1st session
Introduction to research
methodology overview of study
designs and Descriptive studies
A seven day national Online Workshop
On
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Date: 19th May 2020)
At
WILSON COLLEGE(University of Mumbai)
By
[Link] Reddy
Group Director, Sanskrithi group of Institutions
Puttaparthy, Anantapur
JNT University A.P.
[Link]@[Link],9346312819
Contents of the session
Introduction to Research
What is Research
Importance of Research
Objectives of Research
Research and scientific Method
Types of research
Research methodology and research Design
Research Process
challenges in research
Qualities of a good Research
Research
1. Advancement in existing knowledge with the new insights.
2. Original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge,
3. Knowledge generation, sharing and using
4. Research findings lead to formulation of theories
5. Research tests the existing theory
6. Research findings lead to reformulation of an existing theory
7. Research clarifies theory
What is Research
1. careful investigation or inquiry through search for new
facts in any branch of knowledge.
2. It is a critical and exhaustive investigation with an aims
of revision of accepted conclusions in the light of
newly discovered facts.
3. It is a systematic effort to gain knowledge.
[Link] is a systematic Endeavour to seek beyond our level
of knowledge saw truth, saw reality and difficult to
perceive and follow to keep on these horizons without
end.
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
The purpose of research is to discover new solutions to the
problems through the application of scientific procedures. The
objectives of any research are broadly studied under two
headings, they are:
Academic in nature and Utilitarian
The objectives of research are
To gain Knowledge:
To innovate new concepts, theories:.
To understand, analyze and explore the phenomena:
To know the cause- effect relationship:
To enjoy and improve the society:
Research Methodology
Methodology refers to more than a single set of methods, rather it refers to the
rationale and philosophical assumptions that underlie a particular study.( This
is why scholarly literature often includes a section on the methodology of the
researches.)
Methodology is defined as
The analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates
employeed by a discipline.
The systematic study of methods that are, can be or have been applied
within a discipline or
a particular procedure or set of procedures.
Methodology also includes
A collection of theories, concepts or ideas
Comparative study of different approaches and
Critique of the individual methods.
Research Methods
Research methods may be understood as all those
methods/techniques that are used for conduction
of research.
Research methods or techniques refer to the
methods the researchers use in performing
research operations.
,All those methods which are used by the
researcher during the course of studying in her/his
research problem are termed as research
methods.
stages
Conceptual model is a simplified systematic structure
of interrelated elements in some schematic form.
Facts get transformed into constructs,
Constructs then assembled into hypothesis.
Hypothesis get tested and verified lead to theory.
When theory is tested and found correct then it
become a law.
Research Design
A Research Design is the specification of methods and
procedures for acquiring the information needed.
It is over all operational pattern or frame work of the
project that stipulates what information is to be
collected from which sources by what procedures.
It is more or less a blue print of research.
It is an outline of a research project’s workings
The methods and procedures should be scientific
So What is Scientific Method?
Scientific Method
Scientific method is an approach to seeking knowledge
based on scientific form. SM provides a logical,
systematic way to answer questions and removes
subjectivity by requiring each answer to be authenticated
with objective that can be reproduced.
one should understand the scientific methods and their
application to research before deciding the research
design.
The basic qualities of SM are rationality and objectivity.
No method can eliminate uncertainty
But SM can minimize those elements of uncertainty which
results from lack of information.
It reduces danger of making a wrong choice between
alternatives.
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE RESEARCH PROCFESS.
Need for research
Define the research objective
Identify data needs
Identify data sources
Choose an appropriate research design
data collection method
Design the research instrument or form
Identify the sample
Collect data, including any relevant secondary data
Analyze and interpret the data
Present the research findings to decision makers
Follow up action
Types of research
Basic research and Applied Research/
quantitative and qualitative Research
Exploratory Research
Conclusive
causal research- Cause and effect
relationships.
descriptive research which may describe
things
Experimental research
Observation Research
What Is Good Research
Good research generates dependable data that are
derived by professionally conducted practices and
that can be used reliably for decision making.
In contrast, poor research is carelessly planned and
conducted, resulting in data that a decision maker
can't use to reduce his or her decision-making risks.
Good research follows the standards of the scientific
method: systematic, empirically based procedures for
generating replicable research.
Qualities of a good research
Purpose clearly defined.
Research process detailed.
Research design thoroughly planned.
High ethical standards applied .
Limitations frankly revealed
Analysis adequate for decision maker's needs
Findings presented unambiguously.
Conclusions justified.
Researcher's experience reflected
Challenges in Research
1. Method takes precedence over substance
[Link] concern over the validity of data and analysis
[Link]”bias
[Link] is the Quality of research going on
5. Research in general is formulaic, cautious, uninspiring,
and unreadable
What are the standards of research?
Is research cyclical/stereotypical, or topical which
emerges from the genuine and compelling need?
Is research fundamental, correlational, interventional,
purely statistical?
Is research qualitative, quantitative, or else-what?
Is research ontological or epistemological
Integrity of data- paramount importance
Deep insights are expected
Research problem
Some difficulty which a researcher experiences
in the context of either a theoretical or practical
situation and wants to obtain a solution for the
same.
One should choose the problem which is likely
to add value to the research.
Issues in problems selection
While selecting the problem, the following points may
be considered.
[Link] which is overdone should not be normally
chosen
[Link] narrow or too vague problems should be
avoided
[Link] subject should not become the
choice of an average researcher
[Link] subject selected for research should be familiar
and feasible
[Link] importance of the subject, qualifications and
the training of a researcher, costs, time factor etc.
Problems in selection
[Link] of the problem in a general way
[Link] the nature of the problem
[Link] the available literature
[Link] the idea through discussions
[Link] the research problem into a working
proposition
Key elements in selection
[Link] a field which fascinates the researcher
sufficiently
[Link] on the researchers previous studies
[Link] in the area of warm research activity
[Link] in an area near the main streams of a discipline
[Link] manageable, produce interesting results in the
shortest time possible, have accessible sources of data
[Link] into a program of research after the thesis is
competed
[Link] skills for obtaining a job in a non-research
field.
Finally general requirements
Develop a broad set of methodological skills.
Learn to be a critical reader of the literature
Focus on developing hypotheses to be tested
Use the literature to stimulate your thinking
Put it on paper
Don’t work in isolation
Develop precise constructs
Evaluate the hypotheses
Identify the intended contribution
Designing the research design
Data collection instrument
Design experiments
Crafting manuscript for scholarly presentation
Before we close
Finally
Thank you