total student development. It is committed to provide an environment

conducive to personal, social, emotional, spiritual and organizational

development through involvement in student activities. SAO continues to

plan, implement, evaluate and support programs and services to meet student

needs. They also have a student discipline unit (SDU) to ensure the

effectiveness pf institutional rules and regulation to the student behavior and

conduct in and outside the campus while carrying out school related activities.

Benguet State University is also a government institution where

learning is optimized, rules and regulations are set to be observed. Upon

enrolment, a student imposes upon himself/herself all the responsibilities

appropriate to his/her status; to learn and become morally upright, well-

disciplined, civic-minded and vocationally efficient. The student acknowledges

his/her responsibilities towards the administration, faculty members, fellow

students and the community. In return, the University assures the student all

the respect and protection of his/her rights and privileges. These rules are

promulgated to cultivate values and encourage virtues that make the Filipino

proud. These values aim to strengthen character and nurture a community of

scholars by upholding honor and inspiring excellence, which mark and

distinguish BSU quality education. While character cannot be created by

legislation, the good virtues within each individual may be strengthened to

achieve a degree of concern for others, the pursuit of learning and wisdom, a

sense of justice and fairness, the courage to stand for moral principles, and the

encouragement of an environment where persons can flourish. The University

respects and upholds the students’ right to organization. The University

supports legitimate student organizations and activities as initiatives of

students to show their capacity for autonomous governance and leadership. It

recognizes and promotes this training as preparation for their role in the

governance of our nation with accountability, humility and love of country.

 QUESTIONAIRE

THE EXTENT OF AWARENESS AMONG FIRST YEAR BSSW

STUDENTS TO THE CODE OF DISCIPLINE STIPULATED IN THE
STUDENT HANDBOOK 2020 OF WESTERN PHILIPPINES
UNIVERSITY SY: 2023-2024
To Respondent;

Kindly answer this questionnaire honestly and wholeheartedly. Rest

assured that all your answer will be kept confidential and will be for research
purpose only.
Thank you for your cooperation.
The Researchers

PART I. Socio Demographic profile

Direction: Fill in the blank with necessary information needed

Name (Optional):
Age:

Sex: £Male £Female

Ethnic Affiliation:

£Cuyonon £Tagalog Other please specify:

£Bisaya £Tagbanua
Occupation of father:
Occupation of mother:
Monthly Income:
Highest Educational Attainment of father:
Highest Educational Attainment of mother: _________________
 Part II: Extent of awareness of respondents on WPU Code of

Discipline

A survey questionnaire of the extent awareness of among first year

BSSW students to the Code of Discipline stipulated on the student handbook
2020 of Western Philippines University SY: 2023-2024.

Instruction

Please rate the following statement by putting (/) based on the rating
below regarding your awareness as first year BSSW students on Code of
Discipline stipulated in the student handbook 2020 of Western Philippines
University.

5 - Very much aware 4 -More aware 3- Aware 2-Less Aware 1-Not

Aware

Statements 5 4 3 2 1
Basic Rights and responsibility
I’ am _____ that every student shall have the right to:
(start the sentences in small letter only)
1.1 quality and relevant information,
1.2 School guidance and counseling.
1.3 Organize join and participate in organization and
societies recognized by the university.
1.4 Publish student news paper and similar publication.
1.5 Have access to his own school records,the
confidentially of which the school shall maintain;
1.6 Study conscientiously and endeavor to achieve the
academic performance that they are capable.
1.7 Uphold the basic principles and ideals of the
University and to contribute to the attainment of its
objectives.
1.8 Exercise rights in the manner not to infringe or
violate public welfare or the rights of other.
1.9 Promote and maintain peace and tranquility in the
University and to develop harmonious relationship with
fellow students, faculty members and administrative
If the above mention does not reflect on what you experience , please specify
the possible awareness to the Code of Discipline stipulated on the student
handbook.
Rules and Regulations on student conduct and 5 4 3 2 1
discipline

2.1 Every student shall observe, in addition to the laws

of the land, the rules that will be passed in separate
resolution regarding discipline by the Board of Regents.

2.2 Instigating, inciting,provoking, leading or taking

part in illegal and/ or violent demonstration or , other
activities, or giving active support thereto in any form or
manner.

2.3 harboring criminals and notorious characters;

2.3 cheating in examinations, forgery, tampering, other

falsehoods;

2.4 ungentlemanly conduct in the class or preventing in

any manner, University officials, faculty members and
personnel and / or fellow students from performing
their duties or exercising their rights;

2.5 failure or refusal to wear the required ID and /or

student uniform within the school premises.

2.6 spitting on floors or walls;

2.7 taking the examination without the required permit;

2.8 use of the University premises and/ or facilities

without prior authorization;

2.9 use of offensive language or commission of act

which are disrespectful,vulgar, indecent, or which in any
matter may cause or tend to cause or tend to cause
molestation or injury to members of the academic
community.

2.10 unauthorized distribution within University

premises of leaflets, handbills, or other printed
materials whose authorship is not clearly or specifically
stated therein;
3.1 these are sanctions meted out by way of
admonishing the erring student that repetition thereof
or other similar offense will be dealt with more
severely.

3.2 the offender may be barred for a certain period

from the class(es) or from the University.

3.3 this is an extreme form of disciplinary

administrative sanction whereby an offender is
dismissed from school without finishing the semester
or term.

4.1 previous record of the student;

4.2 inherent gravity of the offense committed;

4.3 position of the aggrieved persons;

4.4 established precedents; and other related

circumstances such as the pertinent and applicable
mitigating found in the Revise Penal Code.
5.1 in case of violations of school policies and regulation
occurring in connection with a University-sponsored
activity off-campus

5.2 in cases where the misconduct o f the student

involves his status as a student or affects the good name
or reputation of the University or any of its officials or
employees even if the offense is committed outside of
WPU Campus.

6.1 a student charge with misconduct shall be afforded

due process which includes a formal complaint, answer
in a fair and reasonable opportunity to defend herself.

6.1 a student charge with misconduct shall be afforded

due process which includes a formal complaint, answer
in a fair and reasonable opportunity to defend herself.
9.1any student respondent in the case shall have the
right to represented by any personnel of the University
or lawyer as counsel.

9.2 misconduct committed outside the university

campus constitutes NO DEFENSE if it affects the
reputation of the University.

9.3 in all disciplinary cases, parents and guardian

should be fully informed of the misconduct of their
child or ward. Likewise, in all cases of suspension, a
written promise of future exemplary conduct signed by
the parents or guardians shall be required as a
condition of readmission.

11.1 all the provision on this code of discipline shall take

effect on march 15, 2007, the approval date on the
student handbook. It repeals after code of discipline
previously formulated.